Usenokuba ngumntu otshaya icuba ngamanye amaxesha, okanye mhlawumbi kuphela xa uphumile nabahlobo. Kwabanye, ngumkhwa; kwabanye, kuvakala ngathi yindlela yokuphumla. Kodwa ngaba uyaqonda ngokwenene ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni wakho xa loo msi wecuba ungena emzimbeni wakho? Makhe sithethe ngayo, ngokulula nangokucacileyo, ngokwembono yezonyango.
Yintoni kanye kanye icuba, kwaye yintoni engaphakathi kulo?
Ngamafutshane, ukutshaya kuquka ukukhanyisa isilinda esizaliswe yicuba elomileyo, ukuphefumlela umsi emiphungeni yakho, nokuwukhupha. Xa utshisa elinye icala, utsala umsi ngelinye icala. Lo msi uhamba ngemigudu yakho yomoya uye emiphungeni yakho, apho ungena khona egazini lakho uze uye engqondweni yakho nakweminye imizimba yomzimba wakho.
Ngelixa sithetha ngeecuba zecuba, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abantu abaninzi basebenzisa neecuba, iipayipi, intsangu, okanye iicuba zemifuno, ezineengozi ezifanayo.
Icuba eliqhelekileyo elithengiswayo lidla ngokuqulatha oku kulandelayo:
- Icuba : Amagqabi kunye neziqu zesityalo iNicotiana tabacum ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa nezomileyo.
- Iphepha lokusonga: Iphepha elibamba icuba kunye.
- Isihluzo: Senzelwe ukubamba ezinye zeengceba ezinkulu zecuba elivuthayo. Nangona kunjalo, iikhemikhali ezininzi eziyingozi zidlula kwisihluzo zize zingene ngqo emzimbeni wakho.
Kutheni abantu beba ngamakhoboka okutshaya?
Abantu abaninzi baqala ukutshaya kuba ekuqaleni kunika ukuphumla okanye ulonwabo. Nangona kunjalo, wakuba uqalile, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyeka, nokuba uqaphela umonakalo obangelwa yiyo. Eyona nto iphambili yi-nicotine. I-nicotine isebenza engqondweni, idale ukuxhomekeka emzimbeni; xa ungenayo, unokufumana iimpawu zokurhoxa ezifana nokucaphuka, ixhala, kunye nokungonwabi.
Xa i-nicotine ifika engqondweni, ibangela ukukhululwa kwee -neurotransmitters ezidala iimvakalelo ezintle zexeshana. Ukutshaya kunokukwenza uzive:
- Umoya wokuphumla okanye wokuphumla wexeshana.
- "Ukunyuka" okuncinci okanye ukuziva uphaphile.
- Ukuphucula amandla okugxila, ubuncinane okwethutyana.
Ngaphaya kokuxhomekeka kwiikhemikhali, ukutshaya kudla ngokuba yinto eqhelekileyo—njengokusela ikomityi yekofu. Abantu banokuyisebenzisa ukulawula imithambo-luvo, ukuphucula ukugxila, okanye ngenxa nje yomkhwa. Abanye bade banamathele kumava okuva xa bephethe icuba.
Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni wakho xa ukhanyisa?
Xa utshaya icuba, umonakalo uqala. Cinga ngale ndlela: njengoko icuba litsha, likhupha amawaka eekhemikhali. Ngaphambi kokuba ugqibe nokufutha kwakho kokuqala, ezi zinto ziqalile uhambo lwazo olutshabalalisayo emzimbeni wakho.
Ngalo mzuzu ukhanyisayo uze uyizise emilebeni yakho…
Ubushushu bukhupha i-nicotine kwaye budale i-tar. Ukubamba nje icuba kunokonakalisa iinzipho zakho. Umsi uyawucoca ulusu lwakho kwaye uchithe i-collagen, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwaluphaleni kwangethuba kunye nemibimbi. Ukuba uphefumla ngempumlo yakho, wonakalisa iziphelo zemithambo-luvo, nto leyo enokuphazamisa imvakalelo yakho yokuvumba ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Xa uphefumla umsi...
