Yintoni i-Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease? Ngaba unengxaki yokuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni yakho? Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube neentlungu emilenzeni xa uhamba? Ngaba iintlungu ziyaphela emva kokuma okwethutyana? Okanye uziva ungenazimvakalelo okanye ukubanda emilenzeni yakho? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zento enzulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease', enegama elinzima, kodwa elinokuchaphazela abantu abaninzi. Ungakhathazeki, masichaze oku ngokulula.

Yintoni i-Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease?

Ngamafutshane, oku kukuvaleka komthambo wegazi oyintloko ohambisa igazi kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzimba wethu. Le meko ikwiqela elikhulu lezifo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD),' ebhekisa kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwimilenze.

Esi sifo sichaphazela kakhulu inxalenye esezantsi ye-`(Aorta)`, eyona mthambo wegazi mkhulu emzimbeni wethu, kunye nemithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Iliac arteries)`. I-`(Aorta)` yimithambo ephambili ethwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya esifubeni ukuya esiswini. I-`(Iliac arteries)` ngamasebe amabini aphambili ale `(Aorta)` ahlukana kubini kufutshane nesisu aze athwale igazi ukuya emilenzeni.

Ngoku, okwenzekayo kwesi sifo kukuba into ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Plaque)` iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwezi mithambo yegazi. `(Plaque)` yinto enamathelayo eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana neoyile kunye ne-cholesterol. Khawucinge nje, oku kufana nomhlwa kunye nothuli oluqokelelana ngaphakathi kombhobho wamanzi endlwini yethu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kukho izizathu ezibini zokuba le `(iplaque)` iyingozi:

• Inciphisa indawo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi: Le `(iplaque)` iyaqokelelana, inciphisa indawo yokuba igazi lihambe ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Emva koko ukuhamba kwegazi kuyavalwa, njengokuxinana kwezithuthi.
• Ingabangela i-`(Embolus)`: Ngamanye amaxesha iqhekeza lale `(Plaque)` linokwaphuka lize lihambe negazi. Iqhekeza eliqhekeka ngolu hlobo libizwa ngokuba yi-`(Embolus).` Ukuba le `(Embolus)` inamathele ndaweni ithile kumthambo wegazi omncinci, ukuhamba kwegazi ukusuka apho kuya kuma ngokupheleleyo.

Oku kuyichaphazela njani imizimba yethu?

Isifo se-Aortoiliac Occlusive sisifo apho ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo ye-Aorta kunye ne-Iliac kuthinteleka khona. Oku kubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kuba igazi elineoksijini alifikeleli kwizicubu zomzimba wethu ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka wazi okuncinci ngale mithambo yegazi.

I-'(Aorta)' yethu ifana nendlela enkulu esixekweni. Ukusuka kule ndlela inkulu, iindlela ezininzi ezisecaleni zithatha igazi ziye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Umzekelo, i-'(Renal arteries)`, ehambisa igazi kwizintso zethu, yahlukana ne-`(Aorta).` Olu lwahlulo ngumda ophezulu apho i-`(Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease)` inokuqala khona. Oogqirha babiza inxalenye ye-`(Aorta)` ngezantsi kwezi `(Renal arteries)`, ukuya kwinkaba, yi-`(Infrarenal aorta)`.

Ngoku, ezantsi kwekhakayi, le `(Aorta)` yahlukana yaba zimbini , njengo-'Y' ojonge phantsi . Le yimithambo yegazi emibini ebizwa ngokuba yi-`right and left `(Common iliac artery)`. La masebe ahlukana ngakumbi aze anike igazi kwiindawo ezilandelayo zomzimba wethu:

• Indawo yamathanga
• Imilenze neenyawo
• Indawo yesinqe
• Iindawo zenkqubo yokuzala yamadoda nabasetyhini
• Amalungu e-pelvic cavity (umz., isinyi, isibindi)

Ubunzima besifo buxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala le-'Y' elivalekileyo kwaye livalekile kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba yindawo encinci kuphela evalekileyo, kusenokungabikho zimpawu zibalulekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba igazi linokuhamba ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile ngemithambo emincinci. Kodwa ukuba livalekile kakhulu, iimpawu zinzima ngakumbi kwaye amathuba okuba neengxaki aphezulu.

Ngubani onokuthi abe nesi sifo?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 eMelika kuphela. Umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Umzekelo, malunga ne-5% yabantu abakwiminyaka engama-50 banaso, kodwa ngaphezulu kwe-20% yabantu abakwiminyaka engama-80 banokuba naso. Kwakhona, esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda nakubantu abamnyama.

Ngaba oku kungasongela ubomi?

Ewe, ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, i-Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu, ngamanye amaxesha ezisongela ubomi. Ezi zezona ziphambili ezinokwenzeka:

• Ukunqunyulwa kwezicubu: Oku kuthetha ukunqunyulwa nokususwa kwenxalenye yomzimba, njengomlenze. Oku kwenzeka kuba izicwili ziyafa xa igazi linqanyulwa.
• `(Uhlaselo lwentliziyo)` (Uhlaselo lwentliziyo): Uhlaselo lwentliziyo.
• `(Ukusilela kwentliziyo)` (Ukusilela kwentliziyo): Ukusilela kwentliziyo.
• `(Gangrene): Ukufa nokubola kwezicubu.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela ezi mpawu.

