Ukwamkelwa komntwana: Iinyaniso ezibalulekileyo zonyango ekufuneka uzazi | Nirogi Lanka

Ngaba ucinga ngokuthatha umntwana okanye mhlawumbi unomdla nje ngale nkqubo? Nokuba kunjalo, luxanduva oluhle kakhulu nolubalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkalo ebalulekileyo yezonyango kolu hambo efanele ingqwalaselo yakho. Ngamafutshane, ukuthatha umntwana okanye umntwana ongengomntwana yinkqubo yentlalo, yeemvakalelo, neyomthetho evumela umntwana ongenakho ukukhuliswa ngabazali bakhe ukuba abe lilungu losapho olutsha, emnika uthando nokhuseleko alufaneleyo.

Zininzi iindlela zokuthatha umntwana abe ngowakho. Umzekelo, kukho "ukuthathwa kwabantwana ngokukhululekileyo," apho unxibelelana nabazali bomntwana, kunye "nokuthathwa kwabantwana ngokuvaliweyo," apho kungekho lwazi lwabelwana ngalo. Ungathabatha umntwana omnye okanye iqela labazalwana noodade; inene, akukho kuthathwa kwabantwana ababini okufanayo. ESri Lanka, uhlala ulandela ukuthathwa kwabantwana ngeSebe leeNkonzo zoVavanyo kunye noKhathalelo lwaBantwana okanye ngenkqubo yenkundla. Kwezinye iimeko, umntwana unokuthathwa lilungu losapho olukhulu, elaziwa ngokuba "ukuthathwa kwabantwana ngokunxulumene nolwalamano."

Ukuba uceba ukuthatha umntwana ongengowakho, uza kusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neengcali ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke ixesha lenkqubo, kuquka:

• Abameli bezomthetho (njengabameli bokuthatha umntwana).
• Iiarhente zentlalo-ntle yabantwana okanye zokuthathwa kwabantwana (ezifana neSebe loVavanyo eSri Lanka).
• Abasebenzi bezentlalo.
• Iingcali zezingane.

Phakathi kwaba, oogqirha babantwana ngamaqabane abalulekileyo anceda iintsapho ukuba zikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zonyango zabantwana abathathwa ngabanye, bejongana nempilo yabo yomzimba, yophuhliso, neyeemvakalelo.

Kutheni ufanele unikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwimpilo yabantwana abakhuliswe ngabanye abantu?

Usenokuzibuza, "Kutheni kugxininiswa kwicala lezonyango kubantwana abamkelweyo?" Nangona bonke abantwana benokujongana nemingeni yempilo, ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba abantwana abamkelweyo banokuba nomngcipheko omkhulu weengxaki ezithile zomzimba, zophuhliso, nezengqondo xa kuthelekiswa noontanga babo.

Nangona ezi ngozi ziyinyani, uthando, izixhobo kunye nenkxaso oyinika umntwana wakho inokumnika amandla okuphumelela nokuchuma, kungakhathaliseki ukuba uphi na umfuzi wezonyango.

Kutheni umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo uphezulu kwabanye abantwana abakhuliswe ngabanye abazali?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Cinga ngokuba abanye abantwana basenokuba abazange bafumane ncedo olufanelekileyo ngexesha lokukhula kwabo kwasekuqaleni—nokuba besesibelekweni okanye besebancinci—ezifana nezi:

• Ukhathalelo lwempilo lwangaphambi kokubeleka nasemva kokubeleka.
• Isondlo esifanelekileyo.
• Iimfuno zomzimba okanye zeemvakalelo (ukukhuthaza uphuhliso).
• Ukukhuselwa kwiityhefu okanye kwiintsholongwane (umz., izifo ezisulelayo ) ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa.

