Ingaba usana lwakho olusandul’ ukuzalwa lune-anemia? (I-anemia kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba umntwana wakho ubonakala ephaphathekile kancinci? Ngaba ubonakala ediniwe xa encancisa, ngaba udinwa ngokukhawuleza? Okanye ubonakala ephefumla ngokukhawuleza? Ukuba uqaphela ezi zinto, umntwana wakho usenokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'anemia of the newborn'. Ungakhathazeki , siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula. Ndiza kuchaza yonke into ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-anemia kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa?

Ngamafutshane, i-anemia iyenzeka xa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni womntwana liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Ezi seli zibomvu zegazi luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweeseli. Zisebenza njengeelori ezincinci ezithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngoko ke, xa ezi seli zibomvu zegazi, eziziilori ezithwala ioksijini, zincipha, ezinye iiseli, izicubu, kunye namalungu omzimba azifumani umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weoksijini. Oku kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi iintsana ezincinci. Kuba zikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye yonke into emizimbeni yazo yakha entsha. Ke ngoko, ioksijini ibalulekile kubo.

Yintoni ebangela i-anemia kubantwana abancinci?

Akukho sizathu sinye sokuba umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa abe ne-anemia, zinokubakho izizathu ezininzi. Makhe sizijonge ngasinye ngasinye, ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngcono oku.

1. Umzimba womntwana awuvelisi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo.

Iintsana ezininzi ziba ne-anemia encinci, okanye inani eliphantsi legazi, kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi bazo. Ngokwezonyango, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'physiologic anemia' . Akukho nto inokubangela ukukhathazeka ngayo, oku kuqhelekile kwiimeko ezininzi. Cinga ngayo njengokuba umzimba womntwana ufana nesityalo esincinci esikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kuthatha ixesha ukuba umzimba womntwana uvelise izondlo ezifunwa sisityalo, oko kukuthi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ngesantya eso. Oku kufana naxa ezinye zefenitshala zifika kade endlwini entsha. Oku kudla ngokuba yinto ehlala ilungiswa xa umntwana eneenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ubudala. Oku akudingi unyango olukhethekileyo.

2. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ziqhelekile emzimbeni

Le yenye imbangela enkulu ye-anemia kwiintsana. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umzimba uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kodwa ziyaphuka ngokukhawuleza zize zitshatyalaliswe ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo.

• Ukungangqinelani kohlobo lwegazi phakathi komama nosana: Esi sesona sizathu siphambili soku. Le ngxaki inokuvela ngakumbi kwiimeko apho uhlobo lwegazi lukamama lune-Rh negative kwaye uhlobo lwegazi losana lune-Rh positive, okanye ukuba kukho ukungangqinelani phakathi kweentlobo zegazi ze-ABO (umz. umama ngu-O, umntwana ngu-A okanye u-B). Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'kukungangqinelani kwe-Rh/ABO' . Xa oku kusenzeka, ezinye ii-antibodies eziveliswa emzimbeni kamama ziqala ukutshabalalisa iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zomntwana. Ezi zingane zihlala zikhula imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-jaundice . Emva koko ulusu lomntwana kunye namehlo amhlophe ajika abe tyheli. Oku kungenxa yokuba 'i-bilirubin' iyakhutshwa xa iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ziqhekeka.Ukuqokelelwa kwento etyheli emzimbeni.
• Izifo zofuzo: Amaxesha amaninzi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinokuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza ngale ndlela ngenxa yezifo ezithile zebhaktheriya okanye zentsholongwane, okanye ngenxa yezifo ezithile zofuzo ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne-thalassemia.

3. Ukulahleka Kwegazi

Ngamanye amaxesha i-anemia inokubakho ngenxa yokulahleka kwegazi emzimbeni womntwana.

• Ukuthathwa kweesampuli zegazi kwi-NICU: Ingakumbi ukuba umntwana ukwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu lweZifo eziSandula ukuzalwa (i-NICU) , oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana udinga unyango olukhethekileyo, oogqirha kufuneka bathathe iisampuli zegazi rhoqo ukuze bajonge imeko yomntwana. Oku kuyintlungu encinci. Kodwa ezi sampuli zegazi zibalulekile ukuze oogqirha bamsindise umntwana kwaye bamnyange ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqhubeka nokuthatha igazi elincinci, umntwana unokuba ne-anemia de angene emzimbeni.
• Okunye ukopha: Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yokopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntwana, oko kukuthi, ukopha ngaphakathi , okanye ngenxa yengxaki yokutshintshiselana kwegazi phakathi komama nomntwana ngelixa umntwana esesibelekweni (umz., ingxaki nge-placenta).

4. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha

Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha nazo zinamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-anemia. Zininzi izizathu zoku.

• Ngokwesiqhelo baba nenani eliphantsi kancinci leeseli ezibomvu zegazi xa bezalwa.
• Kwakhona, ubomi bezi seli zibomvu bufutshane kunobo bomntwana ozelwe ixesha elizeleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ziyaphuka ngokukhawuleza.
• Kwakhona, umongo wethambo weentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha awukavuthwa ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke izinga lokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi nalo licotha.

Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'Anemia of Prematurity' .

Zithini iimpawu zomntwana one-anemia?