Zithini iimpawu?

Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo iimpawu konke konke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba banazo, basenokuba:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Ukungakwazi kwamadoda ukufikelela okanye ukugcina i-erection ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo. Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa nesi sifo.
• `(Intermittent claudication)` (Intermittent claudication): Olu luphawu olukhulu olufunyanwa ngabantu abaninzi. Xa uzilolonga, umzekelo, xa uhamba, kukho iintlungu, ukuqina, okanye ukuqina kweempundu okanye imilenze. Kuphela emva kokuphumla okwethutyana. Khawuthelekelele ukuba kwilali yethu, xa uMalume uSomapala eya evenkileni, emva kokuhamba umgama omfutshane, uyema athi, "Ah, umlenze wam!", aze emva kwexesha, aphinde ahambe. Leyo yimeko efanayo.
• Intlungu Yokuphumla: Intlungu emilenzeni ekuvusayo ebusuku. Le ntlungu inokwenzeka ingakumbi xa imilenze yakho iphakanyisiwe, njengoko amandla omhlaba enciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni.
• Izilonda: Amanxeba angapholiyo eluswini, aziwa ngokuba zizilonda, anokubonwa emilenzeni okanye ezinyaweni zeenyawo.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Kuba ukuba uzibona kwangethuba iimpawu ze-'Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease', kulula ukuzinyanga.

Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga neengxaki zokuhamba kwegazi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho, njengemithambo ye-carotid entanyeni yakho okanye imithambo ye-coronary entliziyweni yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba i-plaque iqokelelana kwenye indawo yomzimba wakho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ikwakho nakwezinye iindawo.

Ingxamiseko: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo okubukhali

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, xa imeko iba mandundu, kunokubakho imeko engxamisekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi- "Acute arterial occlusion" . Oku kuthetha ukuba inxalenye yomzimba wakho, ngokuqhelekileyo umlenze okanye unyawo, ayinalo igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo! Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'six Ps' kwaye kuneempawu ezimbalwa:

• Intlungu: Intlungu enganyamezelekiyo neqatha . Le yinto yokuqala oyivayo.
• Ulusu olusemlenzeni ochaphazelekayo luba mhlophe kakhulu .
• Ukungabikho kwentliziyo ephefumlayo: Intliziyo ephefumlayo kuloo ndawo ibuthathaka kakhulu, okanye ayivakali konke konke.
• I-Poikilothermia (ukubanda): Xa ichukunyiswa, loo mlenze uvakala ubanda kunomnye.
• I-Paresthesia (ukungaziva mnandi): Kuvakala ngathi umlenze wakho awuziva mnandi, ngathi ziimbovane ezibalekayo, okanye ngathi ziinaliti .
• Ukukhubazeka: Ilungu elichaphazelekayo alinakuvakala okanye lishukunyiswe.

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, fowunela u-911 okanye uye kwisebe likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane ngoko nangoko! Yonke imizuzu ibalulekile. Okukhona ukuhamba kwegazi kuvaliwe ixesha elide, kokukhona kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu kwizicubu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukunqunyulwa okanye ukufa kunokwenzeka.

Zithini izizathu zoku?

Eyona nto ibangela esi `Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease` yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi`(Atherosclerosis)` . Ngamafutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba i`(Plaque)` ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili iyanda kancinci kancinci ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yomzimba. Kwesi sifo, loo `(Plaque)` ifakwa kwinxalenye esezantsi ye`(Aorta)` kunye ne`(Iliac arteries)`.

Ngaphandle koko, kunokubakho ezinye izizathu ezingaqhelekanga:

• Ukuba ukhe wanyangwa ngemitha kwindawo ye-pelvic.
• Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Vasculitis".

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Ekubeni nabani na enokuba ne-atherosclerosis, nabani na unokuba nesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinyusa umngcipheko:

• Ukwaluphala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo semithambo yegazi (i-PAD), xelela ugqirha wakho ngaso.
• Ukutshaya: Le yingxaki enkulu! Ukutshaya yingxaki enkulu yesi sifo, kunye nezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi. Ukuba utshaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lokuyeka.
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango:
• `Isifo seswekile`
• Igazi elonyukayo
• 'I-cholesterol ephezulu'
• `I-Takayasu's arteritis` (le yimeko engaqhelekanga echaphazela imithambo yegazi)

Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza oku kulandelayo ukuze axilonge imeko okanye asuse esinye isizathu:

1. Ukubuza imibuzo:

• Zithini iimpawu zakho?
• Ukususela nini ezi zinto zikhona?
• Uziva nini kakhulu ezi zinto?
• Ingaba iyancipha xa usenza into ethile?
• Ngaba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu?
• Ngaba kukho umntu onesifo esinjalo kusapho lwakho?
• Ziziphi ezinye izifo onazo?