Ukongeza, abantwana abaninzi basenokuba bafumene umvandedwa kwasebuntwaneni, owaziwa ngokuba yi- Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) . Ezi ziziganeko ezibangela usizi kakhulu ezinokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo neyomzimba yomntwana ixesha elide. Imizekelo ye-ACE ibandakanya:

• Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokungahoywa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, okanye ngokwesondo.
• Ukuchanabeka kubundlobongela basekhaya okanye ekuhlaleni.
• Ukungabi namakhaya, ukufuduka rhoqo, okanye imeko-bume yekhaya engazinzile.
• Abanakekeli abangaguquguqukiyo, ukuba nabanakekeli abaninzi, okanye ukwahlukana kwabazali okanye uqhawulo-mtshato.
• Ukuphila ngexesha leentlekele zemvelo.
• Ukusweleka kwelungu losapho okanye umntu osondeleyo.
• Ukuxhatshazwa .

Uphando lubonisa ukuba la mava okuqala obunzima anokuba nemiphumo ehlala ihleli ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo, kwaye uxinzelelo olungapheliyo olubangelwa yiyo lunokuchaphazela impilo yomzimba yexesha elide.

Iingxaki zempilo ezinokubakho kubantwana abamkelweyo

Makhe sijonge iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo aba bantwana abanokujamelana nazo.

Iimeko zempilo yomzimba

Phakathi kwama-30% nama-80% abantwana abakwindawo yokugcinwa kwabantwana abangengobazali babo banemeko enye yempilo yomzimba, malunga nama-33% bahlala benemeko yempilo engapheliyo. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zempilo yomzimba ziquka:

• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula kunye nokungabikho kokutya okunempilo .
• Isifuba .
• Ukutyeba kakhulu .
• Iingxaki zokubona.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuva.
• Iimeko ze-neurological .
• Izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (iiSTI) .
• Iimeko ezingapheliyo ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba bekukho ukungondleki ngaphambili, umntwana wakho usenokuba nokungabikho kwe-iron, i-calcium, kunye ne-vitamin D. Kukwafunyaniswa ukuba malunga nama-20% abantwana abakwindawo yokugcina abantwana abaneengxaki ezinkulu zamazinyo.

Ubunzima beemvakalelo

Ukwahlula umntwana kusapho lwakhe lokuqala nendawo ayiqhelileyo kuyenzakalisa kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantwana abakwindawo yokukhulisa abantwana abasenokuba baye batshintsha rhoqo kubanakekeli nakwindawo ebangqongileyo. Njengoko umntwana wakho edibana nekhaya lakho, ukuqonda le mingeni yeemvakalelo kubalulekile.

Umntwana wakho angabonisa oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuzikhupha eluntwini okanye ukuhlukaniswa.
• Ukucaphuka ngequbuliso okanye ukudubuleka ngokweemvakalelo.
• Ukuziphatha okurhabaxa okanye okuvukelayo.
• Ukukhala okungathuthuzelekiyo.
• Ukubuyela umva kwizakhono ezifundwe ngaphambili (umz., ukuzondla okanye ukucoca).
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto ebezithandwa ngaphambili.

Nangona uhlengahlengiso luthatha ixesha, khumbula ukuba abantwana abaninzi bayalila ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngabanakekeli bangaphambili, abahlobo, kunye nekhaya abaliqhelileyo. Hlala unolwazi malunga nendlela yokuxhasa umntwana wakho kule nguqu. Umonde ubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi ngxaki zeemvakalelo zinzima okanye zihlala ixesha elide, ungathandabuzi ukufuna isikhokelo kugqirha wezingane okanye kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .

Iimeko zempilo yengqondo

Abantwana abaninzi abaye bakhuliswa ngabazali babo baye bajongana nobunzima obukhulu bengqondo, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko wabo weengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezifana nezi:

• Iingxaki zokuxhalaba.
• Iingxaki zokutya.
• Iingxaki zeemvakalelo, ezinje ngokudakumba kunye nokuphambana.
• Ingxaki yoxinzelelo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu (PTSD).

Ukongeza, ulutsha oluye lwakhuliswa ngabazali abangengobazali lusengozini enkulu yokuba neengcamango zokuzibulala kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi xa kuthelekiswa noontanga balo abangazange baye kuloo nkqubo.

