Singathetha ngalo mhlaza wegazi unzima, i-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?

Ngaba unomkhuhlane ongapheliyo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa? Okanye uzive udiniwe kwaye udiniwe? Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezincinci ezinje zinokuba zifihla into enkulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esibi kancinci, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqaphele. Loo nto yi-acute myeloid leukemia, okanye i-AML ngamafutshane.

Yintoni i-AML?

Ngamafutshane, i-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) luhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela umongo wakho wethambo kunye negazi. Sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinzulu. Sidla ngokubangelwa kukuguquka kwenye yezakhi zofuzo okanye iikhromosomu zakho. Sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuchaphazela nabantu abancinci kunye nabantwana. I-AML ngumhlaza osasazeka ngokukhawuleza, osongela ubomi. Ngethamsanqa, unyango olutsha luye lwavumela abantu abaninzi ukuba baphile ixesha elide nesi sifo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-AML?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-AML. Uhlobo ngalunye luchaphazela inani leeseli egazini lakho. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo ngalunye lunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kwaye luphendule ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunyango.

Oogqirha baxilonga ezi ntlobo ze-AML ngokuhlola iiseli zomhlaza phantsi kwemakroskopu. Bakwajonga utshintsho kwiichromosomes zakho kunye notshintsho kwiijini ezithile ezilawula ukukhula kweeseli.

Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili ze-AML:

• I-Myeloid leukemia: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-AML. Lukhula njengomhlaza weeseli ezivelisa ii-neutrophils, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
• I-acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5): Oku kuvela kwiiseli ezivelisa uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-monocytes.
• I-Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMLK): Lo ngumhlaza weeseli ezivelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye iiplatelets.
• I-Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): Kule meko, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezingavuthwanga ezibizwa ngokuba zii-promyelocytes azikhuli kakuhle kwaye ziba ziiseli ezinomhlaza.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-AML?

I-AML sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Ngokomyinge, malunga nabantu abadala abane kwi-100,000 banesifo minyaka le. Kwakhona, kuxelwe ukuba malunga nabantwana abayi-1,160 bafunyanwa bene-AML minyaka le.

Zithini iimpawu ze-AML?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iimpawu ze-AML zinokuvakala ngathi unomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane ongakhange uzive kakuhle kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa i-AML ngumhlaza onzima kakhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba,Kungekudala uza kuqala ukufumana iimpawu ezintsha nezibonakala ngakumbi. Kamva, ungabona iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuhlala uziva unesiyezi.
• Izinto ezifana nokukrweleka lula, ukopha rhoqo kwempumlo, kunye nokopha iintsini xa uhlamba amazinyo akho.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu.
• Ndiziva ndibanda.
• Ifiva.
• Ukubila ebusuku.
• Usulelo oluhlala lusenzeka, okanye usulelo oluvelayo luthatha ixesha elide ukuba luphiliswe.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka.
• Intlungu emathanjeni, emqolo, okanye esiswini.
• Amabala amancinci abomvu eluswini (i-petechiae).
• Amanxeba athatha ixesha ukuphola.

Zithini izizathu ze-AML?

Iingcali azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-AML. Kodwa ziyazi ukuba le meko yenzeka xa ii-genes okanye ii-chromosomes ezithile emizimbeni yethu zitshintsha (zitshintsha), nto leyo ebangela ukwakheka kweeseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga. Olu tshintsho lwe-genetic lungabandakanya:

• Kukho into echaphazele i-DNA yakho ngexesha lobomi bakho.
• Ukuba unesifo semfuza esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye sandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-AML.
• Ngenxa yotshintsho kwezinye zezakhi zofuzo kwisidoda okanye emaqandeni abazali bakho.

Utshintsho lwemfuza luyibangela njani i-AML?

Ukuze uqonde indlela olu tshintsho lwemfuza olunokukhokelela ngayo kwi-AML, kuyanceda ukwazi okuncinci ngomongo wakho wamathambo kunye neeseli zegazi. Umongo wakho wethambo sisicwili esithambileyo nesithambileyo esikumbindi wamathambo akho amaninzi. Wenziwe ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Kuyenziwa iiseli ze-stem. Ezi ziiseli ezithi kamva zibe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezikhusela kwizifo, kunye neeplatelets ezinceda ekuqhekekeni kwegazi.

Ngokwesiqhelo, umongo wakho wethambo usebenza njengomgca wemveliso osebenzayo, usenza inani elifanelekileyo leeseli zegazi kunye neeplatelets zomzimba wakho. Kodwa kumntu one-AML, umongo wethambo uqala ukuvelisa iiseli ze-myeloid ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-myeloid blasts okanye i-myeloblasts.

Ezi seli ze-myeloid blast aziziphathi njengeeseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo. Iiseli eziqhelekileyo zifumana imiyalelo kwiijini zazo malunga nokuba kufuneka zahlukane kwaye zikhule nini kwaye zikhawuleze kangakanani. Xa iiseli zikhula, ziyafa ukuze kuvele iiseli ezintsha kwi-bone marrow. Kodwa iiseli ze-myeloid blast azilandeli le miyalelo. Ziyahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye azifi. Njengoko iiseli ze-myeloid blast ziqhubeka nokuzalisa i-bone marrow, akukho ndawo yeeseli zegazi eziphilileyo. Ngenxa yokuba akukho ndawo, i-bone marrow iyayeka ukwenza iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo. Ngaphandle kweeseli zegazi ezintsha eziphilileyo, umzimba awufumani izinto ozidingayo ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ezi seli ze-myeloid blast ziqhubeka zahlukana, ziyaphuma kumongo wethambo ziye egazini. Xa sele zisegazini, ezi seli ze-myeloid ziya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kuquka inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, ubuchopho, kunye nomqolo.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-AML?

Nangona iingcali zingazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olukhokelela kwi-AML, ziyazi ezinye izinto (izinto ezinobungozi) ezonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana esi sifo. (Xa sicinga ngezinto ezinobungozi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuba ne-risk factor akuthethi ukuba uza kufumana esi sifo. ) Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-AML ziquka:

• Ubudala: Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abafumana i-AML baneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu xa befunyaniswa ukuba banayo le ngxaki. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-AML idla ngokuvela kubantu abadala, kodwa inokwenzeka nakubantwana.
• Ukutshaya: Oku kuquka ukuphefumla umsi osetyenziswa ngumntu omnye.
• Unyango lomhlaza: Izinto ezifana ne-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation.
• Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-chemical carcinogens: Imizekelo ibandakanya izinto ezifana ne-benzene kunye ne-formaldehyde.
• Ukuvezwa kwimitha ephezulu yemitha evela kwingozi ye-reactor yenyukliya okanye kwibhombu yeathom.
• Ezinye izifo zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa.
• Ezinye iingxaki zomongo wethambo.

Zeziphi izifo zemfuza ezonyusa umngcipheko we-AML?

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ezinye iinguqu zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa ziyandisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-AML. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• I-Down syndrome
• I-Ataxia telangiectasia
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
• Isifo seKlinefelter
• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - Oku kuchaphazela ukuveliswa kweeplatelet.
• Isifo seBloom
• Isifo sePlatelet Disorder seFamilial - Esi sisifo esinxulumene neplatelet.

Zeziphi izifo zomongo wethambo ezonyusa umngcipheko we-AML?

Abanye abantu abane-myeloproliferative neoplasms, okanye iingxaki ze-myeloproliferative, banokuba ne-acute myeloid leukemia. (I-Myelo ithetha umongo wethambo. I-proliferative ithetha ukukhula kakhulu.) Abantu abanezi meko zilandelayo nabo basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-AML:

• I-Polycythemia vera
• I-Myelofibrosis
• I-Thrombocytosis
• Isifo seMyelodysplastic
• I-anemia ye-Aplastic

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-AML?