Nangona isihluzo sibamba amasuntswana amakhulu, itar, i-nicotine, kunye namawaka eekhemikhali ezinobungozi zingena ngqo emlonyeni nasemqaleni wakho. Itar ingcolisa amazinyo akho, igqume ulwimi lwakho, kwaye yonakalise i-enamel yamazinyo akho, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokubola nesifo seentsini . Amandla akho okungcamla ngokupheleleyo nokonwabela ukutya kwakho nawo anokuncipha.
Njengoko umsi uhamba kwimigudu yakho yomoya…
I-tar kunye neemveliso ezinobungozi ezifana ne-hydrogen cyanide zigquma umqala wakho kunye neentambo zomlomo, zidla ngokubangela ukukhwehlela komntu otshayayo. Ezi khemikhali zonakalisa i-cilia—izakhiwo ezincinci, ezifana neenwele ezikwindlela yakho yomoya ezidla ngokususa i-mucus kunye nezinto ezikucaphukisayo. Xa ezi zinto zonakele, usengozini enkulu yosulelo lokuphefumla .
Njengoko umsi ugcwalisa imiphunga yakho kwaye ungena egazini…
Umsi ungena kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci ezikwimiphunga yakho (i-alveoli) kwaye ubangele umonakalo onokukhokelela kwi -emphysema kunye nezinye iimeko phantsi kwe -COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) . Ngaphezu koko, uphefumla i-carbon monoxide, ebopha kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ngempumelelo kune-oxygen. Oku kuyingozi kuba kuthintela i-oxygen ekufikeleleni kwizicubu zakho ezibalulekileyo kunye namalungu omzimba. Oku kunqongophala kwe-oxygen kunyanzela umzimba wakho ukuba usebenze nzima, kodwa ukudumba okubangelwa yi-mucus kwenza ukuphefumla kube nzima ngakumbi.
Kwimithambo yakho yegazi, i-nicotine yonakalisa ulwelo lwangaphakathi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe kwaye iqine. Oku kuqokelelana kukhuthaza ukuqhekeka kwegazi, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye nokubetha. Kumadoda, oku kuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi sesona sizathu siphambili sokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile.
Njengoko iikhemikhali zisasazeka emzimbeni wakho wonke…
Nje ukuba zifunxwe, ezi khemikhali zijikeleza kuyo yonke inkqubo yakho, zonakalisa phantse onke amalungu ezifikelela kuwo.
- Amathambo: I-Nicotine inciphisa amandla omzimba wakho okufunxa i-calcium kwaye iphazamisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezenza amathambo. Oku kwenza amathambo akho abe buthathaka, kuwenze aqhekeke kwaye abe lula kakhulu ukwaphuka.
- Amehlo: Iikhemikhali ezinobungozi ezikwicuba kunye namanqanaba e-oksijini aphantsi zibangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni akho. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwe-macular, i-cataracts, kwanokulahlekelwa yimbono engapheliyo .
- Inkqubo Yokuzikhusela : Ukutshaya kugcina umzimba wakho ukwimeko yokudumba rhoqo, nto leyo ethintela inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela. Oku kukwenza ube sengozini yokufumana izifo rhoqo kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nezifo.izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba.
- IiHormone: I-Nicotine inokubangela ukungalingani kweehomoni, nto leyo enokuchaphazela kakubi ukuzala kwakho kunye nempilo yokuzala.
- I-DNA: Iityhefu ezifana ne-arsenic, i-nickel, kunye ne-radioactive polonium zonakalisa i-DNA yakho kwaye zithintele iindlela zemvelo zokulungisa umzimba wakho. Lo monakalo we-DNA yimbangela ephambili yomhlaza kwaye unokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuzala ngenxa yesidoda esonakeleyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-nicotine ifikelela engqondweni yakho...
Xa ingena egazini lakho, i-nicotine iya ngqo engqondweni yakho. Ibopha kwii-receptor ezithile, ibangele ukukhululwa kwee-chemical messengers "ezivakala kamnandi" ezifana ne-dopamine, i-adrenaline, i-endorphins, kunye ne-serotonin. Loo "khaba" okanye "i-buzz" oyivayo emva kwecuba yile nkqubo isebenza. Kufana nokuba i-nicotine icinezela amaqhosha engqondweni yakho ukuze ivuselele ukuphumla, ulonwabo, okanye ukuphaphama. Le nkqubo yonke yenzeka kwimizuzwana embalwa emva kokufutha kwakho kokuqala.
