Ngaba umama, utata, umakhulu, okanye utatomkhulu wakho badla ngokulibala izinto ezincinci kutshanje? Ngaba ngequbuliso bayalibala into ababeza kuyithetha xa bethetha? Ngaba bakhangela apho izitshixo zabo zikhoyo okanye apho iiglasi zabo zikhoyo? Sihlala sicinga ukuba ezi zinto zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezenzekayo njengoko sikhula. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha oku kulibala kunokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Ingakumbi ukuba ulibale iziganeko zakutshanje kwaye ukhumbule izinto ezenzeke kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngokucacileyo, isenokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo sika-Alzheimer. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo esitshabalalisa inkumbulo yakho kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Sisifo esichaphazela ingqondo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, unokuba nengxaki yokukhumbula iziganeko zakutshanje. Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, unokukwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezenzeke kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Njengoko ixesha lihamba, njengoko isifo sisiya sisanda, ezinye iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala.
- Ubunzima bokugxila: Ukungakwazi ukugxila kwinto enye.
- Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yesiqhelo: Nemisebenzi elula efana nokwenza iti okanye ukwabelana ngesidlo iyalityalwa.
- Ukudideka nokudinwa: Izinto zifika engqondweni enye emva kwenye, ingakumbi ebusuku.
- Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimo yeemvakalelo: Iimvakalelo zomsindo, ukucaphuka, ixhala, kunye nokudakumba ngequbuliso.
- Ukulahleka: Ukungakwazi ukufumana indlela yakho, ukulibala apho ukhoyo.
- Iingxaki zomzimba: Indlela ohamba ngayo iyatshintsha, ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho kwaye uwe.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha: Ubunzima bokufumana amagama, ubunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwayo.
Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, usenokulibala abantwana bakho kunye namalungu osapho. Usenokungakwazi ukuzinxibisa, ukutya, okanye ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela wedwa. Esi sifo sitshabalalisa kancinci kancinci izicubu zengqondo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Esi sifo sidla ngokukhula kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala .
Umahluko phakathi kwe-Alzheimer's kunye ne-Dementia
Abantu abaninzi bayawabhidanisa la magama mabini. Masicacise.
I-Dementia ayilogama lesifo esithile. Ligama eliqhelekileyo elithetha ingqokelela yeempawu ezichaphazela izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, amandla okucinga, kunye nokuziphatha.
Ngamafutshane, i-dementia ifana "nomkhuhlane." Zininzi izizathu ezahlukeneyo zomkhuhlane, ezifana nomkhuhlane we-dengue kunye ne-influenza. Ngokufanayo, zininzi izizathu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Isifo se-Alzheimer sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo nesiphambili se-dementia. Oko kukuthi, i-dementia inokwenzeka ngenxa yezinye izizathu, nokuba ayinaso isifo se-Alzheimer.
Zithini izigaba zesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo sika-Alzheimer siqhubeka kancinci kancinci ngezigaba ezintathu eziphambili.
| Inqanaba lesifo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokuqala (Eliphantsi) | Ngeli xesha, iimpawu azibonakali. Ngabo basondeleyo kakhulu kwisigulana kuphela ababona utshintsho oluncinci. Banokuqhuba imoto baze bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yoluntu. Kodwa baqala ukulibala iinkcukacha, ukucwangcisa umsebenzi, kunye nokuba izinto zikuphi. |
| Iphakathi | Eli lelona nqanaba lide kakhulu lesi sifo. Linokuhlala iminyaka. Iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu kancinci kancinci, kwaye abanye baqala ukuqaphela olu tshintsho ngokulula. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha (umsindo, ukucaphuka) lunokuphawuleka ngakumbi njengoko kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ngeli nqanaba, isigulana sifuna umntu oza kubonelela ngokhuseleko nokhathalelo. |
| Inqanaba lokugqibela (Elinzima) | Kule nqanaba, isigulana sinokufuna ukhathalelo oluhlala iiyure ezingama-24. Sisenokungazi ukuba singqongwe yintoni. Sisenokungakwazi nokwenza imisebenzi elula efana nokuhamba, ukuhlala phantsi, nokuginya. Ukuthetha kunzima kakhulu. |
Zithini izizathu zesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Izazinzulu azikayazi eyona nto ibangela i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Isizathu sokuba abanye abantu bayikhulele abanye bangayikhuli sisaphandwa. Kodwa bayazi ukuba utshintsho oluphambili luvela engqondweni olukhokelela kwezi mpawu:
1. Ii-neurofibrillary tangles: Iiseli zemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni zidibana njengeebhola zentambo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-neurofibrillary tangles .