Iimeko zokuziphatha

Malunga nama-50% ukuya kuma-75% abantwana abakwindawo yokugcinwa kwabantwana abangengobabo bafumana imingeni yokuziphatha okanye yezakhono zentlalo ezifuna inkxaso yezonyango yobungcali. Ezona meko zichongwa rhoqo ziquka isifo sokungavumi ukuchasana (ODD) kunye nesifo sokungavumelani nokuziphatha.

Ukulimala kwasebuntwaneni, amava amabi, kunye noxinzelelo oluyingozi olungapheliyo lunokuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo.
• Ukuziphatha okunobundlongondlongo.
• Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo.
• Ukungakhathali.
• Ukungxama.

Ezi zinto ziyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womntwana kwimingeni yokuziphatha eqhubekayo.

Iimeko zoPhuhliso

Phakathi kwama-46% nama-60% abantwana abakwindawo yokukhulisa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu ubudala banengxaki yokukhubazeka kokukhula. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Ukulibaziseka kokuthetha.
• Ukulibaziseka kwemisipha (umz., ubunzima bokuqhobosha iihempe okanye ukubamba ipensile).
• Ukulibaziseka okukhulu kwemisipha (umz., imingeni yokubaleka, ukutsiba, okanye ukubamba ibhola).
• Ukukhubazeka ekufundeni okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentlalo-ngokweemvakalelo.

Ezi meko zihlala zivela ngexesha lokukhula kwasekuqaleni kwaye zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla, ngamanye amaxesha ziqhubeke ubomi bomntwana.

Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso lwentetho nolwimi kuxhaphake kakhulu, oku kulandelayo:

• Ingxaki yokucubungula amaza (APD): Ubunzima bokutolika izandi.
• I-Aphasia: Imingeni yokusebenzisa okanye ukuqonda ulwimi.
• I-apraxia yobuntwana yokuthetha: Ubunzima bokucwangcisa imisipha echaphazela izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze kuthethwe.
• I-Dysarthria: Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha okubangelwa kubuthathaka bemisipha, okukhokelela ekungacacini kakuhle kwendlela yokuthetha.

Ingxaki yokunqongophala kwengqalelo/yokusebenza kakhulu (i-ADHD) ikwayimeko exhaphakileyo yophuhliso lwengqondo phakathi kwabantwana abakhuliswa ngabazali babo.

Izinto Eziqwalaselwayo Ngonyango Ngokuthathwa Kwabantwana Ngamazwe Ngamazwe

Ukuba ufuna ukwamkelwa ngumzali kwilizwe liphela, qaphela ukuba abantwana banokujamelana namathuba aphezulu okuba neengxaki zempilo yomzimba kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula. Izifo ezosulelayo kunye nokunqongophala kokutya kudla ngokuba ziingxaki eziphambili ezijongwa ngoogqirha xa umntwana efika. Phantse bonke abantwana abamkelwe kwilizwe liphela bafumana ubuncinane ukulibaziseka kokukhula kanye, malunga nesiqingatha sabo sibonisa ukulibaziseka kokukhula kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukufumana iirekhodi zonyango kwamanye amazwe kunokuba nzima, njengoko amaxwebhu esenokungaphelelanga okanye angachanekanga. Ekubeni amazwe amaninzi elandela iishedyuli ezahlukeneyo zokugonya, kubalulekile ukuphonononga ezi rekhodi nogqirha wezingane ukuze ubone ukuba kukho naluphi na ugonyo olungekhoyo. Ukuba uceba ukwamkelwa kwamanye amazwe, thetha neengcali malunga neemfuno ezithile zempilo kunye nemingcipheko enxulumene nelizwe lokuzalwa komntwana ukuze ukwazi ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuqwalasela impilo-ntle yoSapho

Njengoko wamkela ilungu elitsha ekhayeni lakho, cinga ngempilo-ntle yosapho lwakho olukhoyo. Thetha neengcali zokwamkela umntwana ngendlela yokunceda usapho lwakho luqhelane kakuhle. Buza ngeempawu zokhuphiswano okanye umona phakathi kwabazalwana okanye amaqabane kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unikela ixesha lakho kumntwana ngamnye.