Ukujongana nokurhoxa…
Isibindi sakho sicubungula i-nicotine, kwaye idla ngokukhutshwa emchameni wakho emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokutshaya. Njengoko "ukukhaba" kuphela, umzimba wakho uqala ukunqwenela enye icuba. Ukuba awuyiniki, ungena ekurhoxeni . Oku kubonakala njengokungaphumli, ixhala, ukucaphuka, kunye nokungalali . Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umzimba wakho ukhulisa ukunyamezela, oko kuthetha ukuba udinga i-nicotine engakumbi ukuze ufumane ulwaneliseko olufanayo. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba kukuxhomekeka kwi-nicotine .
Ukuba ukhulelwe: Indlela umsi ochaphazela ngayo usana lwakho…
Ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunciphisa imithambo yegazi kwi-placenta nakwi-umbilical cord, kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini kumntwana wakho (usana olungekazalwa). Igazi elifikelela kumntwana liqulethe i-carbon monoxide, i-nicotine, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali eziyingozi. Oku kunqongophala kweoksijini kunye nokuvezwa kwiityhefu kunokonakalisa i-DNA yomntwana wakho. Abantu abakhulelweyo abatshayayo banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuma kwesisu . Ngaphezu koko, iintsana ezizelwe ngoomama abatshayayo zihlala zineengxaki zokuzalwa ezinobunzima obuphantsi, iingxaki zentliziyo nemiphunga, kunye nokulibaziseka kokukhula .
Zeziphi iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokutshaya?
Abantu abaninzi banxulumanisa ukutshaya nomhlaza wemiphunga kuphela. Enyanisweni, ukutshaya kuchaphazela phantse onke amalungu omzimba wakho, nokuba kubangela izifo ezintsha okanye kubangele iimeko ezibi kakhulu. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:
- Umhlaza: Jonga uluhlu olupheleleyo olungezantsi lwemihlaza enxulumene nokutshaya.
- Izifo zemiphunga: Kuquka i-COPD (iSifo esingapheliyo seMiphunga), isifo sephepha, i-asthma, kunye ne-pulmonary fibrosis.
- Izifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ezi zinokubangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
- Izifo zamehlo: Iingxaki ze-cataracts, i-macular degeneration, kwanobumfama.
- Iimeko zokuzalwa: Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa kunye neziphene zokuzalwa kwiintsana zoomama ababetshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuphuma kwesisu.
- Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile.
- I-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) kunye nezinye iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile.
- Iingxaki zokuzala.
- Ukwaluphala kwangethuba (ulusu olushwabeneyo kunye nokubonakala kokwaluphala).
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, nokuba awutshayi, ukuphefumla umsi womnye umntu (umsi osetyenziswa ngumntu omnye) kukubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu kwimpilo yakho.
Ukutshaya kunye nomhlaza
Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Ngaphezu koko, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ukuba utshaya ngelixa unyangwa umhlaza, iziphumo zonyango lwakho zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle, kwaye umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye uphezulu. Ukutshaya kunxulunyaniswa noku:
- I-leukemia ye-acute myeloid
- Umhlaza wesinyi
- Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
- Umhlaza weColoral
- Umhlaza wesisu
- Umhlaza wezintso
- Umhlaza weLaryngeal kunye neminye imiphunga yomphimbo
- Umhlaza wesibindi
- Umhlaza wemiphunga
- Umhlaza womlomo
- Umhlaza wePancreatic
- Umhlaza wesisu
Ngaba imiphunga iyaphola emva kokuyeka ukutshaya?
Ewe! Wakuba uyekile ukutshaya, imiphunga yakho kunye neendlela zomoya ziqala inkqubo yokuphiliswa. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuyeka, ukuvuvukala kunye nokuveliswa kwe-mucus kuyehla. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, i-cilia (izakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neenwele emiphungeni yakho) ziqala ukuphinda zikhule. Enyanisweni, uninzi lweenkqubo emzimbeni wakho ziqala indlela elungileyo yokuchacha kwangoko xa uyeka ukutshaya.
