"Umama/utata wethu ukhula kancinci ngoku, kwaye akasakwazi ukulibala njengokuba wayenjalo ngaphambili..." Eli bali lisenokuba liqhelekile kuwe. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulibala izinto ezincinci njengokuba kukho izitshixo okanye igama lomntu yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Kodwa ukuba oku kulibala kuyanda kancinci kancinci kuze kufike kwinqanaba apho singakwaziyo ukwenza imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla, kufuneka sikhathazeke kancinci ngako. Kuba, kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-dementia. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi meko zimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-dementia kunye ne-Alzheimer's.
Okokuqala, yintoni isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
Ngamafutshane, i-dementia ayisosifo esithile. Ligama eliquka uluhlu olubanzi lweemeko ezichaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yethu, ingakumbi ezo ziphazamisa inkumbulo, ukucinga, ukuqiqa, kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, umntu kufuneka abe nento engaphaya kokulibala okuqhelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka abe nokuphazamiseka okukhulu ubuncinane kwezi zakhono zimbini zilandelayo:
- Inkumbulo: Ukulibala iziganeko neencoko zakutshanje.
- Unxibelelwano kunye nentetho: Ubunzima bokufumana amagama, ukulibala into obufuna ukuyithetha ngelixa uthetha.
- Ingqalelo kunye nokugxila: Ubunzima bokugxila kwinto enye.
- Ukuqiqa nokugweba: Ubunzima bokwenza izigqibo, ukungakwazi ukucwangcisa.
- Ukubona izinto ngamehlo: Ngamanye amaxesha ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (imibono), ukungakwazi ukwahlula imibala.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zifana kakhulu, kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo umntu omthandayo anaso. Ngoko ke xa usiya kugqirha wakho, kubalulekile ukuba ucacelwe ziimpawu zakho zonke, amayeza, ukusetyenziswa kotywala, kunye nazo naziphi na izifo zangaphambili.
Ngoko ke yintoni isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo phantsi kwegama elithi dementia esilithethe ngaphambili. Phakathi kwama-60% nama-80% abantu abanesifo sika-Alzheimer banesifo sika-Alzheimer. Sisifo esiqhubeka siqhubeka nokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Okwangoku akukho nyango lwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi ulungile.
Kwisifo sika-Alzheimer, iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba zii-'plaques' zenzeka phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni bethu, kwaye 'zidibana' ngaphakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo.Ukuqokelelana kwezinto ezifana neefayibha kubizwa ngokuba. Kanye xa kukho ingxinano enkulu yezithuthi endleleni, iimoto ziyayeka, ngenxa yezi zinto, ukuhamba kwemiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kuyayeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziyatshatyalaliswa.
Luhlobo lwesi sifo, nangona ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kusenokuba kuncinci ekuqaleni, iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo sika-Alzheimer:
- Ukulibala amagama abantu, iziganeko, kunye neencoko zabo.
- Ubunzima bokugxila.
- Utshintsho kubuntu: ukuphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto obukade uzonwabela, ukurhanela abanye, ukuba ndlongondlongo.
- Utshintsho lweemvakalelo kunye nokudakumba.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokugweba kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo.
- Ukudideka.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuba nzima ukubamba incoko eqhelekileyo okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Nangona ugqirha engenakutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba yi-Alzheimer's, iimvavanyo zokujonga ubuchopho ezifana ne -MRI scans kunye novavanyo olulinganisa izinto ezifana nememori, ingqalelo, kunye nolwimi zinokubonelela ngoxilongo oluchanekileyo.
