Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokuyeka utywala ngequbuliso? (Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome)

Uyazi, abanye abantu abasele utywala ixesha elide baze ngequbuliso bayeke ukusela okanye banciphise ukusela kwabo, banengxaki enkulu. Oku kungakhululeki, emzimbeni nasengqondweni, yinto esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, okanye into ebizwa ngokuba yi-" Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome". Oku kungavakala kakubi kakhulu, kodwa ukuba uyazi, kulula ukufumana uncedo.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Alcohol Removal Syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, le yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo xa ngequbuliso uyeka ukusela utywala okanye unciphisa kakhulu indlela osela ngayo emva kokuba usele ixesha elide. Oku kuqhelekile ukubonwa kubantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala (AUD).

Le meko inokuba qatha kancinci ukuya kwembi kwabanye abantu. Eyona meko imbi kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Delirium Tremens)`. Iyingozi kancinci, kwaye siza kuthetha ngayo kamva.

Khawucinge nje, umzimba wakho uqhele utywala. Xa buphela ngequbuliso, kufana nomzimba oxhalabileyo, uthi, "Owu, kwenzeka ntoni kum?"

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Malunga nama-50% abantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala (`AUD`) bafumana olu hlobo lobunzima xa beyeka okanye benciphisa utywala. Kwanakwilizwe elifana ne-United States, ``AUD`` yingxaki eqhelekileyo kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala kwiiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezingama-24 emva kokuba usele isiselo sakho sokugqibela. Iimpawu zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kwaye zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali besifo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo, ukusuka kwezona zimbi kakhulu ukuya kwezona zimbi kakhulu:

• Intloko ebuhlungu: Ayisiyo nje intloko eqhelekileyo, kodwa inzima ngakumbi.
• Ukucaphuka, ukungazinzi, okanye ukucaphuka: Ukuziva unomsindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, uzive uxhalabile.
• Ukungalali: Awunakulala nokuba uzama ukulala, kwaye kufuneka ujike ujike.
• Ukubila kakhulu: Okungaphezulu kokubila nje ngenxa yobushushu.
• Isisu esibuhlungu: Usenokuziva ngathi uza kuhlanza okanye isisu sakho sisenokuziva ngathi siyajika.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo: Ukuziva ngathi isifuba sakho siyabetha ngamandla.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukunyuka kobushushu bomzimba (iHyperthermia).
• Ukungcangcazela kwezandla okanye ezinye iindawo zomzimba: Oku kufana nemeko abantu abaninzi abayaziyo njenge "shakes".
• Ukudideka:Kunzima ukwazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni okanye ukuba ukuphi.
• Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo ('Iingcamango Ezingabonakaliyo'): Ukubona izinto okanye ukuva izandi ezingekhoyo. Khawuthelekelele indlela elo mava ebeya koyikisa ngayo.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukuphambana kwengqondo: Olu luphawu olukhulu lwesi sifo sikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, i-Delirium Tremens. Lubi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneempawu ezinjalo, ingakumbi eziqatha (ezifana nokudideka, ukuxhuzula, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo), yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911. Asinto yokuyithatha lula le.

Zibonakala njani ezi mpawu? Ngaba ziyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha?

Ubunzima kunye nobude bezi mpawu ziyahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa ixesha eliqhelekileyo lilandelayo:

• Phakathi kweeyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 emva kokusela okokugqibela: Iimpawu ezincinci ezifana neentloko ebuhlungu, ixhala elincinci, kunye nokungalali ziqala ukubonakala.
• Kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokusela utywala okokugqibela: Ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, unokufumana imibono engekho ngqiqweni .
• Phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-72 emva kokusela okokugqibela: Kwabaninzi, ingakumbi abo baneempawu ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi, iimpawu ziya zifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu (oko kukuthi, zifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu) zize ziqale ukuncipha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezinzima okanye ezinzima, usengozini enkulu yokufutha phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 emva kokusela kwakho kokugqibela . I-"Delirium Tremens" eyoyikekayo inokwenzeka phakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 ukuya kuma-72 emva kokusela kwakho kokugqibela.

Kwabanye abantu, ezi mpawu (umz., ukungalali kakuhle, ukutshintsha kweemvakalelo) zinokuhlala iiveki, kwaneenyanga. Ngoko ke kungcono ukufumana isisombululo ngokukhawuleza.

Ezi ngxaki zinokuthatha ixesha elingakanani?

Iimpawu zihlala zimbi kakhulu emva kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-72 emva kokusela okokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezinye iimpawu zinokuhlala iiveki.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Yintoni unobangela?

Le yinyaniso yesayensi kancinci, kodwa mandiyibeke ngokulula. Le meko yenzeka xa usela utywala kakhulu kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini uze ngequbuliso uyeke okanye unciphise ubungakanani. (Kukho inkcazo yokuba yintoni ethetha ukusela kakhulu, kodwa inokwahluka kancinci kumntu nomntu.)

Utywala (`i-Ethanol`) sisithomalalisi (sinciphisa isantya) somsebenzi we -`Central Nervous System` (CNS) yethu – oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Xa uqhubeka usela utywala kakhulu, i-`(CNS)` yakho iyaqhelana nokuhla kwesantya. Ke ngoko, i-`(CNS)` kufuneka isebenze nzima ukulwa nemiphumo yotywala ukuze iqhubeke neminye imisebenzi yomzimba.

Ngoku cinga ngento eyenzekayo xa ngequbuliso uyeka ukusela utywala. Xa utywala obukuthomalalisa buphelile, i-CNS ayikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nayo. Iyavuya kakhulu , kuba akukho tywala bokuyilawula okanye bokuyithomalalisa. Loo msindo ugqithisileyo yiwo obangela iimpawu zokurhoxa. Ifana nentwasahlobo ebanjwe ngokuqinileyo ize itsibe ngequbuliso.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana le meko?

Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba ngubani oza kuyifumana le nto, ngubani ongayi kuyifumana, kwaye ukuba bayayifumana, kuya kuba nzima kangakanani.

Asinguye wonke umntu ofanayo. Kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela oku:

• Ikhemistri yomzimba wakho.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Nokuba unayo nayiphi na enye ingxaki yomzimba okanye yengqondo.
• Amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo.
• Nokuba usebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi kunye notywala.

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba neempawu eziqatha zokuyekisa utywala . Ezi ziquka:

• Ukusela utywala kakhulu imihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala.
• Ukuba nembali ye-`(Delirium Tremens)` yangaphambili okanye isifo sokuwa esibangelwa kukuyeka utywala.
• Ukuba nezinye izifo ezingapheliyo.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte.
• Ezinye izilonda zobuchopho.
• Ukusebenza kwesibindi okungaqhelekanga.

Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?

Oogqirha baxilonga esi sifo (i-Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome) ngokusekelwe koku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba.
• Iimpawu zakho.
• Imbali yakho yokusebenzisa utywala.
• Imbali yakho yonke yezonyango.

Kubalulekile: Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho inyani malunga nokusebenzisa kwakho utywala – kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iziyobisi ozisebenzisayo – ukuze akwazi ukukunika unyango olungcono. Ukuxoka kunokuyenza ingxaki ibe mandundu.

Ugqirha wakho angayalela uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne -electrocardiogram (EKG) ukujonga impilo yakho iyonke. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusebenzisa utywala kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo. Umzekelo:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokungalingani kwetyuwa.
• Ukulimala emzimbeni.
• Iintsholongwane.
• Iingxaki zesibindi.
• Isifo sentliziyo.
• Ukopha kwamathumbu (GI).

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Kukho iinjongo ezintathu eziphambili zokunyanga iimpawu zokurhoxa kotywala:

1.Ukunciphisa iimpawu zokurhoxa.

2. Ukuphepha iingxaki ezifana nokuqunjelwa.

3. Ukuthunyelwa kunyango lwexesha elide ngenxa yengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala (`AUD`).

Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani na kwaye zinokuba mandundu kangakanani.

Unyango lweempawu ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi

Kwiimeko ezinje, oogqirha badla ngokunika amayeza exesha elifutshane ukulawula iimpawu.

• Ukuba iimpawu azikho qatha kakhulu kwaye akukho mngcipheko wokuba zibe mandundu, ugqirha angakunika amayeza anjenge ``Carbamazepine`` okanye ``Gabapentin`` ukulawula iimpawu.
• Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezilinganiselweyo, ii-benzodiazepines (umz., i-chlordiazepoxide, i-diazepam, i-lorazepam) okanye ii-barbiturates (umz., i-phenobarbital) zezona zikhetho zokuqala zokuthintela ukuxhuzula kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko we-delirium tremens. La mayeza kufuneka athathwe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha.

Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka nangona usebenzisa la mayeza, ugqirha wakho unokuthi:

• Amayeza anjenge -beta-blockers okanye i-clonidine yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhubekayo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
• Nciphisa iminqweno yotywala nge `(Carbamazepine)` okanye `(Gabapentin)`.

Ukongeza, unyango olongezelelweyo lunokunikwa, njengokunika i-saline (IV fluids) yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukulungisa ukungalingani kwetyuwa, kunye nokunika amayeza okuhlanza ukuba kuyenzeka.

Unyango lweempawu ezinzima okanye ezintsonkothileyo

Le yimeko efuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele, ngamanye amaxesha kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ICU) . Ngelixa ukwimeko enjalo, oogqirha baya kukubeka esweni rhoqo ukuze babone ukuba akukho na iingxaki ezisongela ubomi ezinokubakho.

Ii-benzodiazepines ezisebenza ixesha elide - ezidla ngokunikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi - lolona nyango luphambili lweempawu ezinzima.

Ukongeza, kunokufuneka olunye unyango kwiingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene noko.

Unyango lwengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala (`AUD`)

Ngelixa unyanga iimpawu zokurhoxa, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ufune unyango lwengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala (`AUD`) . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zokunyanga i-AUD. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziquka indibaniselwano ye-psychotherapy yamaqela kunye namayeza . Ugqirha wakho unokukunika ulwazi malunga nezi nkqubo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva kwale meko? Ngaba iya kuba ngcono?

Okwenzekayo emva koko (ukuxela kwangaphambili) kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekubeni iimpawu zinzima kangakanani.

• Uninzi lwabantu abaneempawu ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi abayi kuphinda bafakwe esibhedlele.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezinzima okanye ezintsonkothileyo, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ixesha elide, mhlawumbi nakwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU).

Ungalibali: I-Delirium Tremens yimeko esongela ubomi . Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yabantu abafumana le ngxaki bayafa. Ngoko ke musa ukuyithatha lula.

Ngaba oku akunakuthintelwa?

Iindlela eziphambili zokuthintela le meko zezi:

1. Ukuzikhwebula ngokupheleleyo ekusebenziseni utywala.

2. Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala (`AUD`), funa uncedo lweengcali ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kungcono.

Iimpawu zokurhoxa etywaleni zizinto ezinobungozi nezinobungozi ezibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kotywala. Nokuba uneempawu ezingephi, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba ezi mpawu ziya kuba qatha kangakanani ekuqaleni.

Ukuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala kwaye ufuna uncedo lokuchacha kuyo, ugqirha angakuthumela kwizixhobo nakwiinkqubo zokulungisa imeko yakho ezinokukunceda. Khumbula, ugqirha wakho ukhona ukukunceda, hayi ukukugweba.

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kweli bali?

Ngamafutshane, ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubusele utywala ixesha elide aze ngequbuliso aqalise ukuba neempawu ezingaqhelekanga (ukusuka kwintloko ebuhlungu ukuya ekuguleni) xa uzama ukuyeka, isenokuba yi-"Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome". Ayisiyonto yokuba neentloni okanye ufihle.

Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima (ezifana nokudideka, ukuxhuzula, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo). Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, le meko inokulawulwa. Kububulumko ukufumana uncedo lokoyisa umlutha wakho wotywala. Awuwedwa, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda.

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