Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga neMarijuana yezoNyango!

Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi 'intsangu yonyango'. Abanye bathi ilungile kwizifo, abanye bathi iyingozi. Yintoni kanye kanye intsangu yonyango? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-cannabis yezonyango?

Ngamafutshane, 'intsangu yezonyango' ibhekisa ekusetyenzisweni kwensangu ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zeemeko ezithile zonyango. Oku kwahlukile ngokupheleleyo ekusebenziseni insangu ngeenjongo zokuzonwabisa. I-US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ibeka insangu 'njengento yeShedyuli I'. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayinazo izibonelelo zonyango ezamkelweyo okwangoku kwaye iyayilutha kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha abanakukwazi 'ukuyinika' ngokuthe ngqo insangu. Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amazwe/amazwe apho kuvunyelwe khona ngokusemthethweni, oogqirha banoku'qinisekisa' ukuba umntu unesifo sempilo kunye neempawu ezinokupheliswa yinsangu.

Nangona kunjalo, nakwiindawo zomthetho, ayizizo zonke izibhedlele kunye noogqirha abaqinisekisa i-cannabis yezonyango. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba akukabikho uphando olwaneleyo kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi malunga neenzuzo zonyango ze-cannabis.

Ngaba kukho amayeza avunyiweyo enziwe nge-cannabis?

I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayikavumi ukusetyenziswa kwesityalo se-cannabis kuyo nayiphi na imeko yezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza amaninzi enziwe ngezinto ezicociweyo ezivela kwi-marijuana (okanye "ii-analogs") avunyiwe yi-FDA.

La ngamayeza avunyiweyo yi-FDA:

• I-Cannabidiol (igama lophawu lwe-Epidiolex®): Oku kunceda ukuthintela nokulawula ukuxhuzula kubantu abaneentlobo ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga ze-epilepsy, i-Lennox-Gastaut syndrome kunye ne-Dravet syndrome . Eli liyeza elibhalwe ngugqirha. Lahlukile kwiimveliso ze-CBD ozithenga ngaphandle kwekhawuntara.
• I-Dronabinol (igama lophawu iMarinol®) kunye neNabilone (igama lophawu iCesamet®): La mayeza anceda ukuthintela nokulawula isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-chemotherapy. I-Dronabinol inokunceda ukulawula ukutya kunye nokunciphisa umzimba kubantu abane-HIV okanye i-AIDS, kwaye inciphise ukuxhalaba kubantu abane-dementia enzima.

Zeziphi iimpawu ezisetyenziselwa i-cannabis yezonyango?

Kuwo onke amazwe/amazwe avumele i-marijuana yezonyango ngokusemthethweni, kukho uluhlu lweemeko ezithile zonyango ('iimeko zempilo ezifanelekileyo') apho oogqirha banokuyalela i-marijuana yezonyango. Kwezi meko, abantu basebenzisa i-marijuana yezonyango ngokuyintloko ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu. Ayinyangi ngqo isifo.

Umzekelo, ilizwe lase-Ohio e-United States livumela ezi meko zilandelayo zonyango:

• Usulelo lwe-AIDS okanye i-HIV
• "I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)"
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• I-Cachexia (ukulahlekelwa yimisipha, nokuba ulahlekelwe ngamafutha okanye ulahlekelwe yiwo)
• Umhlaza
• ``I-Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)''
• `Isifo sikaCrohn`
• Isifo sokuwa okanye ezinye izifo zokuxhuzula
• 'I-Fibromyalgia'
• I-Glaucoma
• I-Hepatitis C
• `Isifo sikaHuntington`
• "Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo (IBD)" kunye "ne-Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)"
• `Isifo se-Multiple sclerosis (MS)`
• Intlungu engapheliyo neqatha okanye intlungu engapheliyo
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• "Ingxaki yoxinzelelo emva kwengozi (PTSD)"
• `I-anemia yeseli yesickle`
• Ukuqina kwemisipha (`Ukuqina kwemisipha`)
• Ukulimala okanye isifo somgogodla
• Isifo esibulalayo
• `Isifo seTourette`
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI)
• I-ulcerative colitis

Kodwa khumbula, ezi meko ziyahluka ngokwamazwe ngamazwe nakumaphondo. Uphando lusaqhubeka malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-cannabis ekulawuleni iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi kunye neenzuzo ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa i-cannabis ngeenjongo zonyango. Kufuneka uxoxe nangemiphumo emibi ekhawulezileyo neyexesha elide, ukusebenzisana kwamayeza okunokwenzeka, kunye nonyango olungezinye.