Ukongeza, njengoko uqhubeka nenkqubo yokwamkelwa komntwana, unokufumana ukudinwa ngumonde —ukudinwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo nangokwengqondo okwenzekayo xa unikela amandla akho kwimpilo nokhuseleko lwabanye. Ukuze uncede usapho lwakho luhambe kolu tshintsho, cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso okanye ukuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Musa ukuthandabuza ukuthembela kubantu obathandayo obathembayo ukuze bakunike inkxaso.

Yintoni Omele Uyazi Ngempilo Yomntwana Ngaphambi Kokuba Athathwe Ngumntwana Wakho?

Ngaphambi—okanye ngokukhawuleza emva—kokuthatha umntwana, zama ukuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi lwezonyango kangangoko unako. Kusenokufuneka uqhagamshelane nala mayeza:

• I-arhente yakho yokuthathwa komntwana okanye inkqubo yokhathalelo lwabantwana abangengobakhe.
• Igqwetha lakho lokuthathwa komntwana.
• Abazali bomntwana okanye usapho lwakhe (ukuba kunokwenzeka).
• Iinkqubo zesibhedlele kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo zonyango bangaphambili okanye bangoku bomntwana.
• Isikolo somntwana samanje okanye esangaphambili.

Ulwazi olubalulekileyo ekufuneka ulufune luquka:

• Iimeko zangoku okanye zangaphambili zomzimba, zengqondo, zophuhliso, okanye zokuziphatha, kuquka ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye notyando.
• Iirekhodi zokuzalwa, ezinje ngobudala bokukhulelwa, ubunzima bokuzalwa, ubude, ukujikeleza kwentloko, kunye nazo naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ukuzalwa.
• Iitshathi zokukhula (ubunzima, ubude, umjikelo wentloko).
• Ukubhalwa kwamaxwebhu eziganeko ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso.
• I-allergies eyaziwayo.
• Amayeza akhoyo ngoku.
• Iirekhodi zokugonywa.
• Ukuchanabeka kwizifo ezisulelayo.
• Iirekhodi zombono kunye namazinyo.
• Imbali yokungondleki kakuhle okanye ubunzima bokutya.
• Iziphumo zovavanyo lwezonyango (umz., iimvavanyo zemifanekiso, iimvavanyo zegazi).
• Iingxelo malunga nayo nayiphi na imbali yokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwesondo, okanye ngokweemvakalelo, okanye ukungakhathalelwa.
• Imbali yesikolo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezemfundo.
• Imbali yobudlelwane, kuquka ubudlelwane obuqhubekayo okanye ukulahleka kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo.
• Imbali yezonyango yezalamane zomntwana.
• Iimeko zelifa kusapho lwendalo.

Ukuba uthatha umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa okanye umntwana omncinci, ukufumana imbali yokuzalwa kwakhe kunye nolwazi malunga nokukhulelwa kuyanceda kakhulu, kuquka:

• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinxilisayo ngumama, ezinje ngotywala, icuba, intsangu, okanye ii-opioids.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza abhalwe ngugqirha okanye athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukubakho kwezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI) okanye ezinye izifo ezisulelayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuzala, okanye ukuzala.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, ungafumana kuphela olunye lolwazi, okanye kwezinye iimeko, lungafumaneki kangako. Zama ukufumana iimpendulo ezininzi kangangoko unako.

Okufanelekileyo, nika olu lwazi kugqirha wabantwana ngaphambi kokuba umntwana angene kusapho lwakho ukuze afumane isikhokelo sobungcali. Ugqirha wakho angakwazisa ngononophelo umntwana anokulufuna aze akuqondise ngento omawuyilindele. Banokubonelela ngeengcebiso kwiingcali okanye kwiinkonzo zoncedo loluntu ukuze kube lula ukutshintsha kosapho lwakho. Ukuba awukwazi ukubonana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba umntwana athathwe, cwangcisa idinga kwangoko xa umntwana efika ekhaya.

Iyintoni Indima Yoogqirha Bezingane Kwinkqubo Yokwamkelwa Kwabantwana?

