Ngaba uyazi nge-APOE Gene Test? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngovavanyo lwe-gene lwe-`APOE` ndaweni ithile, okanye usenokuba awuzange weva. Olu luvavanyo lwe-genetic. Lujonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-gene (`genotype`) olubize ngokuba yi-apolipoprotein E (`apolipoprotein E (APOE)`). Oku kubalulekile kuba ukuba unezahluko ezithile ze-gene ze-`APOE`, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer. Kodwa ungoyiki xa usiva oku. Siza kuthetha ngako konke oku ngokucacileyo nangokulula kweli nqaku.

Yintoni i-'APOE' gene? Ngaba sinayo emizimbeni yethu?

Ewe, i-'APOE' gene yi-gene enika imiyalelo kwiiseli zethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, le gene ixelela iiseli zethu ukuba zenze iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-'apolipoprotein E'. Le protein ibaluleke kakhulu kuba idibana namafutha ('lipids'), njenge-cholesterol, emizimbeni yethu ukuze yenze amasuntswana e-'lipoprotein'. La masuntswana e-lipoprotein yiwo athwala i-cholesterol kunye namanye amafutha ngemithambo yegazi yethu. Ngamafutshane, isebenza njengesithuthi esithutha i-cholesterol ejikeleze imizimba yethu.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili, okanye ii-alleles, ze-APOE gene:

• `APOE-e2 (APOE2)`
• `APOE-e3 (APOE3)`
• `APOE-e4 (APOE4)`

Sonke sizuza iikopi ezimbini ze-'APOE' gene. Enye ivela kumama wethu, enye ivela kubaba wethu. Ngoko ke ungaba nayo nayiphi na indibaniselwano ye-'alleles' ezimbini kwezi zintathu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Umzekelo, ungaba ne-'APOE-e3/e3`, `APOE-e3/e4`, `APOE-e2/e4`, njalo njalo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kudibaniso lwezakhi zofuzo ozizuzileyo, indlela umzimba wakho othutha ngayo i-cholesterol kunye namanye amafutha egazini lakho inokuchaphazeleka, nto leyo enokunyusa okanye inciphise umngcipheko wakho wokuba neemeko ezithile zempilo.

Loluphi uhlobo lwe-APOE gene olunxulunyaniswa nesifo sika-Alzheimer?

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule : Akukho jini ifunyenweyo ebangela isifo se-Alzheimer's ngokuthe ngqo. Oko kukuthi, akukho nto ifana nokuthi "ukuba unale jini, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba ne-Alzheimer's."

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuba unekopi enye ubuncinane yohlobo lwe-gene oluthi `APOE-e4 (APOE4)`, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo se-Alzheimer unokwanda kancinci. Oku, nako, kuchaphazela kakhulu abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, okubizwa ngokuba yi-`late-onset Alzheimer's disease`. Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala banokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer, esibizwa ngokuba yi-`early-onset Alzheimer's disease`. Isifo se-Alzheimer sisifo esibangela ukulahleka kwenkumbulo kancinci kancinci, okanye i-dementia.

Kwelinye icala, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuba ne-'APOE-e2 (APOE2)` yohlobo lwejini kunika ukhuseleko oluthile kwisifo se-Alzheimer. Nokuba umntu onolu hlobo lwejini uba nesifo se-Alzheimer, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kamva ebomini kunomntu one-'APOE-e4 (APOE4)` yohlobo lwejini.

Kubalulekile: Umngcipheko okhulayo akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nesifo. Kuthetha nje ukuba unamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo kunezinye. Izakhi zofuzo zezinye zezinto ezichaphazela umngcipheko. Ezinye izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela oku.

Ungajonga njani ukuba unayo i-gene ye-`APOE4`?

Uvavanyo lwe-APOE gene luvavanyo lokuzithandela. Abantu abaninzi bafumanisa nge-APOE gene ngovavanyo lwe-genetic ekhaya. Okanye, ukuba unomdla wokwazi umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo se-Alzheimer, ungabuza ugqirha wakho ngaso. Usenokufuna ukuqwalasela ukuvavanywa, ingakumbi ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, njengabazali bakho okanye abantakwenu, unesifo se-Alzheimer (imbali yosapho).

Ukuba sele unesifo sika-Alzheimer, ugqirha unokucebisa olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha ukuze akuncede ubone ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-APOE gene lukwasisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu kubaphandi, abathelekisa iziphumo zezi mvavanyo kunye nezifundo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga ubuchopho ukuze bazame ukufumana unyango olutsha nolusebenzayo lwesifo se-Alzheimer.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-APOE lwemfuza? Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele?

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zihlala zenzeka ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-APOE:

1. Ukuthatha isampuli: Ugqirha okanye umsebenzi wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo uza kuthatha isampuli ye-'DNA' kuwe. Oku kungenziwa ngokuthatha igazi elincinci ('uvavanyo lwegazi') okanye ngokuthatha iiseli ezincinci ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho ('i-cheek swab'). Le yinkqubo engenabuhlungu kwaye ilula kakhulu .

2. Ukuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri: Isampulu ye-'DNA' efunyenweyo ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ekhethekileyo.

3. Uvavanyo: Ilebhu ivavanya isampuli ye-DNA ize ifumanise ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze-gene yakho ye-APOE.

4. Ukuxoxa ngeziphumo: Emva kokuba iziphumo zifikile, ugqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wezemfuza uza kuthetha nawe ngeziphumo kunye nentsingiselo yazo.