Ingaba i-marijuana yezonyango ikhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa? Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, akunjalo?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo iyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Njengoko izinto zimi, abaphandi abanakutsho ngokuqinisekileyo. Abaphandi bafunde baza baqonda iziphumo zekhemikhali ekwi-marijuana ebizwa ngokuba yi-'THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci ukuba kutheni abantu besabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-'THC' kwaye zithini iziphumo zezinye iikhemikhali ezikwi-marijuana ('cannabinoids').

Khawuthelekelele ufunda incwadi, kodwa amanye amaphepha angekho. Nangona usenokukwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ethile malunga nomxholo wencwadi, usenokungakwazi ukuphendula eminye imibuzo, okanye usenokungakwazi ukunika impendulo epheleleyo. Imeko ifana kancinci ne-marijuana yezonyango.

Cinga ngala manqaku xa ucinga ngokhuseleko lwe-cannabis yezonyango.

Ukungabikho kwemvume ye-FDA

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-FDA ayikavumi ukuthengiswa kwe-cannabis ukuze kunyangwe isifo okanye imeko. Ngamanye amazwi, iimveliso ze-cannabis zonyango azifikeleli kwimigangatho esetyenziswa yi-FDA ukuvuma iziyobisi. Xa iyeza livunyiwe yi-FDA, lithetha oku:

• Ulwazi malunga nemiphumo yelo yeza luhlolwe yiZiko loVavanyo noPhando lweZiyobisi le-FDA (CDER).
• Uphando lubonise ukuba kwabo basebenzisa eli yeza, iingenelo zingaphezulu kweengozi ezaziwayo nezingaziwayo ezinokubangelwa lilo.

Ukusebenzisa iimveliso ze-cannabis ezingavunywanga yi-FDA kunokuba nemiphumo engalindelekanga nengacwangciswanga, kwaye kunokubangela neengozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko. Kwakhona, nangona abantu besebenzise ezi mveliso ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, abazange bavavanywe nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza.

Endaweni yokuvunywa yi-FDA, ilizwe ngalinye e-United States lineemfuno kunye nemigaqo yalo yokusetyenziswa kwe-marijuana yezonyango. Umzekelo, e-Ohio, iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-Ohio linika iilayisenisi kwaye lilawula ukulinywa, ukucubungula, kunye nokuvavanya iilabhoratri ze-marijuana yezonyango. IBhodi yeKhemesti yeLizwe lase-Ohio inika iilayisenisi kwaye ilawula iindawo zokuthengisa i-marijuana yezonyango kwilizwe. Ilizwe ngalinye lineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwale mveliso xa yenziwe kwaye isasazwa.

Iingxaki zokulebhelisha

Amazwe anemithetho eyahlukeneyo malunga nendlela ebhalwe ngayo i-marijuana yezonyango. Amazwe amaninzi anemithetho efuna ukuba isixa se-'THC' kunye ne-'CBD (cannabidiol)' kwimveliso sidweliswe kwileyibhile. Nangona kunjalo, amanye amazwe aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza, ubuninzi bee-cannabinoids ezifana ne-'THC' kunye ne-'CBD' ezibhalwe kwiileyibhile zemveliso ngamanye amaxesha azichanekanga.

Nangona iilebhile zemveliso yentsangu yezonyango zifana namayeza kagqirha, azingomayeza kagqirha okanye avunyiweyo yi-FDA.

Iingozi zokusebenzisana neziyobisi

Abaphandi basafunda indlela iikhemikhali ezikwi-cannabis ezichaphazela ngayo indlela umzimba wakho ofunxa ngayo ('oyigayayo') amayeza athile. Umzekelo, izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusebenzisa 'i-CBD' kunye/okanye i-marijuana/'i-THC' kunokunyusa amanqanaba ala mayeza alandelayo egazini lakho:

• I-Clobazam (iyeza lokuthomalalisa ukuxhuzula kunye nohlobo lwe-benzodiazepine)
• I-Warfarin (i-anticoagulant)
• `Diclofenac` (iyeza lokubulala iintlungu lohlobo lwe-NSAID)

Ukongeza, i-CBD inokunyusa amanqanaba egazini amanye amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo kunye namayeza okudakumba. I-THC inokunciphisa ukuxinana kwesiyobisi sokulwa nesifo sengqondo iRisperidone engqondweni.