Oogqirha babantwana badlala indima ebalulekileyo nexhasayo kwinkqubo yokwamkelwa komntwana. Basebenzisana nawe ukuchonga iimfuno zempilo zomntwana wakho ezahlukeneyo ngelixa bebonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yeemvakalelo edla ngokufunwa ziintsapho ezihamba kuhambo lokwamkelwa komntwana.

Unyango lokuthathwa kwabantwana kunye nokhathalelo lwabantwana abangengobabo lucandelo elikhethekileyo nelitshintshayo kwicandelo lezonyango zabantwana. Ungacela unontlalontle wakho okanye ugqirha oyintloko ukuba akuthumelele kugqirha wabantwana onamava athile kunyango olunxulumene nokuthathwa kwabantwana.

Iimbopheleleko eziphambili zogqirha wakho wezingane ziquka:

• Ukuncedisa ekuqokeleleni nasekutolikeni iirekhodi zonyango lomntwana wakho kunye nembali yakhe.
• Ukubonelela ngovavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango, ukhathalelo lomntwana osempilweni, kunye notyelelo oluyimfuneko lokulandelela.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho unyanyekelwa rhoqo, ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo nehambelana neemfuno zakhe zempilo.
• Ukulungiselela ukuthunyelwa kwiingcali zonyango, ezifana neengcali zengqondo zabantwana, iingcali zentliziyo zabantwana, okanye iingcali zezifo zengqondo zolwimi lokuthetha.
• Ukucebisa izixhobo zexesha elide zokuxhasa umntwana wakho kunye nosapho lwakho.
• Ukunika isikhokelo kwimingeni yohlengahlengiso enokubakho emva kokwamkelwa komntwana.
• Ukucebisa amaqhinga okukhuthaza ulwalamano oluqinileyo, olusempilweni nolukhuselekileyo kusapho lwakho.
• Ukuncedisa ngamaxwebhu eNkqubo yeMfundo yoMntu ngamnye (i-IEP) okanye iSicwangciso se-504 sesikolo somntwana wakho, ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Oko Umele Ukulindele Kutyelelo Lokuqala Lonyango Lomntwana Wakho

Nje ukuba umntwana wakho ajoyine usapho lwakho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba afumane uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwempilo kwiintsuku ezingama-30. Olu vavanyo lukuvumela ukuba uqale ukujongana nemiba yezempilo eyaziwayo kwaye uchonge naziphi na iingxaki ebezingakhange zifunyanwe ngaphambili. Olu tyelelo lokuqala lovavanyo luneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kakhulu kunovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwempilo yomntwana.

Nceda unike ugqirha wakho wabantwana imbali yezonyango yomntwana kangangoko unako. Ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana wakho kunye nempilo yakhe iyonke, ugqirha wakho angenza olu vavanyo ngotyelelo olunye okanye acebise uthotho lwee-aphoyintimenti ukuze agqibezele uvavanyo olupheleleyo.

Olu vavanyo ludla ngokuquka:

• Ukuqinisekiswa kunye nengcaciso yezifo ezikhoyo zonyango.
• Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba.
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological.
• Uvavanyo oluhambelana nobudala, olufana neephaneli zovavanyo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, uvavanyo lokuva, lombono, lwamazinyo, kunye novavanyo lokuziphatha okanye lophuhliso.
• Ukuhlolwa kweengxaki zempilo ezingakhange zibonwe ngaphambili.
• Iingxoxo malunga nazo naziphi na iingxaki zophuhliso okanye zokuziphatha.
• Uhlolo lwemeko yokugonywa komntwana wakho.
• Ukudluliselwa kwabanye ababoneleli beenkonzo zempilo kunye neengcali xa kufuneka.

Uvavanyo

Ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwabo lokuqala, ugqirha wakho wezingane unokucebisa uvavanyo oluthile lokuxilonga. Oku kungabandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomchamo, okanye izifundo zomfanekiso. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela umsebenzi wegazi ukuqinisekisa amanqanaba omzimba womntwana wakho okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba banolwazi oluchanekileyo ngemigonyo efunekayo.

