Akupheleli nje xa sibaleka, sitsiba, size sihambe, kodwa naxa sima nje, kukho elona lungu lisebenza kakhulu ukuxhasa ubunzima bomzimba wethu wonke kwaye lisigcine sizinzile. Lelo lilungu lethu leqakala. Kodwa nangona lilungu elibaluleke kangaka, ngaba siyazi ngokwenene ngalo? Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokujika kancinci emlenzeni wethu, sithi, "Owu, ndikrunekile iqakala lam," akunjalo? Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye eli lungu leqakala? Lenziwe njani? Yiza, masithethe ngalo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iqakala?
Ilungu leqakala lilungu elidibanisa umlenze wakho ongezantsi nonyawo lwakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, kulapho amathambo akho amabini emilenzeni kunye nelinye lamathambo aphambili enyaweni yakho adibana khona. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha balibiza ngokuba yi-"tibiotalar joint" okanye "talocrural joint". Musa ukoyika xa usiva loo magama, kuba onke athetha ngelungu leqakala.
Njengalo lonke ilungu emzimbeni wethu, ilungu leqakala liyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yamathambo. Kodwa ayingomathambo kuphela. Lijikelezwe zimisipha, imisipha, i-cartilage, imithambo-luvo, kunye nemithambo yegazi. Zonke ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukugcina eli lungu lisebenza kakuhle. Ukuba uneentlungu zeqakala, musa ukuzityeshela. Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane unobangela kwaye ufumane unyango.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yale joint?
Khawucinge uhamba. Ngalo lonke ixesha unyawo lwakho lubetha emhlabeni, unyawo lwakho kufuneka lulungelelanise ukungalingani kunye nokuthe tyaba komhlaba. Kungenjalo, ungawa. Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yelungu leqakala kukuncedisa kuloo nto. Oko kukuthi, kukunceda uhlale ulungelelene kwaye uzinzile nanini na xa ushukuma.
Iqakala lingahamba ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili.
- Ukujika kwePlantar: Oku kuthetha ukujolisa unyawo lwakho ezantsi, emhlabeni. Njengokuba unyathela i-accelerator emotweni.
- Ukuqina kwemilenze: Oku kuthetha ukuphakamisa unyawo lwakho phezulu, oko kuthetha ukuphakamisa umzimba wakho ecaleni.
Ezi ntshukumo zimbini zezona zisivumela ukuba senze yonke into ngokulula ukusuka ekuhambeni, ekubalekeni, ekunyukeni nasekuhleni kwezinyuko.
Ihlulwe njani iqatha?
Ilungu leqakala luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwelungu olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Synovial joint)`. `(Synovial joint)` luhlobo lwelungu emzimbeni wethu olunenkululeko enkulu yokuhamba. Iziphelo zamathambo kula malungu zigqunywe luhlobo oluthambileyo kakhulu lwe-cartilage olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hyaline cartilage)`. Kwakhona, kukho into efana nengxowa ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Synovial membrane)` phakathi kwamathambo amabini. Ulwelo olungaphakathi koku luvumela amathambo amabini ukuba ahambe kakuhle ngaphandle kokungqubana. Kufana nokufaka igrisi kumatshini.
Kwaye, ngokusebenzayo, le "yiHinge joint", nto leyo ethetha ihinge joint. Njengehinge yomnyango. Kanye njengokuba ucango lunokuvuleka kwelinye icala luze lusondele kwelinye, iqatha linokunyuka lize liyehla.
Zeziphi iindawo eziqulethwe liqakala?
Makhe sijonge iindawo eziphambili ezenza le joint imangalisayo.
Amathambo
Ilungu leqakala lenziwe ngamathambo amathathu aphambili.
| Igama lethambo | Zisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| I-Tibia | Eli lithambo eliqinileyo neliqinileyo kwindawo yakho yemilenze. Sikwalibiza ngokuba 'lithambo lemilenze'. Iqhubu elingaphakathi kweqakala lakho lenziwe ngeli thambo. |
| I-Fibula | Eli lithambo elincinci elingaphandle kwethambo le-tibia kwindawo yemilenze. Ibhola yonyawo ngaphandle kweqakala lenziwe ngeli thambo. |
| I-Talus | Eli lithambo elingaphezulu komlenze wakho. Amathambo e-tibia kunye ne-fibula ahambelana kweli thambo. |
I-Cartilage
I-cartilage sisicwili esomeleleyo nesiguquguqukayo esikhusela amalungu ethu. Ifana nesixhobo sokufunxa uvalo emotweni. Iziphelo zamathambo kwi-ankle joint zigqunywe luhlobo oluthambileyo lwe-cartilage olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hyaline cartilage). Oku kuvumela amathambo ukuba ahambe kakuhle ngaphandle kokukhuhlana.
Iiligamenti
Iiligamenti zifana neentambo eziqinileyo. Zidibanisa ithambo elinye kwelinye kwaye zigcina ilungu lizinzile. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeligaments eqatheni:
- I-Medial ligaments: Ezi zidibanisa i-tibia namathambo aliqela enyaweni.
- Iiligaments ezisecaleni:Ezi zidibanisa ithambo le-fibula namathambo onyawo. Ezi ligaments zezona zonakala kakhulu xa kuvela ukukruneka kweqakala.
- Ii-syndesmotic ligaments: Ezi zidibanisa amathambo e-tibia kunye ne-fibula.
