Ngaba kukho amanqatha agciniweyo kwimithambo yegazi yakho ephambili? Masifunde nge-Atherosclerosis ye-Aorta!

Ngaba ukhe weva ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu neyona ibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu? Yi -aorta . Ifana nenkqubo ephambili yombhobho esasaza amanzi avela kwitanki yethu yamanzi ukuya endlwini yonke. Yiyo ethwala igazi elicocekileyo ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Ngoko ke, kwanemithambo yegazi ebaluleke kangaka ngamanye amaxesha inokuba neengxaki. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yeemeko ezinjalo, eyokuba kukufakwa kwamafutha kwi-aorta okanye `(Atherosclerosis of Aorta)`.

Yintoni i-`(Atherosclerosis ye-Aorta)`?

Ngamafutshane, okwenzekayo kukuba amafutha kunye ne-cholesterol ziqokelelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu emzimbeni wethu, i -aorta , njengomhlwa owenza umaleko ngaphakathi kombhobho wamanzi omdala. Le nto inamathelayo siyibiza ngokuba yi-'plaque' . Oku akwenzeki ngobusuku obunye. Enyanisweni, singaqala ukwakha le 'plaque' kancinci kancinci ukususela xa sisebancinci, kodwa iyanda kuphela njengoko sikhula size siqale ukubangela iingxaki.

Khawucinge nje, le aorta ngumthambo onobude obungaphezu kweenyawo, oqala entliziyweni udlule esiswini uye kwi-pelvis. Le 'plaque' inokwakheka naphi na kwi-aorta. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha amaninzi le meko inokuchaphazela inxalenye ye-aorta ehamba esiswini, oko kukuthi, ` i -Abdominal Aorta`.

Enye into kukuba ukuba umntu une-plaque efana nale kwi-aorta yakhe, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba abe ne-plaque nakwezinye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakhe, umzekelo , kwimithambo yentliziyo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni, okanye kwimithambo ye-carotid ehambisa igazi ebuchotsheni. Kuba, esi (i-Atherosclerosis) sisifo esichaphazela umzimba wonke . Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho ingxaki kwenye indawo, kunokubakho iingxaki nakwezinye iindawo.

Le meko iyichaphazela njani imizimba yethu?

Xa i-plaque iqokelelana kwi-aorta, ivala unikezelo lwegazi oluphambili emzimbeni. Ubusazi ukuba imithambo yegazi emininzi emincinci iyahlukana kule aorta kwaye ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi ukuya kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba? Ngoko ke, xa i-plaque ivala ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-aorta, inokubangela ukunqongophala kwegazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba (ischemia).

Usenokucinga ukuba le 'plaque' iya kukhula ize ikhule ide ivale ngokupheleleyo umthambo wegazi. Yinyani le, oku kunokwenzeka kwezinye imithambo yegazi emincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-aorta yimithambo yegazi ebanzi kakhulu, nangona iplaque ibekwe eludongeni lwayo, kusekho indawo yokuba igazi liphume.

Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ephambili neyona iyingozi apha kukuba iqhekeza lale 'plaque' liyaqhekeka lize linamathele kwenye indawo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi -'embolus' kwezonyango.

Ngamafutshane, ukwakheka kweplaque kufana nokuqokelelana kothuli kumbhobho ongaphantsi kwesinki. Kodwa i-embolus kukuvalwa ngequbuliso. Kufana nokuba ubuhlamba amazinyo akho uze ngempazamo uwise ityhubhu ye-toothpaste kwisinki, iya kubhajwa kumbhobho ize iyeke ukuhamba kwamanzi.

I-plaque kwi-aorta inokubangela iintlobo ezimbini ze-emboli:

• I-Thromboembolism: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi lenzeka phezu kwe-plaque. Eli hlwili liyaqhekeka lize lihambe negazi.
• I-Atheroembolism: Oku kwenzeka xa i-plaque iqhekeka kwaye iqhekeza layo liqhekeka lize lihambe negazi. Oku akuvamile kakhulu kune-blood clot ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, kuzo zombini iimeko, into engafanele ukuba ibekhona kwimithambo yegazi iyashukuma. Leyo yeyona ngxaki iphambili yokufakwa kwamafutha kwi-aorta. Isiphumo emzimbeni sixhomekeke ekubeni le 'embolus' ibambeke phi. Ekubeni igazi lingadluli kuloo ndawo ibambekileyo, amalungu kunye nezicubu ezikuloo ndawo azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo kwaye ziqala ukonakala ngokukhawuleza (ischemia).