Le yimizekelo embalwa nje. Abaphandi basafunda ngezinye iindlela ezinokwenzeka zokusebenzisana namayeza. Ngenxa yokuba isityalo se-cannabis (i-Cannabis sativa) siqulethe iikhemikhali ezingaphezu kwama-500, kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba i-marijuana yezonyango iya kusebenzisana njani namanye amayeza owasebenzisayo (amayeza kagqirha okanye athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha). Zininzi izinto ezingaziwayo.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokusebenzisa intsangu yezonyango?

Naluphi na uhlobo lwe-cannabis, kuquka ne-cannabis yezonyango, ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, umzekelo:

• Izakhi zofuzo zakho (`izakhi zofuzo`)
• iminyaka yakho
• Isini sakho
• Ubungakanani be-cannabis esetyenzisiweyo kunye 'namandla' ayo
• Indlela oyitya ngayo i-cannabis/THC (ukutshaya, ukuvasa, okanye ukuginya)
• Usebenzisa i-cannabis ixesha elingakanani kwaye uyisebenzisa kangaphi
• Nokuba usebenzisa amanye amayeza kunye/okanye ezinye izinto

Iziphumo ozifumanayo kwi-marijuana yezonyango zinokwahluka kwezo zifunyanwa ngomnye umntu. Kwaye nomntu ofanayo unokufumana iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo xa esebenzisa i-marijuana.

Uphando lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis kunemiphumo yexesha elifutshane nelide, kodwa abaphandi basafunda ngale nto, ingakumbi imiphumo yexesha elide.

Ezinye zeziphumo zexesha elifutshane zezi:

• Uvuyo kunye notshintsho lweemvakalelo
• Ubunzima bokucinga nokusombulula iingxaki
• Inkumbulo engasebenzi kakuhle
• Ukudideka kunye nokudideka
• Ukuphumla kunye/okanye ukuthomalalisa
• Isiyezi
• Imiba enxulumene nokulungelelaniswa
• Ixesha lokuphendula elicothisiweyo
• Umlomo owomileyo
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukungaboni
• Iinkohliso (inkolelo enamandla kwinto engeyonyani - `Iinkohliso`)
• Ingqondo – Lo mngcipheko uphezulu ukuba usebenzisa rhoqo intsangu enamandla aphezulu (amanqanaba aphezulu e-THC).

Ngaba ke ngoko kukho naziphi na izibonelelo kwi-cannabis yezonyango?

Izazinzulu noogqirha abanakutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ngeenzuzo ngokubanzi ze-marijuana yezonyango. Oku kungenxa yokuba akukho phando lwaneleyo malunga neenzuzo zonyango zezi mveliso, ingakumbi iziphumo zexesha elide. Ukongeza, i-marijuana ichaphazela abantu abahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Nangona abantu bexela ezinye zeengenelo zobuqu, zonke ezi zinto zenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwizigqibo eziqinileyo.

Nangona igama elithi "unyango" lisetyenziswe kweli gama, okwangoku akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lokwazi ukuba iingenelo ezinokubakho ze-cannabis yezonyango zingaphezulu kweengozi ezinokubakho xa zisetyenziselwa iimeko zempilo.

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuphanda ngemithetho ekwindawo okuyo uze uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo yexesha elifutshane nelide ye-cannabis, kunye nokuba ikulungele na.

Yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo esifuna ukuyithatha kweli bali?

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esizithethileyo nge-marijuana yezonyango, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Intsangu yonyango ayisetyenziselwa ukuzonwabisa. Isetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwezinye iindawo ukunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezithile.
• Isityalo se-cannabis asikavunywa zii-arhente ezifana ne-FDA ukuba sisetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza aliqela avunyiweyo aqulethe iikhemikhali ezithile ezikhutshwe kwi-cannabis.
• Akukho uphando olwaneleyo malunga nokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-cannabis yezonyango, ngoko ke kunzima ukutsho ngqo ngeengozi kunye neenzuzo.
• I-cannabis ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye inokusebenzisana nezinye iziyobisi.
• Ukuba ucinga ngokusebenzisa intsangu yezonyango, qiniseka ukuba uthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo. Kwakhona, qaphela imithetho ekwindawo okuyo.

Khumbula, ukuba nolwazi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo xa usenza izigqibo malunga nempilo yakho. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, soloko ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Intsangu yezonyango , intsangu yezonyango, ukusetyenziswa kwehemp, iTHC, i-CBD, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-cannabis, ukusebenzisana namayeza