2. Yenza uvavanyo lomzimba: Jonga impilo yakho ngokubanzi.

3. Wenza iimvavanyo ezininzi:

• I-Ankle-brachial index (ABI): Olu luvavanyo olulula nolungenazintlungu. Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezingalweni zakho nasemilenzeni luyalinganiswa kwaye luthelekiswa. Oku kunika umbono ocacileyo wokuba igazi lihamba kakuhle kangakanani ukuya emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokukunceda ukujonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye neswekile, kunye nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, kunye nempilo yakho ngokubanzi.
• `(I-computed tomography angiogram (CTA))`: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-`CT scan`. Lunokubona ngokucacileyo izinto ezinje ngokuba `(iplaque)` ikwindawo engaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokuba ivalekile kangakanani.
• I-Vascular ultrasound (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Doppler scan): Oku kusebenzisa amaza e-ultrasound ukujonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokujonga ukuba kukho naziphi na izithintelo.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango luxhomekeke kubunzulu bemeko yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye namayeza anokunceda ukulawula imeko kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Amayeza okulwa neeplatelet, anjenge-aspirin okanye i-clopidogrel, liyeza elinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi .
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya: Ukulandela ukutya okunempilo, njengokutya kwaseMedithera okanye ukutya kwe-DASH, kunokunceda ukulawula izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye ne-cholesterol.
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho kunokunciphisa izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko kwaye kuphucule ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni yakho.
• Amayeza akhethekileyo (umz., iCilostazol) eentlungu zemilenze ezenzeka xa uhamba (`Intermittent claudication`).
• Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol (`Statins`).
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo kuyimfuneko.

Ukuba ezi zinto azilawuli isifo, unokufuna izinto ezifana nezi:

• Utyando lwe-bypass: Kwenziwa indlela entsha yokudlula umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo. Oku kufana ne-coronary artery bypass. Indawo yokuvaleka kunye nendawo apho i-bypass iqala kwaye iphela khona inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yempilo.
• `(Ukubekwa kwe-Stent)`: I-`(Stent)` encinci efana ne-mesh ifakwa ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi ovalekileyo ukuze iwandise. Oku kuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa iindlela ze-`(Endovascular)`, oko kuthetha ukufaka le `(Stent)` ngomngxuma omncinci ngaphandle kokwenza umngxuma omkhulu.

Lonke unyango lunezibonelelo zalo kunye neengxaki zalo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuxoxa ngako konke oku nogqirha wakho uze ugqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Ngaba esi sifo singathintelwa?

Kusenokungabi lula ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Yeka ukutshaya nazo zonke iimveliso zecuba.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo okunamafutha agcweleyo angaphantsi, i-cholesterol, ityuwa, kunye neswekile.
• Zilolonge rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, amanqanaba eswekile egazini, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol.
• Thatha amayeza anikwe ngugqirha ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.

Ukuba unezinto ezibangela esi sifo okanye i-atherosclerosis, thetha nogqirha wakho. Okukhona uqala ngokukhawuleza ukulawula izinto ezibangela umngcipheko, kokukhona amathuba akho okuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu kamva.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinesi sifo?

Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo ngemeko yakho, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho. Unyango olufana no-"Bypass surgery" kunye no-"Stent placement" ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo kwaye iziphumo zihlala ixesha elide. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela okungakumbi malunga nokuba ulindele ntoni kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho malunga notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye namayeza ngokuchanekileyo. Kubalulekile nokusebenzisana ngokukhutheleyo nogqirha wakho kunyango lwakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Buza ugqirha wakho iinkcukacha ngemeko yakho uze uyiqonde kakuhle.
• Ukuba kukho into ongayiqondiyo, buza imibuzo. Ungoyiki, ugqirha ukhona ukukunceda.
• Fumana into onokuyenza ukuze uthintele esi sifo ukuba singabi mandundu.
• Funda ukuba zeziphi iimpawu kunye nento omawuyenze xa zisenzeka.
• Qaphela iindlela zonyango.
• Buza ugqirha wakho ngezixhobo kunye namaqela enkxaso anokukunceda. Oku kuya kukunceda udibane nabanye abantu abakwimeko efanayo nawe kwaye wabelane ngamava akho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Qiniseka ukuba uya kwiindibano zokulandelela ugqirha wakho akunike zona. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba uza kangaphi kwaye zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka uzenze.

Kwakhona, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ezikhoyo ziyatshintsha, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Khumbula njengesishwankathelo

Isifo se-Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease luhlobo lwesifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle. Sinokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bakho kwaye sinokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ungenza into yonke imihla ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho nokulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokulawula imeko yakho kunye noko unokukulindela kwixesha elizayo. Awuwedwa, kwaye ungoyiki ukucela uncedo.

Isifo sokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi , isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze imithambo yegazi, i-PAD, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, iintlungu zomlenze, i-atherosclerosis, i-plaque, i-embolus, i-intermittent claudication, i-stent, utyando lwe-bypass