Ukuba usebenzisa uvavanyo lomngcipheko ekhaya, kufuneka ufunde imiyalelo eza nekhithi yovavanyo ngononophelo kwaye uyilandele ngokuchanekileyo. Iikhithi zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo zinokuba neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kancinci. Kungcono ukuxoxa ngeziphumo nogqirha wakho emva kokuba uzifumene.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-APOE?

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-APOE genetic test zikuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwee-alleles ze-APOE gene onazo. Umzekelo, iziphumo zakho ziya kukuxelela ukuba ngaba une-APOE-e3/e3, APOE-e3/e4, okanye i-APOE-e2/e3.

Iziphumo zeekiti zovavanyo lwasekhaya zinokwahluka kancinci kwiziphumo ozifumana kugqirha. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungabuza inkampani eyenze uvavanyo.

Ugqirha okanye umcebisi wezemfuza uza kukuchazela intsingiselo yezi ziphumo. Umzekelo, ukuba iziphumo zibonisa ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo se-Alzheimer, ugqirha wakho angenza iingcebiso zokukunceda ugcine impilo yakho iyonke . Umzekelo:

• Ukuzibandakanya kumsebenzi womzimba okanye umthambo rhoqo .
• Lala ngokwaneleyo umzimba wakho.
• Ukuhlala usebenza nabantu ngokuchitha ixesha nabahlobo kunye nosapho.
• Ukuphonononga ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezinje ngokugqibezela iiphazili, ukufunda iincwadi, okanye ukufunda into entsha.

Ukongeza koku, ugqirha wakho unokubonelela nangezinye iingcebiso eziphathelele imeko yakho yempilo.

Ithetha ukuthini into ethi `APOE4` positive?

Ukuba i-'APOE4` ilungile kuthetha ukuba unekopi enye ubuncinane ye-'APOE-e4 (APOE4)` gene kwi-'DNA' yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-genetic makeup yakho inokuba yi-'APOE-e3/e4`, `APOE-e4/e4`, okanye `APOE-e2/e4`.

Ingaba lithini ithuba lokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer's ukuba une-gene ethi 'APOE4'?

Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-25% yoluntu ngokubanzi banekopi enye yejini ye-`APOE-e4 (APOE4)`. Kwakhona, phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-5% banekopi zombini zale jini (`APOE-e4/e4`). Sele sixoxile ukuba ukuba nekopi enye yejini ye-`APOE4` kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nale gene akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nesifo se-Alzheimer . Khumbula, uvavanyo lwe-genetic alulovavanyo lokuxilonga. Luvavanya kuphela umngcipheko wakho. Aluqinisekisi okanye lukhuphe isiphene sesifo. Umcebisi we-genetic angakunceda uqonde ukuba ezi ziphumo zithetha ukuthini kunye nento omele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Kudla ngokuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza lwe-APOE?

Kudla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza lwe-APOE olwenziwe ngugqirha zifumaneke. Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha linokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisibhedlele okanye kwiziko apho ufumana khona uvavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukukunika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo.

Uvavanyo lwasekhaya lunokuthatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukufumana iziphumo, kuxhomekeke kwinkampani.

Sikwafanele sicinge ngempembelelo yengqondo yolwazi olufunyenwe kolu vavanyo.

Xa uthetha ngeemeko ezinzima ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, kunokuba yinto ethuthuzelayo ukuba nengcaciso ethile, iimpendulo ezithile. Uvavanyo lwe-'APOE' lwemfuza lunokunika ingcaciso ethile yokuba kutheni kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-Alzheimer's.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza zinokukuchaphazela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ulwazi olufumanayo lunokubangela ukuba uzive ulusizi, uxhalabile, woyike, okanye unomsindo. Kwezinye iimeko, iziphumo zisenokungabi yimpendulo obuyilindele.

Ugqirha angakunceda kule meko. Banokukuchazela iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho baze bakunike lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze uqonde okwenzekayo. Nokuba ziziphi na izakhi zofuzo zakho, kukho amanyathelo okuthintela onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo se-Alzheimer. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono kakhulu onokukukhokela ekucwangciseni amanyathelo akho alandelayo.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ufunde into ebalulekileyo koko sikuthethileyo malunga novavanyo lwemfuza lwe-'APOE'. Okokugqibela, khumbula la manqaku:

• Uvavanyo lwe-APOE gene lukuxelela kuphela umngcipheko wakho wezifo ezithile, ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer, kodwa akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba naso esi sifo .
• Olu ayilovavanyo lokuxilonga .
• Nangona ukuba ne-'APOE-e4 (APOE4)` yohlobo lwe-gene kwandisa umngcipheko, ukwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo kunye nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango kunokunceda ukulawula loo mngcipheko.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna inkxaso kugqirha okanye kumcebisi wezemfuza ukuze uqonde iziphumo zovavanyo kwaye ulawule iziphumo zengqondo ezinxulumene nazo.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinjani na izakhi zofuzo zakho, ukugcina imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukulala ngokwaneleyo, impilo-ntle yengqondo) kuluncedo kwimpilo iyonke.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, nceda ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha.

Uvavanyo lwemfuza lwe - APOE, isifo se-Alzheimer, i-APOE4, umngcipheko wemfuza, i-dementia, iingcebiso ngemfuza, ulwazi ngempilo