Ibaluleke kangakanani le meko?

Ukuba i-embolus, ebangelwa kukugcwala kwamafutha kwi-aorta, iyaqhekeka ize ihlale kwenye indawo emzimbeni, inokuba yingxamiseko yezonyango esongela ubomi , njengoko ivala ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi kuloo ndawo.

Le meko ikubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezingxamisekileyo ezifana nezi:

• I-Acute ischemic colitis: Le yimeko apho ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kumathumbu amakhulu kuvaliwe, nto leyo ebangela iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesisu kunye nendle enegazi.
• I-Acute limb ischemia : Oku kwenzeka rhoqo emilenzeni. Umlenze ngequbuliso uba ndindisholo, ube mdaka, kwaye ube buhlungu.
• I-Myocardial infarction: Ukuvaleka komthambo othwala igazi uye entliziyweni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwezintso: Oku kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• I-Stroke okanye i-Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni.

Ukongeza, ukwakheka kweplaque kwi-aorta kwenza buthathaka udonga lomthambo, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne -aortic aneurysm . Ukuba i-aneurysm enjalo iqhuma ngequbuliso okanye iqhekeke, inokubulala, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ingaba oku kwenzeka kubani?

Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Atherosclerosis of the Aorta" inokwenzeka nakubani na . Yimeko eqhelekileyo. Umngcipheko wokufumana oku uyanda njengoko ukhula.

Zithini iimpawu?

Kwabaninzi abantu, le 'plaque' kwi-aorta isenokuba khona iminyaka emininzi ingabonakalisi zimpawu . Enyanisweni, usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu, kodwa iimpawu zibonakala kuphela xa enye yezo 'embolus' ihamba negazi ize ibambeke kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Iimpawu ozifumanayo zixhomekeke ekubeni 'embolus' ibambeke phi, kwaye leliphi ilungu lomzimba elingenayo ioksijini.

'I-embolus' inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zonyango, nganye ineempawu ezithile.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane.

Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo

• Kusoloko kukho uloyiko, uvakalelo lokuba "kuza kwenzeka into embi ngoku."
• Intlungu yesifuba , ukuqina, ukuqina, okanye uxinzelelo.
• Intloko yam iyajikeleza, ndiziva ndinesizungu, ndiziva ngathi ndiza kulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo yimvakalelo engaqhelekanga yokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Kuza isicaphucaphu, kuza ukuhlanza.
• Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki egxalabeni, engalweni, entanyeni, okanye emhlathini.
• Ukubila.
• Abafazi banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa kakhulu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Iimpawu zestroke

• Intloko yam iyajikeleza, umzimba wam ulahlekelwa yibhalansi.
• Xa uthetha, amagama ayaxanana, kuba nzima ukuveza into esengqondweni yakho, kwaye kuba nzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu.
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka obuvela ebusweni, ezingalweni, okanye emilenzeni. Oku kuyenzeka rhoqo kwelinye icala lomzimba.
• Ngequbuliso, ndiba nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukubona kuba luzizi okanye kube nzima ukukubona kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo.
• Kuba nzima ukuhamba.

Iimpawu ze-acute limb ischemia

• Isandla okanye unyawo oluchaphazelekileyo lubanda xa luchukunyiswa.
• Izicubu ezikuloo ndawo zisenokuba zifile zaza zajika zaba mnyama (Gangrene).
• Umbala wolusu uyatshintsha, kwaye kuvela ipateni yemigca ebomvu, emfusa, nemdaka (Ulusu olunamabala).
• Kuvakala ngathi kukungaziva okanye ukurhawuzelelwa.
• Ulusu lumhlophe okanye luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Intliziyo ekwingalo okanye emlenzeni ochaphazelekayo ibuthathaka okanye ayikho.

Iimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi kwizitho zesisu

• Igazi esitulweni.
• Urhudo.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Intlungu yesisu okanye intlungu eqatha xa ichukunyiswa.

Iimpawu ze-abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

Ukudibaniswa kwamafutha kwi -aorta kunxulunyaniswa nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA). Oku kuthetha ukuba ukudibaniswa kwamafutha ngokwawo akubangeli i-AAA, kodwa izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kuzo zombini ezi meko ziyafana, ngoko ke zinokwenzeka kunye. Abantu abaninzi ababonisi zimpawu de kube i-AAA sele iza kuqhuma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziqala kwangethuba, zingabandakanya:

• Intlungu engapheliyo emqolo, emlenzeni, okanye esiswini.
• Ndiva uvalo olunditsho esiswini, ngathi intliziyo yam iyabetha ngamandla.

Ezi ziimpawu zokuqhuma kwe-`(AAA)` (ukuba uzifumana ezi zinto, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza!):

• Umzimba wam ubanda kwaye ubila.
• Intloko yam iyajikeleza, ndiziva ngathi ndiza kulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo kuyakhawuleza.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Kunzima ukuphefumla.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu ngequbuliso yesisu, iintlungu ezisezantsi komqolo, okanye iintlungu zomlenze.

Zithini izizathu zale meko?

Ukufakwa kwamafutha kwi-aorta kuqala ngomonakalo kwi-lining ethambileyo ngaphakathi kwe-artery (endothelium). Lo monakalo awenzeki ngobusuku obunye, kodwa uqhubeka kangangeminyaka.

Iimeko ezithile kunye nemikhwa inokuyonakalisa le `(Endothelium)` kwaye yonyuse umngcipheko wokufumana `(Atherosclerosis).` Izinto ezinje ngezi:

• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba (umz. ukutshaya i-vaping, ukuhlafuna icuba).
• Ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini (i-Hyperlipidemia).
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
• Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini (i-Hyperglycemia), ingakumbi kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
• Ezinye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye neemeko zokudumba , ingakumbi ezo zichaphazela imithambo yegazi emikhulu, njenge-vasculitis yemithambo yegazi emikhulu.

Yenziwa njani le nto yokuxilonga?

Oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lokujonga imifanekiso ukuze babone ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-aortic atherosclerosis, ukuba sisasazeke kangakanani, kwaye sibi kangakanani. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scan)
• Iskeni se-MRI (Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance - i-MRI)
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram (apho ikhamera encinci idluliselwa kwi-esophagus ukuze kuhlolwe intliziyo kunye ne-aorta).

Olu vavanyo luvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ngokucacileyo imeko ye-aorta.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Xa kunyangwa amanqatha kwi-aorta, oogqirha bagxila kwizinto ezimbini eziphambili:

• Nciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki (umz. isifo sentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi) ezinokubangelwa yile meko.
• Lawula okanye uyeke ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Amayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kunokukunceda ufezekise zombini ezi njongo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza afana nala:

• Amayeza okulwa nokugabha igazi okanye amayeza okulwa neeplatelet : La mayeza anciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-embolus.
• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Amayeza alawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol (umz. ii-statins) .

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila nalo lubaluleke kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba wenze izinto ezifana nezi:

• Kuphephe ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi agcweleyo kunye ne-cholesterol.
• Kuphephe ukutya neziselo ezineswekile eninzi.
• Yiba nomdla ngakumbi, qhelisa umzimba yonke imihla.
• Nciphisa ubuninzi betyuwa eyongezwa ekutyeni.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngokupheleleyo. Yeka nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba.

Ukuba sele uneengxaki ezibangelwa yi-aortic atherosclerosis, ugqirha wakho uza kunyanga ezo meko. Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nendlela umonakalo owenzeke ngayo. Zingabandakanya amayeza, iinkqubo ezingangenisi kakhulu, utyando olukhulu, kwanokususwa kwezicubu okanye i-dialysis ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olulungele wena kunye nesizathu sokuba ulufune.

Ingancitshiswa njani ingozi yale meko?

Kusenokungabi lula ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo i-atherosclerosis. Nangona kunjalo, ukulandela la manyathelo angezantsi kunokukunceda unciphise isantya sokuqhubeka kwesi sifo kwaye kunciphise umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki eziyingozi.

• Kuphephe ukutshaya kunye nazo zonke iimveliso zecuba. Oku kuquka ukutshaya nge-vape kunye nokuhlafuna icuba.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo. Khetha ukutya okunamafutha agcweleyo aphantsi kunye ne-cholesterol. Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi kunye namandongomane amaninzi.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba bungakanani ubunzima obufanelekileyo obufunekayo kubude bakho.
• Hlala usebenza rhoqo. Yongeza umthambo ocwangcisiweyo ngosuku lwakho. Kwakhona, zama ukwenza izinto eziza kwenza umzimba wakho ushukume ngelixa usenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila olunokukunceda. Kwakhona, thatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ngexesha.
• Bona ugqirha wakho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Ungaphoswa zezinye iindibano zonyango kunye novavanyo olulandelayo.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, liza kuba njani ikamva?

Oku akuchaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Ingqikelelo yakho (`(Ukuxela kwangaphambili)`) ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubunzima bokwakheka kweplaque. Ukuba iplaque kwi-aorta yakho inkulu kuneemilimitha ezi-4, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-embolus. Ukuba iplaque ingaphantsi kwemilimitha e-1, ithathwa njengemeko "ethambileyo" kwaye umngcipheko weengxaki uphantsi. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nobunzima bokwakheka kweplaque kwi-aorta yakho kunye nendlela enokukuchaphazela ngayo.
• Nokuba i-plaque ikhona na kweminye imithambo yegazi. Ukuba i-plaque ikhona kweminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho, inyusa umngcipheko weengxaki ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi.
• Impilo yakho iyonke. Ukuba unezinye iimeko, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye ukuba usebenzisa icuba, usengozini enkulu yeengxaki.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemeko yakho kunye nendlela engcono yokuyilawula.

Ngaba iidipozithi zamafutha kwi-aorta zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo?

Ngelishwa, le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Atherosclerosis of the Aorta" , ayinakuphiliswa okanye iguqulwe ngokupheleleyo . Oko kukuthi, i-plaque esele iqokelelene ayinakususwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunye namayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho, ungayilawula kakuhle, uyeke isifo ukuba singabi mandundu, unciphise umngcipheko weengxaki, kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani kule meko?

Ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ezinye iimeko, ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwenza konke okusemandleni akho ukugcina intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi isempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Landela la macebiso ngononophelo:

• Ukutya.
• Ukuzilolonga.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (umz., ukuyeka ukutshaya).
• Amayeza amiselweyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bona ugqirha wakho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye rhoqo okanye ukuba ufuna ukubona ingcali, njengogqirha wentliziyo.

Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyatshintsha, okanye ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, thetha nogqirha wakho nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zengxamiseko yezonyango, kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ufanele ufune nini unyango olungxamisekileyo?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwisibhedlele esikufutshane:

• I-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu (AAA) (ingakumbi iimpawu zokuqhekeka).
• Ischemia yemilenze ebukhali.
• Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo .
• Iimpawu zestroke .
• I-aneurysm ye-aorta yesifuba (ukuba kukho iimpawu zokuqhekeka).
• Iimpawu zohlaselo lwe-ischemic oludlulayo (TIA).

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Thetha nogqirha wakho ngemeko yakho, oko kunokwenzeka, kunye noko unokukwenza. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuyibuza:

• "Ingxaki yam ingakanani?"
• "Ndingenza ntoni ukuze oku kungayi kuba kubi ngakumbi?"
• "Zeziphi iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ndizenze kwindlela endiphila ngayo?"
• "Ngawaphi amayeza endifanele ndiwasebenzise? Ngaba aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?"

Ukuba wenza utyando lwentliziyo okanye inkqubo equka i-catheter, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi zeengxaki. Ukugcwala kwamafutha kwi-aorta kunokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki ngexesha lotyando lwentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi. Buza ngemingcipheko yakho kunye nento enokwenziwa liqela lakho lezonyango ukunciphisa ezo ngxaki.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, oku kuqokelelana kwamafutha kwi-aorta, okanye `(I-Atherosclerosis ye-Aorta)`, yimeko efuna ingqalelo ethile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukoyika kwangoko emva kokuva ngayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ngayo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo.

Ngokuthetha nogqirha wakho, ulandele icebiso lakhe, kwaye wenze utshintsho oluncinci nolusempilweni kwindlela ophila ngayo, unokulawula imeko yakho, uphephe iingxaki ezinkulu, kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunika ingqalelo emzimbeni wakho, unike ingqalelo kuzo naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, kwaye ufumane ingcebiso nonyango lwezonyango. Awuwedwa, kwaye kukho oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo abanokukunceda kolu hambo.

I- atherosclerosis, i-Aorta, i-Aorta, iidiphozithi zamafutha, isifo sentliziyo, imithambo yegazi, i-cholesterol, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, istroke, i-embolus