Ixesha lokuchacha kwakho lixhomekeke ekubeni utshaye ixesha elingakanani kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo owenzekileyo emiphungeni yakho. Ezinye iingxaki, ezinje ngokuzala, zingaqala ukuphucuka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo othile—ofana ne-COPD kunye ne-pulmonary fibrosis—awunakuguqulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhlala ungatshayi iminyaka eliqela, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza kunye nezinye izifo ezinxulumene nokutshaya uyancipha kakhulu, unokufikelela kumanqanaba afana nomntu ongazange atshaye.
Ndingayeka njani ukutshaya?
Zininzi iindlela zokukunceda uyeke ukutshaya. Kusenokufuneka udibanise iindlela ezahlukeneyo okanye utshintshe amaqhinga ude ufumane eyona ikulungeleyo. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa onokukhetha kuzo:
- I-cold turkey: Oku kuthetha ukuyeka ukutshaya ngequbuliso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amayeza okanye indawo ye-nicotine. Nangona oku kusebenza kwabanye, ukuxhomekeka kwi-nicotine ngokwasemzimbeni kunokwenza oku kube yindlela enzima kakhulu.
- Unyango lokutshintsha i-nicotine: Oku kuquka iintsini ezine-nicotine, iilozenji, amabala, izitshizi zeempumlo, okanye ii-inhalers.
- Amayeza: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza afana ne-bupropion okanye i-varenicline ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zokurhoxa kunye nokunciphisa iminqweno yakho.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Ukwandisa umthambo, ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo imihla ngemihla, okanye ukuzibandakanya kwi-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) kunokukunceda uzive ungcono kwaye uyeke imikhwa enxulumene nokutshaya.
Ukuba ndingumtshayi, ndingazinyamekela njani?
Akuyomfihlo ukuba eyona nto ingcono onokuzenzela yona kukuyeka ukutshaya. Ngelixa usekwinkqubo yokuyeka, ungawuxhasa umzimba wakho ngokuzilolonga, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, nokuhlala unamanzi aneleyo. Nokuba utshaya ngoku okanye usandula ukuyeka, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho malunga nokucwangcisa uhlolo lomhlaza wemiphunga rhoqo. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunokusindisa ubomi bakho.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
Abantu bebetshaya ngenxa yezizathu zentlalo nezenkcubeko ixesha elide. Namhlanje, izizathu zisafana: icuba lingaba yinto eqhelekileyo yosuku lwakho—okanye indlela yokuthatha ikhefu elincinci kuloo ndlela.
Nangona kunjalo, ngoku siyazi ukuba ukutshaya kuyingozi kangakanani kwimpilo yakho nakwimpilo yabathandekayo bakho. Ngenxa yonxibelelwano olwenzeka kwi-nicotine nengqondo yakho, ukuyeka akulula kuba nje uyazi ukuba kuyingozi; loo nto yinyani. Ukuqonda olu nxibelelwano kunye nesizathu sokuba kunzima ukuyeka kunokuba luncedo. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba nobubele kuwe ngeli xesha lohambo. Ukutshintsha ukusuka ekubeni ngumntu otshayayo ukuya ekubeni ngumntu ongatshayiyo yinkqubo—isigqibo ozenzela sona yonke imihla.
Ngaphaya kweendlela zokuyeka, ukukhumbula iingenelo zexesha elide kuya kukunceda. Uya kukwazi ukubuyela kwimisebenzi oyithandayo, ufumane kwakhona incasa yokwenyani kunye nevumba lokutya, ukhusele impilo yabathandekayo bakho, kwaye wonge imali. Funa inkxaso kubahlobo, kusapho, nakoogqirha bakho—baxelele ngotshintsho olwenzayo kwaye ubuze ukuba banokukuxhasa njani ngcono.
INirogi Lanka: Ukutshaya, iiCigarettes, iNicotine, umhlaza, impilo, imiphunga, isifo sentliziyo, ukuyeka ukutshaya
