Ngaba ugqirha wakho uninike iyeza elithi 'Antimetabolite' wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe ukunyanga imeko yomhlaza? Ukuba kunjalo, ungafuna ukwazi yonke into malunga nolu hlobo lweyeza, izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zalo, kunye nendlela elisebenza ngayo. Ii-Antimetabolites ludidi lwamayeza asetyenziswa kwi-chemotherapy ukubulala umhlaza. Enyanisweni, luhlobo lwamayeza amadala kakhulu asetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lomhlaza, ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-1940.
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Zithini ezi antimetabolites? Zisebenza njani?
Ngamafutshane, ii-antimetabolites luhlobo lweyeza elitshabalalisa iiseli (cytotoxic) . Isenzo sazo sincinci kakhulu.
Khawucinge nje, iseli emzimbeni wethu, ingakumbi iseli yomhlaza, ifuna ezinye 'zezithako' zayo ukuze ikhule, yahlule, kwaye yande. Okwenziwa leli yeza kukusebenza 'njengesithako sobuxoki' esifana ngqo nezo zithako. Ngoko ke iiseli zomhlaza ziyakhohliswa kwaye endaweni yezithako zokwenyani ezifunekayo ukuze zikhule, zitya ezi zithako zobuxoki, amayeza ethu.
Ulwazi lwemfuza yeseli, oko kukuthi, iplani epheleleyo yaloo seli, lufumaneka kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-DNA kunye ne -RNA . Xa eli yeza le-antimetabolite lingena kwiseli yomhlaza, loo seli ayikwazi ukwenza iikopi ze-DNA yayo. Kufana nokufaka ikhatriji engalunganga kwiprinta kwaye ayikwazi ukwenza iikopi.
Xa i-DNA ingenakukopishwa, loo seli ayinakukwazi ukwahlukana ibe ziiseli ezintsha. Iiseli zomhlaza ziyayeka ukwanda zize zife.
Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lweyeza lujolise ngokukodwa kwiiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza , lusebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni umhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza.
Ngezantsi kukho ezinye ze-antimetabolites ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lomhlaza.
| Ezinye ii-antimetabolites ezisetyenziswa rhoqo |
|---|
| I-6-mercaptopurine |
| I-Fludarabine |
| 5-fluorouracil |
| I-Gemcitabine |
| I-Cytarabine |
| I-Pemetrexed |
| I-Methotrexate |
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezisetyenziselwa eli yeza?
Ii-antimetabolites zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga umhlaza wegazi ofana ne -leukemia , umhlaza webele , umhlaza wesibeleko , kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu .
Kodwa ngenxa yokuba la mayeza anokuthintela ukukhula kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lweseli oluqhekeka ngokukhawuleza, oogqirha bayawacebisa nakwezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.
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Indlela esetyenziswa ngayo amayeza e-antimetabolite inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiyeza elithethwayo kunye nohlobo lomhlaza olunyangwayo.
- Iipilisi okanye ulwelo: Ezinye ii-antimetabolites ziyafumaneka njengeepilisi okanye ulwelo olunokuthathwa ngomlomo yonke imihla.
- I-Intravenous (IV): Kukho ezinye iintlobo zemijovo ezifakwa emthanjeni. Ezi zihlala zinikwa njengesicombululo setyuwa ngemithambo. Kubantu abafumana unyango olude, la mayeza ngamanye amaxesha anikwa ngetyhubhu ekhethekileyo (mediport) efakwa kumthambo omkhulu, ophakathi.
- Iikhrimu: Iikhrimu ezichasene ne-metabolites ezisetyenziselwa umhlaza wolusu nazo ziyafumaneka njengekhrimu ezisetyenziswa endaweni yolusu echaphazelekayo kanye okanye kabini ngemini.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zale ndlela yonyango?
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yolu hlobo lonyango kukuba lutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, lumise ukukhula komhlaza okanye luwunciphise. Oku kunceda isigulana ukuba siphile kakuhle kwaye songeze ubomi baso.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko okhoyo. La mayeza awasebenzi ngendlela efanayo kubo bonke abantu. Ngamanye amaxesha, noogqirha baba nobunzima bokuchaza ukuba loluphi umhlaza olulungeleyo.
Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha, nangona isebenza kakuhle ekuqaleni, ngokuhamba kwexesha, iiseli zomhlaza ziyaqhelana nale yeza. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yi-resistant'. Emva koko iyeza alisakwazi ukusebenza.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-antimetabolites?
Ngenxa yokuba ii-antimetabolites ziluhlobo lwamayeza, azilonyango olunye, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka. Ke ngoko, ukuba unikwe iyeza elithile le-antimetabolite, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinxulumene nalo.
Kodwa ngokubanzi, kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi ezibonwa kwii-antimetabolites ezininzi.
| Imiphumela | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukungabi namdla wokutya, urhudo, okanye ukuqhina kwesisu. |
| Ukungonwabi komzimba | Ukudinwa, ubuthathaka, iintlungu zemisipha, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nesiyezi. |
| Utshintsho emlonyeni nasemilebeni | Izilonda okanye ukudumba emlonyeni nasemilebeni. |
| Iziphumo kwisibindi | Ii-enzymes zesibindi eziphakamileyo (oku kunokubonisa umonakalo wesibindi okanye ukudumba). |
| Ulusu kunye neenwele | Ukulahleka kweenwele, ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, ulusu olomileyo noluqhekekileyo. |
| Utshintsho emehlweni | Utshintsho lombono okanye ukuva ukukhanya. |
| Iziphumo kwiiseli zegazi | Ukwehla kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko wosulelo. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antimetabolites luhlobo lweyeza le-chemotherapy elikhohlisa iiseli zomhlaza ukuba ziyeke ukukhula kwazo.
- Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza ofana ne-leukemia, umhlaza webele, i-ovarian, kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
- Nangona olu nyango lunenzuzo yokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, lukwathwala neengozi ezifana nokunganyamezelani namayeza kunye nemiphumo emibi.
- Ngenxa yokuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zahlukile kwiziyobisi ezahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele amayeza owasebenzisayo kunye nemiphumo yawo.
- Okona kubaluleke kakhulu: Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphandle kokuthandabuza malunga namayeza owanikwe wona, iziphumo zawo ezingalindelekanga, kunye nayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo. Nguye kuphela onokukunika icebiso elichanekileyo nelifanelekileyo.
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