Uvavanyo lwezeMpilo yengqondo

Iingcali zicebisa ukuba abantwana abakwindawo yokunyamekela abantwana abangakhuliswanga bahlolwe impilo yengqondo zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama-30 emva kokujoyina ikhaya lakho. Okufanelekileyo kukuba, oku kufanele kwenziwe yingcali yempilo yengqondo yabantwana eqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kunyango olusekelwe kwiziganeko zoxinzelelo.

Ulungiselela Njani Ukwamkelwa Kwabanye?

Inkqubo yokwamkelwa komntwana ibandakanya amalungiselelo abanzi kunye namanyathelo aliqela. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokwamkelwa komntwana, kubalulekile ukuqonda inyani yokuzisa umntwana kusapho lwakho, ngakumbi malunga nempilo-ntle ebandakanyekayo.

Cinga ngokuzibuza le mibuzo ibalulekileyo:

• Zithini izizathu zakho zokwamkela umntwana? Ngaba ukulungele ngokwenene oku kuzibophelela ubomi bakho bonke?
• Ngaba ungamnika umntwana indawo enothando, ekhutheleyo nezinzileyo?
• Ngaba unako ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zenkxaso ezifunekayo kunye neenkqubo zonyango?
• Ngaba ukulungele ukumela impilo nentlalo-ntle yomntwana wakho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezikolo okanye iinkqubo zonyango?
• Ingaba wena nosapho lwakho nikulungele ukufunda ngeemfuno zomntwana wenu zomzimba, zengqondo, nezophuhliso?
• Ngaba unenkxaso enamandla yabahlobo nosapho onokuthembela kubo?

Njengakwinto yonke ebomini, awunakukwazi ukuqikelela ikamva okanye wazi ngqo ukuba ubomi buza kwenzeka njani nelungu elitsha losapho. Nangona kunjalo, ngokugcina ulindelo oluyinyani kunye nokulungiselela ngokupheleleyo, unokulawula ngempumelelo utshintsho lwakho kwaye wakhe indawo ekhuselekileyo nexhasayo yosapho lwakho.

Ukwamkelwa komntwana luhambo olunzima, lomntu, noluneemvakalelo ezinzulu kubo bonke ababandakanyekayo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo kukuqonda nokulungiselela iimfuno zempilo ezikhethekileyo zelungu lakho elitsha losapho. Khumbula ukuba ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho lilitye lesiseko leqela lakho lenkxaso yokwamkelwa komntwana, kwaye bakhona ukukunceda unikezele ngononophelo olungcono kakhulu kumntwana wakho—nakuwe.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Ukuthatha umntwana njengowakho luxanduva olubalulekileyo nolunzulu. Ukubeka impilo yomntwana wakho kwindawo yokuqala yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yale mbopheleleko.

• Hlala unolwazi: Funda ngeengxaki ezithile zempilo, ingqondo, ukuziphatha, kunye nophuhliso ezinokuchaphazela abantwana abakhuliswe ngabanye.
• Qokelela ulwazi: Qokelela ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko malunga nembali yezonyango kunye neyosapho lomntwana wakho.
• Sebenzisa inkxaso yogqirha wabantwana: Yakha ubudlelwane nogqirha wabantwana onamava kwasekuqaleni; baya kuba ngomnye wabameli bakho abakhulu.
• Umonde nothando: Nika umntwana wakho ixesha lokuziqhelanisa nendawo entsha kunye nosapho lwakhe. Khokela ngomonde, uthando, nokuqonda.
• Zikhathalele: Impilo yakho yomzimba nengqondo ibalulekile ngeli xesha lohambo. Funa uncedo nanini na xa ulufuna.

Khumbula, uthando, inkathalo, kunye nenkxaso oyinikayo ziziseko apho ikamva lomntwana wakho kunye nokuphiliswa kwakhe kwakhelwe khona.

INirogi Lanka: ukuthathwa komntwana, impilo yomntwana, ulwazi lwezonyango, ukhathalelo lwabantwana, impilo yengqondo, imiba yophuhliso