2. Iiproteni ezifakwayo: Uhlobo lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba zii-beta-amyloid plaques lufakwa phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo.
Nangona kungaziwa ukuba kwenzeka njani okanye kutheni lo monakalo, kufunyenwe ukuba unefuthe kwimfuza. I-ApoE (apolipoprotein E) egazini lethuKurhanelwa ukuba kukho iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-ApoE. Abantu abaneentlobo ezithile ze-ApoE basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-Alzheimer's.
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwam onalo, ngaba nam ndiya kulifumana? (Ingaba lufuzo?)
Impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Akukho sizathu sinye semfuza se-Alzheimer's. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye umntakwenu wayenaso esi sifo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso kunabanye. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba naso.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uneempawu ze-Alzheimer's, qala ubonane nogqirha wosapho lwakho. Uza kukuthumela kwingcali ye-neurologist ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ugqirha uza kubuza imibuzo wena kunye nelungu losapho lwakho ukuze niqonde ngcono imeko yenu.
Babuza ngokuthe ngqo ngezi zinto:
- Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngenkumbulo okanye ngokucinga? Ukuba kunjalo, zinjani?
- Ngaba kukho utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo okanye ubuntu bakho?
- Ngaba ezi ngxaki zichaphazele ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla?
Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Uvavanyo olulinganisa inkumbulo, amandla okusombulula iingxaki, ingqalelo, kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Jonga ezinye iimeko zempilo.
- Uvavanyo lwengqondo: Jonga imeko yengqondo.
- Iiskeni zobuchopho: Uvavanyo olufana ne-CT, i-MRI, kunye neeskeni ze-PET.
- Ukumpompa komqolo: Ukuhlola ulwelo olusebuchotsheni nakwintambo yomqolo (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal - CSF).
Unyango kunye nolawulo
Akukho nyango lwesifo se-Alzheimer. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza aliqela anokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kwaye alawule iimpawu . La mayeza anokunceda isigulana ukuba siphile ubomi obusempilweni okwethutyana.
Umzekelo, amayeza amatsha afana ne-`Lecanemab (Leqembi)` kunye ne-`Donanemab (Kinsula)` azama ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo ngokususa iproteni eyingozi (i-beta-amyloid) eqokelelana engqondweni. Oogqirha bakwacebisa amayeza afana ne-`Cholinesterase inhibitors` kunye ne-`Memantine` ukulawula iimpawu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha la mayeza kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha . Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.
Ingcebiso kwabo banyamekela isigulane esine-Alzheimer's
Ukuba unomntu omthandayo onesi sifo, ukumnyamekela kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kunye nentsikelelo. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze wenze ubomi bakhe bube lula kancinci:
- Yenza ucwangciso: Zama ukuhlamba, ukutyisa, kunye nokumnxibisa ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukudideka kwabo.
- Sela amayeza akho ngexesha: Sebenzisa isixhobo sokulandelela iipilisi ukuze ulandelele amayeza akho emihla ngemihla. Xa ukugula kukubi, thatha uxanduva olupheleleyo lokusela amayeza akho.
- Yenza ikhaya lakho likhuseleke ngakumbi: Susa iikhaphethi ezityibilikayo. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukukhanya okufanelekileyo. Faka ii-bars zokubamba kwigumbi lokuhlambela nakwindlu yangasese.
- Nxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo: Khetha iimpahla ezikhululekileyo nezilula ukuzinxiba ezine-elastiki endaweni yamaqhosha kunye neziphu.
- Yiba nomonde kwaye ube nentlonelo: Thetha nabo ngothando. Mamela oko bakuthethayo. Babandakanye kwincoko. Musa ukuvumela isidima sabo sonakaliswe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer asiyonto iqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Sisifo esichaphazela ingqondo.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho olibala ngokungaqhelekanga okanye obonakalisa utshintsho kwindlela aziphethe ngayo, musa ukumtyeshela loo nto.
- Ngokubona isifo kwasekuqaleni, izinga lokuqhubela phambili kwaso linokulawulwa kwaye isigulana sinokunikwa ubomi obungcono.
- Ekubeni kukho unyango loku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.
- Ukunyamekela umntu ogulayo ngumceli mngeni. Ngoko ke, njengomnakekeli, khathalela impilo yakho yengqondo neyomzimba. Cela uncedo ukuba uyalufuna.
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