Izihlunu
Iqatha lakho lishukunyiswa zimisipha esemlenzeni nasenyaweni. Ezi zimisipha ezinika amandla okushukumisa iqatha lakho phezulu, ezantsi, namacala omabini. Ezi zihlunu zikwanceda ekukhuseleni ilungu xa ubaleka kwaye utsiba.
Imithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo yegazi
Imithambo-luvo ziintambo ezithwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni ukuya kwiindawo zomzimba, kwaye zikwathwala neemvakalelo (ezifana nobushushu kunye nentlungu) ezivela kwiindawo zomzimba zibuyela engqondweni. Imithambo-luvo ibalulekile ekulawuleni iintshukumo zeqakala nasekuthumeleni imiyalezo engqondweni malunga noko kuvakala apho. Imithambo yegazi ikwabonelela ngeoksijini kunye nezondlo kwilungu.
Ziziphi iingxaki zeqatha eziqhelekileyo?
Ngenxa yokuba sisebenzisa amaqatha ethu rhoqo, kukho amathuba aphezulu okwenzakala okunxulumene noku.
Ukulimala kweqakala kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabadlali. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba kusenzeka imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ukukruneka kweqakala kunokwenzeka.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ngxaki zixhaphakileyo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Ingxaki/imeko | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukutyumza iqatha | Le yeyona ngozi ixhaphakileyo. Ibandakanya ukukruneka okanye ukukrazuka kwemisipha. |
| Ukuqhekeka kweqatha | Ukuphuka kwethambo elinye okanye ngaphezulu elenza ilungu. Le yimeko enzulu. |
| Isifo samathambo | Ngenxa yokwaluphala okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo, i-cartilage ekwilungu iyawohloka, nto leyo ebangela iintlungu nokuqina. |
| I-Tendinitis | Ukudumba okanye ukudumba kwezicubu (imisipha) ezidibanisa izihlunu namathambo. |
| Igawuthi | Ukwanda kwe-uric acid emzimbeni kubangela ukuba kubekho iikristale emalungeni, nto leyo ebangela iintlungu ezikhawulezileyo neziqatha kunye nokudumba. |
Iimpawu zokuba unokuba nengxaki yeqakala
Ukuba unengxaki ngeqakala lakho, unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu:
- Intlungu: Intlungu, ingakumbi xa ushukuma okanye ubeka ubunzima kwilungu.
- Ukudumba: Ukudumba okujikeleze ilungu.
- Ukuqina: Ukuziva ungakwazi ukugoba okanye ukolula ilungu ngokulula.
- Ukungazinzi: Ukuziva ngathi iqatha "kuyatsiba" xa umi okanye uhamba.
- Ukutshintsha kombala: ukujika kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kube mfusa, okanye kube bomvu, njengokukrweleka.
- Ukufudumala: Indawo ejikeleze ilungu ivakala ifudumele kunezinye iindawo xa ichukunyiswa.
Ukuba ubona uphawu olunje, musa ukulutyeshela, ucinga ukuba yinto encinci.
Yintoni onokuyenza ekhaya ukuba uneentlungu zeqakala?
Ukuba ngequbuliso uva iintlungu okanye ukudumba eqakaleni lakho, kukho indlela yoncedo lokuqala onokuyenza ekhaya ngaphambi kokuba uye kugqirha. Le ndlela siyibiza ngokuba yi-RICE .
| Ileta | Intsingiselo | Kwenziwe ntoni |
|---|---|---|
| R | Ukuphumla | Phumza umlenze owonzakeleyo. Yeka ukubeka ubunzima kuloo mlenze nokwenza izinto ezifana nokuhamba nokubaleka. |
| Mna | Umkhenkce | Faka umkhenkce kwindawo apho kukho iintlungu nokudumba. Songa iityhubhu ezimbalwa zomkhenkce ngelaphu elincinci uze uwufake malunga nemizuzu eli-15 ngexesha. Yenza oku izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini. |
| C | Uxinzelelo | Songa iqatha lakho ngebhandishi elastiki ukulawula ukudumba. Kodwa khumbula, ungalisongi ngokuqinileyo kangangokuba lithintele ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| E | Ukuphakama | Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, gcina umlenze wakho uphezulu ngaphezu kwenqanaba lentliziyo yakho, njengokusebenzisa umqamelo. Oku kuya kunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba. |
Kodwa oku kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba intlungu kunye nokudumba akuphelanga emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokulandela indlela ye-RICE, ukuba intlungu iya isiba mandundu, okanye ukuba intlungu inzima kangangokuba awukwazi nokubeka umlenze wakho phantsi, ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha wakho. Isenokuba yinto enzulu, njengethambo elaphukileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iqatha lilungu elibaluleke kakhulu nelintsonkothileyo elixhasa ubunzima bomzimba wethu kwaye lisigcine sizinzile.
- Ukuba ufumana iintlungu, ukudumba, okanye ukuqina kweqakala lakho, musa ukulibazisa njengento encinci.
- Kwimeko yokwenzakala okungxamisekileyo, ungaqala ulandele indlela ye-RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation).
- Ukuba akukho tshintsho kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye intlungu inzima, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.
- Izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene neqakala zinokuthintelwa ngokuqinisa izihlunu ezijikeleze iqakala ngokuzilolonga ngokufanelekileyo nokunxiba izihlangu ezifanelekileyo nezikhuselekileyo.
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