Ngaloo mzuzu umhle xa umntwana wakho efika kweli hlabathi, oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi ngequbuliso bathetha nawe, "Yintoni i-Apgar score?" Usenokuba uzibuza, "Ithetha ukuthini le Apgar? Ngaba kukho into engalunganga ngomntwana wam?" Musa ukoyika. Le yindlela elula kakhulu nebalulekileyo esetyenziswa ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza impilo yomntwana kwangoko nje ukuba azelwe. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-Apgar score.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Apgar Score?
Cinga nge-Apgar score 'njengesithombe esifutshane' semeko yomntwana emva kokuzalwa. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba baqonde ngokukhawuleza indlela umntwana azivumelanisa ngayo nehlabathi langaphandle ukusuka kwindawo esesibelekweni. Oku kunceda kakhulu ekugqibeni ukuba umntwana udinga uncedo olongezelelweyo, oko kukuthi, inkxaso encinci.
Kodwa kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha.
Inqaku le-Apgar alinakuxela kwangaphambili ikamva lomntwana wakho. Alinakuxela kwangaphambili nantoni na malunga nobukrelekrele bomntwana, indlela aza kukhula ngayo njengoko ekhula, okanye impilo yakhe yexesha elizayo. Liyindlela nje yokulinganisa imeko yomntwana ekuzalweni kwakhe.
Kwakhona, oogqirha abasebenzisi i-Apgar score kuphela ukuze bagqibe ukuba loluphi unyango umntwana aludingayo. Sisixhobo esinye abasisebenzisayo.
Inqaku le-Apgar linikwa njani? Makhe sijonge ezi nyaniso zi-5
Xa kumiselwa amanqaku e-Apgar, kukho izinto ezintlanu eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Nganye kwezi zinto inokunikwa amanqaku angama-0, 1, okanye ama-2. Okokugqibela, zonke ezi zinto zongezwa kunye ukuze kubalwe amanqaku e-Apgar iyonke. Kulungile, masibone ukuba zeziphi ezo zinto zi-5?
| Into ekufuneka ivavanywe | Ukunika amanqaku kunye nenkcazo |
|---|---|
| Inkangeleko (umbala wolusu) | Oku kwenzelwa ukufumana umbono wenqanaba leoksijini egazini lomntwana.
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| Ukubetha kwentliziyo (i-pulse) | Oku kulinganisa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana.
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| I-Grimace (impendulo ye-reflex) | Usana lubonakala lusabela kwizinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala (umz., ngokubeka intwana encinci yokufunxa empumlweni okanye emlonyeni).
|
| Umsebenzi (umsebenzi wezihlunu) | Sijonga ukuba umntwana uhamba kakuhle kangakanani na.
|
| Ukuphefumla (ukuphefumla) | Sijonga ukuba umntwana uphefumla kakuhle kangakanani na.
|
Udibanisa njani amanqaku uze uwaqonde?
Xa amanqaku azo zonke izinto ezintlanu edityanisiwe kunye, amanqaku ewonke anokusukela ku-0 ukuya kwi-10. Oogqirha bajonga la manqaku ubuncinane kabini.
1. Umzuzu omnye emva kokuzalwa.
2. Imizuzu emi-5 emva kokuzalwa.
Ezi mpawu zihlala zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Amanqaku 7 ukuya kwi-10: Usana lusempilweni entle. (Ukuqinisekisa)
- Amanqaku 4 ukuya ku-6: Umntwana usenokufuna inkxaso. (Ayiqhelekanga kakuhle)
- Amanqaku 0 ukuya ku-3: Usana lufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. (Ezantsi)
Ukuba amanqaku omntwana emizuzu emi-5 angaphantsi kwe-7, oogqirha baya kujonga la manqaku rhoqo emva kwemizuzu emi-5 kangangemizuzu engama-20.
Kuthekani ukuba ulusu lomntwana lumnyama?
Omnye umda wenkqubo yokulinganisa i-Apgar kukuba ijonga umbala wolusu. Inika amanqaku aphezulu kupinki, nto leyo ngamanye amaxesha enokuba yinto engafanelekanga kwiintsana ezinesikhumba esimnyama. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha abanamava bajonga umbala wemilebe, ulwimi, kunye neentsini kunokuba bajonge umbala wolusu lomntwana. Umbala wezo ndawo unokunika umbono ongcono wamanqanaba eoksijini emzimbeni.
Ithini i-Apgar score eqhelekileyo?
Inqaku le-Apgar eliyi-7 nangaphezulu lihle kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki ukuba umntwana wakho akafumani i-10 epheleleyo kwi-10. Kwaneentsana ezisempilweni azifane zifumane i-10 epheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuba ukujikeleza kwegazi lomntwana kubuyele kwisimo esiqhelekileyo emva kokuzalwa. Ke ngoko, kuqhelekile ukuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancinci emilenzeni (apho amanqaku engaphantsi ngenqaku eli-1)
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amanqaku e-Apgar omntwana aphantsi? Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke?
Hayi, ungakhathazeki. Amanqaku e-Apgar angaphantsi kwe-7 athetha nje ukuba umntwana udinga uncedo oluncinci lokuziqhelanisa neli hlabathi litsha. Oko kuthetha ukuba iqela lezonyango liza kunika umntwana inkxaso ayidingayo ngoko nangoko. Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezinikwa umntwana ngelo xesha:
- Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo: Ioksijini inikwa umntwana ukuze kube lula ukuphefumla.
- Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu yomoya xa umntwana enengxaki yokuphefumla: Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokufuneka ufake ityhubhu encinci ukuze indlela yomoya yomntwana ihlale ivulekile.
- Ukucinezelwa kwesifuba: Ukuba isantya sentliziyo sibuthathaka, sihlikihle kancinci ukuze usivuselele.
- Amayeza anjenge-epinephrine: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunikwa amayeza okuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Umoya womoya osetyenziswa ngoomatshini: Ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokuphefumla yedwa, unokunikwa umoya womoya osetyenziswa ngoomatshini, njengomoya womoya osebenza ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu (PPV) okanye uxinzelelo lomoya oluqhubekayo oluvela kwiintsana (NCPAP).
Zithini izizathu zokuba amanqaku aphantsi e-Apgar abe sezantsi?
Amaxesha amaninzi, amanqaku aphantsi e-Apgar ayenzeka xa umntwana enengxaki yokuqhelana nobomi ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Oku kubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukuzalwa komntwana nge-cesarean section (C-section).
- Ukuzala kunzima okanye kuthatha ixesha elide.
- Ulwelo (into efana nobovu) lunamathele kwindlela yomoya yomntwana.
- Ukuba neengxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa (ukukhulelwa okunobungozi obukhulu).
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
Ungaze ucinge ukuba yimpazamo yakho xa into efana nale isenzeka. Ukukhulelwa nokuzala kudla ngokuba zizinto esingenakukwazi ukuzilawula.
Ngubani owasungula indlela ye-Apgar?
Le nkqubo yokufumana amanqaku yaqala ukuqaliswa ngo-1952 yingcali yokudambisa iintlungu egama linguGqr. Virginia Apgar. Okumangalisayo kukuba, xa wayesungula le nkqubo, akazange asebenzise oonobumba begama lakhe. Kamva, ngo-1962, abanye oogqirha ababini babantwana baqamba igama elithi APGAR ukuze kube lula ukukhumbula la manqaku mahlanu.
Okokugqibela, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuxhalabela amanqaku e-Apgar omntwana wakho. Kodwa khumbula, sisixhobo nje sokunceda oogqirha baqonde imeko yomntwana wakho ngelo xesha. Ayichazi ikamva lomntwana wakho. Nokuba ngawaphi amanqaku, iqela lakho lezonyango liya kubonelela ngononophelo olungcono kakhulu kumntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Apgar Score yindlela ekhawulezayo yokulinganisa impilo yomntwana ekuzalweni kwakhe, hayi ukuqikelela ikamva.
- Amanqaku aphantsi athetha ukuba umntwana udinga uncedo olungakumbi kunye nengqalelo ngelo xesha.
- Kuqhelekile ukuba umntwana osempilweni angafumani amanqaku ali-10 kwali-10. Musa ukukhathazeka ngaloo nto.
- Ukuba amanqaku e-Apgar omntwana aphantsi, ayilotyala likamama. Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela umntwana esingenakukwazi ukuzilawula.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, zive ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngayo nogqirha wakho.
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