Ezinye iintlobo eziphambili zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
Ngaphandle kwesifo sika-Alzheimer, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi eziwela kudidi lwe-dementia. Kubalulekile nokuba uzazi ezi.
| Uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo | Iimpawu eziphambili kunye namanqaku abalulekileyo |
|---|---|
| I-Vascular Dementia | Olu lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo. Lubangelwa kukuvaleka okanye ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi engqondweni. Lufana nento eyenzekayo xa umbhobho wamanzi uvalekile emthini. Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo asilulo uphawu lokuqala, njengakwisifo sika-Alzheimer. Endaweni yoko, iingxaki zokucwangcisa kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezingalunganga zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala. |
| Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esinemizimba kaLewy | Le meko ibangelwa zii-protein clumps ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Lewy bodies ezikhula kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo yobuchopho. Inokubangela ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, iingxaki zokulala, kunye neentshukumo ezingahambelaniyo ezifana nezo zibonwa kwisifo sikaParkinson.Kuqatshelwa kuqala. Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kwenzeka njengoko isifo siqhubeka. |
| I-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) | Oku kutshabalalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwiindawo zangaphambili nezecala lobuchopho. Ngenxa yoko, kuchaphazela kakhulu ubuntu kunye nokuziphatha. Umntu unokuba nomsindo ngequbuliso, alibale indlela yokuziphatha eluntwini. Iingxaki zolwimi nazo ziyenzeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo zinokuqala emncinci kune-Alzheimer's (malunga neminyaka engama-60 ubudala). |
| Ezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo | Kukwakho neendlela ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu zemfuza zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ezifana nesifo iCreutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) kunye nesifo sikaHuntington , ezinokuba nzima kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. |
Zinjani iindlela zonyango?
Akukho nyango lwesifo sika-Alzheimer okanye uninzi lweentlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Oogqirha bagxila kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu, ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, kunye nokunika umguli ubomi obusemgangathweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango:
- Amayeza okulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Kukho amayeza anokunceda ukulawula ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kwi-Alzheimer's kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-dementia.
- Amayeza okutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha nengqondo: Amayeza anikwa ukulawula izinto ezinje ngokudakumba, ubundlobongela, kunye nokungazoli.
- Amayeza eengxaki zokulala: Anceda ekungakhululeki okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwendlela yokulala.
- Ukunyanga ezinye izizathu: Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu ze-dementia zinokubangelwa zizifo ezinokunyangwa, ezinje ngokunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12 okanye ulwelo oluninzi engqondweni (i-hydrocephalus). Kwezi meko, ukunyanga unobangela oyintloko kunokunciphisa okanye kuphelise iimpawu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo kwangethuba.
Izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule xa uhlala nomntu onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, ukunxibelelana naye kunokuba nzima kancinci, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba nomonde nokuqonda.
- Musa ukuthetha ngabo phambi kwabo: Kuphephe ukuthetha ngesifo sabo phambi kwabo, ucinga ukuba abayi kuyiqonda. Babandakanye kwincoko.
- Musa ukubuza, "Uyakhumbula...?":Loo mbuzo unokubabangela bangakhululeki. Ukuba kukho into abangayikhumbuliyo, kungcono ukutshintsha umxholo kunokuba uzame ukubakhumbuza.
- Musa ukuphikisa: Nokuba oko bakuthethayo akulunganga, musa ukubadida ngakumbi ngokuxoxa ngako. Thetha ngokuzolileyo nangobulali.
- Musa ukubaphazamisa: Mamela ngomonde xa bethetha, nokuba kuthatha ixesha ukufumana amagama.
Le meko inokubangela ukuba umguli adinwe engqondweni nasemzimbeni, kwaye nawe umkhathalele. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucinga ngempilo yakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, bonana nogqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Dementia ligama eliqhelekileyo lezifo ezininzi ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Uhlobo lwe-Alzheimer lolona luxhaphakileyo.
- Kuqhelekile ukulibala izinto ezincinci njengoko ukhula. Kodwa ukuba inkumbulo yakho, indlela ocinga ngayo, kunye nendlela oziphatha ngayo iyatshintsha kangangokuba awukwazi ukusebenza kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto.
- Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu ziyafana, kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, funa ingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo.
- Nangona kungekho unyango olupheleleyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kukho unyango olunokulawula iimpawu nokugcina umgangatho wobomi uphezulu.
- Ukufunyaniswa kwesi sifo kwangethuba kunokukunceda ufumane unyango kwaye ucebe ikamva. Ngoko ke ungoyiki, kwaye ukuba unamathandabuzo, thetha nogqirha.
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