Kwinqanaba layo lokuqala, i-acute myeloid leukemia ichaphazela inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba awunazo iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni ezaneleyo kunye neeplatelets, unokufumana iimeko ezifana nezi:

• I-anemia - oko kuthetha ukunqongophala kwegazi.
• I-Thrombocytopenia - Oku kuthetha ukungabikho kweeplatelets.
• I-Pancytopenia - Oku kuthetha ukwehla kwazo zonke iintlobo zeeseli zegazi kunye neeplatelets.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-AML? (Ukuxilongwa)

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuxilonga i-AML, kuquka uvavanyo lwemfuza ukufumanisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-AML. Inyathelo lokuqala lidla ngokuba luvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kuquka ukujonga ukuba akukho manxeba, ukopha, kunye nosulelo. Bakwajonga ukudumba kwamalungu omzimba afana nesibindi, ipleyini, kunye ne-lymph nodes.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-AML?

Kusenokufuneka wenze olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC)
• I-smear yegazi engaphandle - Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yegazi uze uyijonge phantsi kwe-microscope.
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy - Kule nto, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo ize ihlolwe.
• Ukumpompa komqolo - Oku ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza kulwelo olujikeleze umqolo.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo zemfuza ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-AML?

Iingcali zonyango zenza uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuze zichonge uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-AML. Zikhangela utshintsho (iinguqu) kwiichromosomes okanye kwiigenes ezithile. Nje ukuba uhlobo lwe-AML lwaziwe, kulula koogqirha ukuba bagqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olunokuthi lunyange i-AML. Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezithile ezenziwayo ngale njongo zezi:

• I-Immunohistochemistry: Kule nto, iiseli ziyadaywa kwaye zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Indlela yokudaywa iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiikhemikhali ezikhoyo kwiiseli.
• I-Flow cytometry.
• Uvavanyo lweKaryotype.
• I-Fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH): Oku kunokubona utshintsho kwii-chromosomes.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-AML?

Iindlela zonyango ziquka i-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kulo (kuquka unyango lwe-monoclonal antibody), okanye ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem. Iindlela zonyango ezifanayo ziyafumaneka kubantu abadala nakubantwana. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukufezekisa ukukhululwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-AML.Kwi-AML, 'unyango olupheleleyo' luthetha ukuba inani legazi lakho liqhelekile xa kuvavanyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba oogqirha abanakubona naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza xa bejonga isampuli yomongo wakho wethambo phantsi kwemakroskopu.

I-Chemotherapy ye-AML

Kukho amanqanaba amathathu aphambili e-chemotherapy ye-AML - ukuqaliswa, ukuhlanganiswa, kunye nokugcinwa.

Unyango lokungenisa ukukhululwa kwesisu

Eli linyathelo lokuqala lokususa i-AML ngokupheleleyo. Unyango luhlala luthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa. Abanye abantu banokufuna imijikelo emibini okanye ngaphezulu yolu nyango lokuqala ukuze basuse i-AML ngokupheleleyo. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa la mayeza alandelayo e-chemotherapy kolu nyango lokuqala:

• I-Cytarabine (iCytosar-U®)
• I-Daunorubicin (i-Cerubidine®)
• I-Idarubicin (Idamycin®)
• I-Azacitidine (iVidaza®)
• I-Decitabine (iDacogen®)
• IGlasdegib (Daurismo®)
• IVenetoclax (iVenclexta®, iVenclyxto®)

Ngokutsho kweengcali, olu nyango lokuqala:

• Ngaphezulu kwama-60% abantwana kunye nabantu abaselula bayachacha.
• Malunga nama-75% abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphantsi bayachacha.
• Malunga nama-50% abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala bayachacha.

Unyango lokudibanisa

Unyango lokudibanisa lusetyenziselwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza (ukuphinda ubuye). Uninzi lwabantu lunikwa idosi ephezulu ye-cytarabine (Ara-C) okanye i-HiDAC iintsuku ezintlanu inyanga nganye kangangeenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine.