Uninzi lweentsana ezine-anemia encinci azibonisi zimpawu zibalulekileyo. Kodwa ukuba i-anemia inzima kakhulu, lumkela umchamo womntwana wakho ukuze ubone naziphi na ezi mpawu:

• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo: Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ubuso bomntwana, imilebe, ulwimi, iintende zezandla, iinyawo zakhe, ingakumbi ingaphakathi lamehlo (zama ukujonga ngaphakathi kweliso) ziya kuba nombala ophaphathekileyo endaweni yokuba pinki.
• Ubuvila: Usana ludla ngokulala, alunamdla wokudlala okanye wokushukumisa amalungu alo, kwaye lusenokuba ludiniwe kakhulu.
• Ukuncipha kokusela ubisi okanye ukudinwa xa uncancisa: Ukuba umntwana wakho uyagabha emva kokusela ubisi oluncinci, okanye uyaxakeka okanye uyabila ngelixa uncancisa, oku kungaba luphawu lwe-anemia. Oku kungenxa yokuba umzimba uyadinwa ngokukhawuleza kuba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
• Intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphefumla ngokukhawuleza nokuba iphumle: Ukuba umntwana wakho uphefumla kwaye uphefumla ngokukhawuleza nokuba uzolile kwaye elele, nawe kufuneka ukhathazeke. Xa umzimba ungenawo umoya-mpilo, intliziyo kunye nemiphunga kufuneka zisebenze nzima ukuyihambisa emzimbeni wonke.

Khumbula, ukuba nje umntwana wakho unezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-anemia. Kodwa ukuba ubona into efana nale, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho une-anemia kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi . Ugqirha okanye umbelethisi uza kumhlola umntwana, aze ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-anemia, athi, "Hmm.. masithathe igazi, akunjalo?" Ungakhathazeki, akuyi kubangela intlungu enkulu kumntwana, luvavanyo nje oluncinci.

Olu vavanyo lwegazi ludla ngokujonga izinto ezifana nezi:

• Inqanaba le-hemoglobin: I-hemoglobin yiproteni ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini. Oku kuhlolwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba inqanaba liphantsi kunesiqhelo.
• Ixabiso leHematocrit: Oku kubonisa ukuba yipesenti engakanani yomthamo wegazi lomntwana owenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuba oku kuphantsi kakhulu, kunokubonisa ukuba kukho i-anemia.
• Inani lee-reticulocyte: Ii-reticulocytes ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisandula ukwenziwa ezingekavuthwa ngokupheleleyo. Inani lazo linokunika umbono wokuba zingaphi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha ezenziwa ngumzimba kunye nokuba umongo wethambo usebenza kakuhle na.

Ugqirha uza kujonga zonke ezi ziphumo zovavanyo, iimpawu zomntwana, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ukuze abone ukuba umntwana wakho une-anemia na, ukuba kunjalo, ukuba ingakanani na inqanaba layo, kunye nokuba yintoni na imbangela.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-anemia kwiintsana? (Unyango)

Ngoku mhlawumbi ucinga, "Kuthekani ukuba oku kwenzeka kumntwana wam?" Ungakhathazeki. Uninzi lwexesha, iintsana ezine-anemia encinci azidingi unyango olukhethekileyo. Iimeko ezifana ne-'physiologic anemia' ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ziya kuphola ngokwazo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ugqirha uza kujonga umntwana aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze olunye uvavanyo lwegazi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-anemia inzima, okanye ukuba umntwana unengxaki ngayo, unyango lunokufuneka.

• Utofelo-gazi: Kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha , kwiintsana ezigula kakhulu , okanye kwiintsana ezinengxaki yokuphefumla ngenxa ye-anemia, utofelo-gazi ngamanye amaxesha lunokufuneka. Oku kuquka ukufaka iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezivela kumntu ophilileyo emzimbeni womntwana. Oku kunokunyusa ngokukhawuleza inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni.
• Amayeza:Abanye abantwana banokunikwa amayeza anceda imizimba yabo ukuba yenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Umzekelo, izongezo zesinyithi zinganikwa. Isinyithi sisondlo esibalulekileyo sokwenza i-hemoglobin. Kwakhona, iihomoni ezifana ne-erythropoietin zinganikwa njengeenaliti. Le hormone ivuselela umongo wethambo ukuze kwandiswe imveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Isondlo: Nangona kunjalo, ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo inikwa kwisondlo somntwana ngamnye one-anemia. Kuba, kuphela xa umntwana ondliwe kakuhle apho umzimba unokuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ozifunayo. Ukuba uncancisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umama atye ukutya okune-iron eninzi, okunesondlo (njengespinatshi, inyama, intlanzi, ii-peas, iilentils). Kuba umntwana ufumana isondlo ekutyeni kukamama.

Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele umntwana wakho, ngoko ke landela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke kuzo zonke izinto esizithethileyo malunga ne-anemia kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule. Nazi imiyalezo omawuyithathe ekhaya:

• Ukuba umntwana wakho umhlophe, akafuni ukuncancisa, ubonakala ediniwe rhoqo, okanye unezinguqu ekuphefumleni (ezifana nokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumla kancinci), musa ukuyithatha lula loo nto. Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ze-anemia.
• Ayizizo zonke izifo ze-anemia ezifuna unyango. Ezinye iimeko (ingakumbi i-Physiologic Anemia) ziyaphela ngokwazo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuba ugqirha uthi, "Umntwana une-anemia encinci, kodwa akukho nto ifanele ikhathazeke ngayo."
• Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha zinamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-anemia. Oogqirha banikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo koku. Qaphela oku.
• Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh/ABO yeyona nto ibangela i-anemia kunye ne-jaundice. Oogqirha banikela ingqalelo koku ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukutya okufanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni i-anemia. Oomama abancancisayo kufuneka baqaphele nokuba batya ntoni.
• Ungaze woyike okanye wenze oko ukucingayo, mamela nje oko kuthethwa ngabanye. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngqo. Ngabo baziyo ukuba yintoni elungele umntwana wakho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukumjonga umntwana wakho. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo okanye abonakala ngayo, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko. Emva koko umntwana wakho uya kukhula esempilweni, evuya, kwaye emhle!

I- anemia, iintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa, i-anemia kwiintsana, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-hemoglobin, i-jaundice, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha