Ngaba uyazazi ngokwenene ezi 'ziinkozo' ziyingozi? Makhe sithethe ngazo ngokweenkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha weva igama elithi 'inhalants'? Mhlawumbi ukhe weva umhlobo okanye ilungu losapho lithetha ngazo. Zithini kanye kanye ezi? Uyazi ukuba ziyingozi kangakanani? Abantwana abancinci badla ngokuwela kulo mgibe uyingozi ngenxa yokungazi. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi 'inhalants', iziphumo zazo, kunye nendlela yokuhlala ukhuselekile kuzo, kulungile?

Zithini ezi 'zifunxi-moya'?

Ngamafutshane, izinto ezifuthwayo ziikhemikhali abantu abazifutha ngeempumlo zabo ukuze bafumane umoya ophezulu okanye ophezulu. Ziyingozi kakhulu. Inyani yile, ezi khemikhali zihlala zifumaneka kwizinto zasekhaya zemihla ngemihla okanye emsebenzini. Umsi eziwukhuphayo yiwo osetyenziswa ngolu hlobo. Xa ufutha le msi, oko kukuthi, xa uyifutha ngempumlo yakho, ifikelela ngokukhawuleza engqondweni yakho ize idale loo 'moya uphezulu' endiwukhankanyileyo. Kodwa ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa, zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu, engenakuguqulwa. Ukonakala kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kunye ne-coma, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa.

Sikwaphefumla nezinye izinto, ezifana namayeza athile. Kodwa 'iinhalants' zisetyenziswa ngokukodwa ukubhekisa kwizinto ezinokuphefumlelwa kuphela. Abanye abantu basebenzisa amagama anje 'ukufutha', 'ukufaka ingxowa', kunye 'nokudusta' ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwazo.

Uzisebenzisa njani ezi zinto?

Abantu abasebenzisa izinto zokufutha bazifutha ngeempumlo okanye ngomlomo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Cinga ngako,

• Abanye abantu baphefumla umphunga ngqo ngeempumlo zabo besebenzisa ibhotile, itini, okanye isixhobo sokukhupha amanzi.
• Izitshizi ze-aerosol zitshizwa ngqo empumlweni okanye emlonyeni.
• Ilaphu elifakwe kwikhemikhali libanjwa emlonyeni okanye empumlweni lize liphefumlelwe.

Abanye bafaka ezi zinto kwibhaluni okanye kwingxowa yeplastiki baze bazinuke. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"bagging." Abanye abantu bazikhuhla kwiikhola zeehempe zabo okanye ezingalweni zabo baze bazinuke kancinci. Ukuphakama kwezifutho kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ngoko ke, abantu abazisebenzisayo bayaqhubeka bezinuke kangangeeyure ukuze bandise ulonwabo. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu.

Ngoobani abathandwa kakhulu kwezi zinto?

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantwana kunye nabantu abancinci baphendukela kwezi 'zifunxi-moya'. Isizathu soku kukuba ezi zinto kulula kakhulu ukuzifumana, kwaye bayazama ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise ezinye iziyobisi. Ngokwesiqhelo, oku kusetyenziswa kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu xa beneminyaka eli-14 ukuya kweli-15 ubudala. Kodwa cinga ngako, kukho iimeko apho abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-6 ubudala basebenzisa ezi zinto.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusetyenziswa kwezifutho zomoya kuyehla xa umntu eneminyaka eli-17 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa ezi ziyobisi de babe badala. Olu setyenziso luxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamakhwenkwe.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-inhalant kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kuxhaphake kakhulu kwabo baye bafumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo
• Ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni
• Uxinzelelo
• Iingcinga zokuzibulala
• Iingxabano zosapho
• Ukuziphatha ngobundlobongela
• Ezinye iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Kwakhona, olu setyenziso luphezulu phakathi kwabantu abanemivuzo ephantsi, abo baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo, abo bahlala emaphandleni, kunye nabo bakwiindawo apho abantu abaninzi abangasebenziyo.

Ziziphi iintlobo zee-inhalants ezikhoyo?

Kukho iimveliso ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 esizisebenzisa yonke imihla emakhayeni ethu nakwiindawo zokusebenza ezinokusetyenziswa njenge "inhalants." Abantu abasebenzisa ezi mveliso batsaleleka kuzo kuba kulula ukuzifumana, azibizi mali ingako, kulula ukuzifihla, kwaye zinokufumaneka ngokusemthethweni. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili "zeenhalants":

• Izinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo
• Ii-aerosols
• Iintlobo zeegesi
• IiNitrites

Ngoku makhe sijonge uhlobo ngalunye kwezi.

Zithini izinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo?

Izinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo zizinto ezingamanzi eziphuma kalula kubushushu begumbi. Zisetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza emakhaya nakwimizi-mveliso. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Izinto zokunciphisa ipeyinti – Ezi zibalulekile xa kupeyintwa izindlu.
• Izisusi zepeyinti – Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukususa ipeyinti endala.
• Izicoci ze-Degreaser - Zisetyenziselwa ukususa ioyile kunye ne-grease.
• Ipetroli – Akukho nto ikhethekileyo enokuthiwa ngayo ngale nto.
• Isamente yerabha
• Ulwelo olukhaphukhaphu
• Iiglue - Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeglue, ezi kulula nokuba abantwana bazifumane.
• Izinto zokususa ipolishi yeenzipho – into efumaneka rhoqo emakhaya.
• Ulwelo lokucoca olomileyo
• Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekulungiseni izinto – izinto ezifana neTipex.
• Iimpawu zefelt ezibonisa iincam – Abanye abantwana bayayisebenzisa le.

Zithini 'ii-Aerosols'?

Ii-aerosols zizinto eziqinileyo okanye ulwelo ezikwitini exinzelelweyo. Ezi zinokukhutshwa njenge-spray. Imizekelo:

• Iipeyinti zokutshiza
• I-deodorant yesitshizi
• Isifutho seenwele
• I-oyile yemifuno yokutshiza
• Isifutho sokukhusela ilaphu

Iigesi zinxulumene njani noku?

Oku kuquka amayeza okubulala iintlungu kwezonyango, kunye neegesi ezifumaneka kwizinto zasekhaya. Imizekelo yemithi yokubulala iintlungu kwezonyango:

• I-Chloroform
• IHalothane
• I-nitrous oxide (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-laughing gas)

Kwezi gesi , i-nitrous oxide yeyona isetyenziswa kakubi kakhulu. Inokufumaneka kwi-whipped cream dispensers nakwii-propellant canisters (ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-whippets). Ikwafumaneka nakwiimveliso ezonyusa inqanaba le-octane kwiimoto zomdyarho. Ikwafumaneka nakwizibane ze-butane zasekhaya, kwiitanki ze-propane, nakwiifriji.

Ngaba ezi ntlobo zibizwa ngokuba yi-``Nitrites`` nazo ziyingozi?

IiNitrites luhlobo lwekhemikhali edityanisiweyo. Zifumaneka kwizicoci zesikhumba, kwiivumba zolwelo, nakwizinto ezisusa ivumba kwigumbi. Zibizwa ngokuba ziipoppers okanye iisnappers. IiNitrites zichaphazela ngqo inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Ziyandisa imithambo yegazi yakho kwaye ziphumze izihlunu ezithambileyo. Ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukuphumza izihlunu ezithambileyo, ziye zathandwa kakhulu njengendlela yokwandisa ukuvuseleleka ngokwesondo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenitrites:

• I-Cyclohexyl nitrite
• I-Isoamyl (amyl) nitrite
• I-Isobutyl (butyl) nitrite

Ngawaphi amanye amagama (`amagama ezitalato`) asetyenziswa koku?

Kukho amagama aliqela e-"Inhalants", asetyenziswa ngokungacwangciswanga. Usenokuba ukhe waweva la magama:

• I-Chromeing
• Igesi/ipetroli
• Iglu/iglu
• UHuff
• Igesi ehlekayo
• Iipoppers
• Ukungxama
• IiSnappers
• Ukukrwela (`Ukukrwela`)
• IiWhippet

Zithini iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zee-inhalants?

Izinto zokuphefumla zichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukeneyo. Zininzi izinto eziya kuqinisekisa indlela ezichaphazela ngayo umzimba wakho:

• Impilo yakho iyonke, ubungakanani bomzimba, kunye nobunzima.
• Nokuba ukhe wasebenzisa la mayeza ngaphambili (oko kukuthi, 'ukunyamezela' komzimba).
• Nokuba ubusebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi ngelo xesha.
• Usebenzisa eli yeza lingakanani?
• Loluphi uhlobo lwesixhobo sokuphefumla osisebenzisayo?
• Indlela ococeke ngayo umoya owuphefumlayo xa ufutha.
• Ubungakanani bomsebenzi womzimba owenzayo ngaphambi nasemva kokuphefumla.

Uninzi lwezinto ezifuthwayo zichaphazela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Oko kukuthi, ziyacothisa ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho. Nazi ezinye zeziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zezinto ezifuthwayo:

• Ukuzimisela ukuthatha umngcipheko ngaphandle koloyiko okanye ukuthandabuza.
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula umzimba.
• Ibali liyabhideka, okanye ligqwetheke.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
• Ukuziva wonwabile kakhulu ('ukuphakama').
• Ukudinwa, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Ubomvu bempumlo, amehlo, nomqala, kunye nempumlo egobhozayo.
• Ingqondo iyabhideka.
• Ukungaboni.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthatha i-overdose? Kuyingozi kakhulu, akunjalo?

Izinto zokuphefumla zihlala imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ngoko ke abantu abazisebenzisayo bayaqhubeka nokuphefumla iiyure ezininzi ukuze bafikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kangako. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba uqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa ngolu hlobo, ungalahlekelwa zingqondo uze ekugqibeleni ufe.

Kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Sudden Sniffing Death". Okwenzekayo kukuba nomntu osempilweni ongenazo iingxaki zempilo unokufa ngequbuliso emva kokusebenzisa i-inhalant okokuqala ebomini bakhe. Khawuthelekelele ukuba oko kuyingozi kangakanani. Ingakumbi xa usebenzisa iigesi ezifana ne-propane, i-butane, kunye neekhemikhali ezikwi-aerosols, amathuba okufa ngequbuliso aphezulu kakhulu.

Izinto zokuphefumla zingabangela ukufa ngezinye iindlela. Umzekelo, ukufutha umoya kunokubangela ukufa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:

• Ukuphefumla ngokuphindaphindiweyo: Oku kuquka ukuphefumla umphunga omninzi ophefumlelweyo emiphungeni yakho, ususa ioksijini apho.
• Ukufutha: Xa uphefumla umphunga ngeplastiki phezu kwentloko yakho, imiphunga yakho ayingeni moya ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukukrwitshwa: Emva kokuphefumla izinto zokuphefumla, unokuhlanza, kwaye ukuhlanza kunokunamathela emqaleni wakho kwaye kubangele ukufa.

Zithini iziphumo ezibi zokusetyenziswa kwee-inhalants ixesha elide?

Ukuba uqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinto zokuphefumla, unokufumana iziphumo ezibi kakhulu nezihlala ixesha elide. Ezi ziquka:

• Umsindo ongapheliyo kunye nokudakumba.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ukuncipha kwamandla okugxila.
• Amaqhuqhuva ajikeleze umlomo.
• Ukuphaphatheka kolusu (`Umbala okhanyayo`).
• Ukunciphisa umzimba.
• Ndihlala ndiziva ndidiniwe.
• Ukoma okugqithisileyo (i-polydipsia).
• Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yokuvumba (anosmia) kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuva.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• Izilonda zesisu.

Iziphumo ezinzulu ngakumbi zinokwenzeka:

• Iinyikima.
• Ukonakala kwemisipha yentliziyo.
• Ukonakala kwesibindi nezintso.
• Uphuhliso lokuziphatha olulibazisekileyo ebantwaneni nakubantu abaselula.
• Ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo.
• Ukuya kwi-coma.
• Ekugqibeleni, ukufa.

Ngaba izinto ezifuthwayo zibangela i-hypoxia?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Izinto zokuphefumla zisusa umoya emiphungeni yakho kwaye zithintele umzimba wakho ekufumaneni ioksijini. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-hypoxia . Ngamafutshane, i-hypoxia kuxa izicubu zomzimba wakho zingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Uyazi, iiseli zethu zifuna ioksijini ukuvelisa amandla, kwaye izicubu zethu kunye namalungu ethu zifuna ioksijini ukuze zisebenze kakuhle. Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni xa singafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo? Ezinye izicubu zisenokungonakaliswa lixesha elifutshane lokunqongophala kweoksijini. Kodwa ukuba une-hypoxia, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumalungu akho. Khawucinge ngento enokwenzeka ukuba ingqondo ayifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo!

Ngaba unokuba likhoboka lala 'ma-inhalants'?

Ewe, unako. Ukuba uqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinto zokuphefumla, ungaba likhoboka lazo ngokukhawuleza. Xa usiba likhoboka leziyobisi, uqala ukuziva ngathi ukuzisebenzisa yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini bakho. Umsebenzi wesikolo, umsebenzi, ubudlelwane nabahlobo - eli chiza liba libaluleke ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezi zinto. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphuhlisa "ukunyamezela" okanye ukumelana neziyobisi. Emva koko, udinga eli chiza elingakumbi ukuze ufumane "uxinzelelo" olufanayo nolwawunalo ngaphambili. Abanye abantu banokude babe nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi "Inhalant Use Disorder".

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Izinto zokuphefumla zizinto abantu abaninzi abazisebenzisayo ukuze bafumane 'uxinzelelo' ngokukhawuleza, oko kukuthi, ukuziva unxilile. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba, 'uxinzelelo' aluhlali ixesha elide. Yiyo loo nto abantu behlala bephefumla iiyure ezininzi. Kwakhona, umzimba wakho unokuba 'nokunyamezela', oko kukuthi, ukumelana nezinto zokuphefumla. Emva koko kufuneka uphefumle ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuze ufumane 'uxinzelelo' olufanayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezifutho kunokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka, kwimiphumo eyingozi empilweni, ekulahlekelweni zingqondo, ekuphelelweni yingqondo, kwanasekufeni.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki yale ngxaki "yeeNtsholongwane zokuphefumla", nceda ucele uncedo kugqirha okanye kumcebisi ofanelekileyo. Iya kuba linyathelo lokusindisa ubomi. Khumbula, akukho ntloni ukucela uncedo lokunqoba oku.

Izinto zokuphefumla, iziyobisi, umlutha, ulutsha, iziphumo zempilo, umonakalo wengqondo, ukufa ngequbuliso