Unyango lolondolozo

Uninzi lwexesha, i-AML iyanyangeka ngonyango lokudibanisa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba kuqhutyekwe ne-chemotherapy ngeedosi eziphantsi. Unyango lokulungisa lunokuqhubeka iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Amayeza e-chemotherapy asetyenziselwa unyango lokulungisa anokubandakanya:

• I-Azacitidine (iVidaza®)
• I-Decitabine (iDacogen®)
• I-Midostaurin (Rydapt®)

Unyango olujoliswe kulo

Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu nyango lujolise kwiinguqu ezithile zemfuza kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ngokujolise kwezi nguqu, iiseli zomhlaza ziyayeka ukukhula. Unyango lwe-antibody ye-monoclonal lukwaluhlobo lonyango olujoliswe kulo. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa unyango olujoliswe kulo ukunyanga i-AML engaphendulanga kwi-chemotherapy okanye ebuye yabuya:

• Oogqirha banokusebenzisa amayeza e-chemotherapy iMidostaurin (Rydapt®) okanye iGilteritinib (Xospata®) ukunyanga izigulane ze-AML ezine-FTL3 gene mutation. Olu tshintsho lufumaneka kwi-25% ukuya kwi-30% yabantu abane-AML.
• I-Enasidenib (IDHIFA®) okanye i-Ivosidenib (Tibsovo®) ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abane-AML ngenxa yotshintsho kwi-X gene yabo.

Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem ze-allogeneic

Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem ze-allogeneic kusebenzisa iiseli ze-stem ezivela kumntu onxulumene naye okanye onganxulumananga naye. Oogqirha banokufumana ezi seli ze-stem kwi-bone marrow, igazi elingaphandle, okanye igazi le-cord (igazi eliqokelelwe kwi-umbilical cord emva kokuzalwa).

Iingxaki zonyango okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Phantse zonke iindlela zonyango lomhlaza zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kwi-AML, ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kuneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu. I-chemotherapy inokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelosuppression, oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa linani eliqhelekileyo leeseli zegazi kunye neeplatelets. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango olujoliswe kulo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiyeza elisetyenzisiweyo.

Ukuqonda iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kubalulekile ukuze wazi ukuba unyango lomhlaza luza kuyichaphazela njani impilo yakho yemihla ngemihla. Ugqirha wakho ngoyena mntu ulungileyo onokumazi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwakho. Abanye abantu banokungenelwa kunyango lokudambisa iintlungu ukunceda ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ngaba i-AML inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Okwangoku, ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokunyanga ngokupheleleyo i-acute myeloid leukemia. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem njengonyango lwakho lokuqala lwe-AML. Okanye, ukuba i-AML yakho ibuya kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12, olu nyango lunokucetyiswa. Ngelishwa, ayinguye wonke umntu ofanelekileyo ukufakelwa iiseli ze-stem.

Ithini i-prognosis ye-AML?

Xa kuthethwa ngokubikezela kwangaphambili kwe-acute myeloid leukemia, kukho iinkalo ezimbini. Enye kukubuyela umva ngokupheleleyo. Enye kukubuyela umva, apho i-AML iphinda ivele khona.

• Lilonke, kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwama-50% nama-80% abantu abane-acute myeloid leukemia baya kuphila ngokupheleleyo emva konyango. Abantwana kunye nabantu abangaphantsi kwama-60 banamathuba amaninzi okuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Olu kuphila lunokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka.
• Malunga nama-50% abantu abaphila ngokupheleleyo baya kuba ne-AML kwakhona. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, oogqirha banokucebisa i-chemotherapy eyongezelelweyo okanye ukufakelwa i-stem cell. Banokucebisa nokuba bathathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-AML, buza ugqirha wakho ngento onokuyilindela.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwezigulane ezine-AML?

I-Acute myeloid leukemia sisifo esintsonkothileyo. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-AML, kunzima ukunika ingqikelelo echanekileyo.

Umzekelo, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 liyi-67%. Kodwa ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantwana abane-APL subtype lingaphezulu kwama-80%. Ubudala nabo budlala indima. Ngokomyinge, ama-30% abantu abadala abane-AML baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banayo le ngxaki. Khumbula, i-AML idla ngokukhula kubantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu, kwaye abanokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba la mazinga okusinda abonisa amava amaqela amakhulu abantu abane-AML. Le datha ibandakanya amazinga okusinda ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2018, kwaye ngoku kukho unyango olutsha nolusebenzayo ngakumbi lwe-AML.

Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ixesha oza kuhlala ngalo ne-acute myeloid leukemia. Oku kuthetha ukuba oogqirha bakho, abayaziyo imbali yakho yezonyango kunye nempilo yakho iyonke, ngabona bantu bafanelekileyo ukuba bazi ngale nto.

Ngaba i-AML ingathintelwa?

Hayi, i-acute myeloid leukemia ayinakuthintelwa. Nangona iingcali zisazi ukuba i-AML ibangelwa ziinguqu zemfuza, azazi ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Kodwa ziyazi ngezinto ezinokubangela i-AML. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko onokuzitshintsha:

• Ukutshaya: Oku kuquka ukutshaya kwabantu abatshayayo. Ukuba uyatshaya, zama ukuyeka. Ukuba uhlala okanye usebenza nomntu otshayayo, zama ukunciphisa ixesha olichitha naye xa etshaya.
• Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwiikhemikhali ezithile ezibangela umhlaza: ingakumbi i-benzene kunye ne-formaldehyde. Ukuba usebenzisa ezi khemikhali zibangela umhlaza, thatha zonke iindlela zokhuseleko, njengokunxiba impahla yokuzikhusela.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? (Ukuzinyamekela)

Ukuphila nomhlaza onokubuya akulula. Ukujoyina iinkqubo zokusinda kumhlaza yenye indlela onokuzinyamekela ngayo. Usenokungakwazi ukuthintela i-acute myeloid leukemia ukuba ingabuyi. Kodwa ungathatha amanyathelo okuhlala usempilweni kangangoko, nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Unyango lwe-acute myeloid leukemia lunokuchaphazela ukutya kwakho.Kufuneka utye kakuhle ukuze uhlale unamandla. Ukuba unengxaki yokutya, thetha nogqirha wezondlo.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-AML zinokuba nzima ukuzilawula. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango lokuthomalalisa.
• Umhlaza yimeko ebangela uxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukuzilolonga kunokukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo. Kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo entsha yokuzilolonga enzima.
• Umhlaza unokukwenza uzive unesizungu. I-AML sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Usenokuziva unexhala malunga nokuthetha ngemeko yakho. Ukuba kunjalo, cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso.
• I-acute myeloid leukemia ingakwenza uzive udiniwe kakhulu. Unyango lunokukuncitshisa amandla. Khumbula ukulala ngokwaneleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Uza kubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, ingakumbi ukuba ufumana unyango lolondolozo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokuba ziimpawu zokuba i-AML yakho iyabuya. Oku kuya kukunceda wazi ukuba uqhagamshelana nini naye ukuze ufumane unyango olutsha okanye olongezelelweyo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba une-AML, ungathanda ukuzibuza le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-AML endinalo?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinokukhetha kuzo?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ndingazilawula njani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Loluphi unyango olufunekayo emva konyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiqaphele iimpawu zeengxaki?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi endifanele ndiziqwalasele?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga ochaphazela umongo wakho wethambo kunye negazi. I-AML idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kodwa inokuchaphazela nabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci. Ngenxa yonyango olutsha, abantu abaninzi ngoku baphila ne-AML emva konyango. Nangona umhlaza ungabuya, abaphandi bezonyango bayaqhubeka nokuphanda iindlela zokunyanga i-AML ebuyayo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-acute myeloid leukemia, nisenokuziva ngathi niphoswe emhlabeni oqinileyo naya elwandle olungaqinisekanga. Nisenokuzibuza ukuba unyango luza kuzisa isiqabu na. Ukuba kunjalo, nisenokukhathazeka malunga nokuba eso siqabu siza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Oogqirha bakho bayaqonda indlela oziva ngayo. Baza kuba nawe njengoko ujongene nemingeni ye-AML. Ngoko ke hlala uqinile kwaye ungathandabuzi ukufumana uncedo olufunayo.

I- Acute myeloid leukemia, i-AML, umhlaza wegazi, umongo wamathambo, iimpawu, i-chemotherapy, ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem