Ingaba ulwelo lwesibeleko sakho luyaqina? Masithethe nge-(Endometrial Hyperplasia)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uba nexesha elingacwangciswanga, ukopha kakhulu kangangeentsuku, okanye ukubona phakathi kwexesha? Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba oku kuqhelekile, ingakumbi xa usondela ekupheliseni ukuya exesheni okanye emva koko, kodwa akusoloko kunjalo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba luphawu lwento ekufuneka uyixhalabele. Leyo yimeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Endometrial Hyperplasia).` Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni "i-Endometrial Hyperplasia"? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, i-Endometrial Hyperplasia kuxa ulwelo lwesibeleko sakho, olubizwa ngokuba yi-endometrium, luba lukhuni kunesiqhelo . Ukuba ucinga ngento eyi-endometrium, lulwelo olukhutshwa inyanga nenyanga ngexesha lokuya kwakho exesheni. Kwakhona, xa umntwana ekhulelwe, kungaphakathi kolu lwelo apho umntwana eqala ukukhula khona. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-endometrium iba nkulu kunesiqhelo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-Endometrial Hyperplasia. Abanye abafazi banokuba semngciphekweni wokufumana umhlaza we-endometrial ngenxa yesi simo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi zinto? Zithini?

Ewe, oogqirha bahlulahlula i-Endometrial Hyperplasia ngokusekelwe kutshintsho olukwiiseli kwi-endometrium yakho. Ezinye iintlobo zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokukhula zibe ngumhlaza, ngelixa ezinye zingabi njalo.

• I-Endometrial Hyperplasia ngaphandle kwe-Atypia: Kolu hlobo, iiseli ezikwi-membrane yesibeleko zibonakala ziqhelekile. Azinakwenzeka ukuba zibe nomhlaza. Le meko inokuba ngcono ngaphandle konyango, okanye ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lweehomoni. Oku kwahlulwe kwaba ziintlobo ezimbini: ezilula nezintsonkothileyo. Kumiselwa yindlela ezisebenza ngayo iiseli.

• `I-Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia / I-Endometrial Hyperplasia ene-Atypia`: Olu luhlobo ekufuneka sikhathazeke ngakumbi ngalo. `I-Atypia` ithetha ukuba iiseli aziqhelekanga, kodwa aziqhelekanga kancinci. Ukuba kukho iiseli ezinjalo, amathuba okuba nomhlaza aphezulu. Ukuba oku akuphathwanga ngokufanelekileyo, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko uyakhula. Oku kukwanohlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-`Simple Atypical` kunye ne-`Complex Atypical`.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba unale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwayo kunye neengozi zayo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Endometrial Hyperplasia?

Enyanisweni, i-Endometrial Hyperplasia ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo. Ichaphazela malunga ne-133 kwabasetyhini abayi-100,000.Le meko idla ngokubonakala kubafazi abatshintshela ekupheliseni ukuya exesheni okanye abasele bedlule ngokupheleleyo ekupheliseni ukuya exesheni.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Jonga ukuba nawe unazo ezi

Umntu one-Endometrial Hyperplasia unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukopha okungaqhelekanga kokuya exesheni: Oku kuthetha ukopha phakathi kokuya exesheni, okanye ukopha kwakhona emva kokuba ukuya exesheni kuyekile (emva kokuya exesheni).
• Umjikelo omfutshane wokuya exesheni: Ukuya exesheni kwenzeka ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-21.
• Ukopha kakhulu ukuya exesheni.
• Ukopha emva kokuya exesheni. Olu luphawu lokuba ngokuqinisekileyo ufanele ubonane nogqirha.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ukuya exesheni kuyeka ngokupheleleyo (i-Amenorrhea).

Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala rhoqo ngexesha lokutshintsha ukuya ekupheliseni ukuya exesheni. Kuqhelekile ukuba umjikelo wakho wokuya exesheni uphazamiseke, kangangeenyanga ezithile kungenzeki, kwaye ukuphuma kwegazi okungacwangciswanga kwenzeke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unale mpawu, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha kunokuba ucinge ukuba luphawu lokupheliseni ukuya exesheni. Ugqirha unokugqiba ukuba ngaba oku "yi-Endometrial Hyperplasia" okanye akunjalo.

Ngaba kukho intlungu?

Ngamanye amaxesha, iintlungu zesisu/zesinqe zinokubakho. Usenokuva iintlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo (iDyspareunia). Nangona kunjalo, uphawu oluqhelekileyo kukopha okungaqhelekanga.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Abafazi abane-Endometrial Hyperplasia bavelisa i-hormone ye-estrogen eninzi kakhulu kwaye i-hormone ye-progesterone ayanelanga. Ezi hormone zimbini zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumjikelo wokuya esikhathini nokukhulelwa.

Cinga ngale nto, ngexesha lokukhutshwa kweqanda, i-hormone i-estrogen yenza ulwelo lwesibeleko lube lukhuni (i-endometrium). I-hormone i-progesterone ilungiselela isibeleko ukukhulelwa. Ukuba ukukhulelwa akwenzeki, amanqanaba e-progesterone ayehla. Oko kwehla kwe-progesterone kubonisa isibeleko ukuba, "Kulungile, ngoku lixesha lokulahla olu lwelo." Yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa usexesheni.

Nangona kunjalo, kubafazi abane-"Endometrial Hyperplasia" umzimba awuvelisi progesterone ininzi kakhulu okanye awuvelisi kwaphela. Ngenxa yoko, ulwelwesi lwesibeleko aluphumi. Kunoko, ulwelwesi luyaqhubeka lukhula kwaye luqina. Njengoko luqina, iiseli ezilubumbayo ziyasondelana kakhulu kwaye ziqale ukungaqheleki.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elingcono lokuphuhlisa oku? (Izinto Ezinobungozi)

I-Endometrial Hyperplasia ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abasondela ekupheliseni ukuya exesheni (perimenopause) okanye abasele bedlule ekupheliseni ukuya exesheni. Kunqabile kakhulu kubafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala ukuba babe nayo. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ziquka:

• Ezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza webele (umz.:"Tamoxifen".
• Kwabo banesifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus) .
• Ukuqala ukuya exesheni usemncinci kakhulu okanye ukuya exesheni sele kudlule ixesha elide kakhulu.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba nomhlaza wesibeleko, wesibeleko, okanye wamathumbu amakhulu .
• Kwabo banesifo senyongo .
• Ukuba usebenzisa unyango lwehomoni olune-estrogen kuphela (ngaphandle kwe-progesterone) ngelixa unesibeleko.
• Kwabasetyhini abangazange bakhulelwe .
• Ukutyeba kakhulu .
• Kwabo bane -'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome' (PCOS) .
• Kwabo batshayayo .
• Kwabo banesifo se-thyroid .
• Ukuya exesheni okungacwangciswanga okanye ukungabikho kwenyanga ixesha elide .
• Ukuba ukhe waba nemitha ye-pelvic .
• Ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka (ngenxa yesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba okanye amayeza athile).

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Nokuba loluphi na uhlobo lwe-hyperplasia, ukopha okungaqhelekanga nokugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuba ube ne -anemia, okanye ukungabikho kwegazi . I-anemia yenzeka xa umzimba ungenazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo, ezine-iron.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uhlobo lwe-"atypia" (i-Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia) alunyangwa, lunokuba ngumhlaza.

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Malunga ne-8% yabasetyhini abane-"Simple Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia" baya kuba nomhlaza ukuba abanyangwa. Phantse ama-30% abasetyhini abane-"Complex Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia" baya kuba nomhlaza ukuba abanyangwa.

Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu uze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto? (Uxilongo)

Zininzi izizathu zokopha okungaqhelekanga kwesibeleko. Ngoko ke, ukuze ufumane unobangela ochanekileyo weempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo:

• I-Ultrasound ye-Transvaginal: Oku kuquka ukufaka isixhobo esincinci ngaphakathi kwilungu lobufazi kunye nokusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yesibeleko. Le mifanekiso inokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ulwelo lwesibeleko lutyebile kakhulu.
• `I-Endometrial Biopsy`: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu ezivela kulwelo lwesibeleko. Emva koko iiseli zihlolwa ngemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza okanye uhlobo lwe-`Hyperplasia`.
• I-Hysteroscopy: Ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kuyo (i-hysteroscope) idluliselwa kwi-cervix iye kwi-uterus. Ngexesha le nkqubo, i-D&C (ukwandiswa kunye ne-curettage) okanye i-biopsy inokwenziwa. I-Hysteroscopy ivumela ukujonga ngokusondeleyo ngaphakathi kwesibeleko, kwaye ukuba kukho iindawo ezikrokrisayo, i-biopsy ingathathwa.

Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? (Unyango)

I-Endometrial Hyperplasia idla ngokuphathwa ngehomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-progestin. I-Progestin yinguqulelo yokwenziwa yehomoni i-progesterone, eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho ngamanani amancinci. I-Progestin iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Unyango lwe-progesterone yomlomo.
• Njengesixhobo esifakwe kwisibeleko (isixhobo `se-Intrauterine - IUD`, esiqulethe `iProgesterone`).
• Njengesitofu (umz. iDepo-Provera® ).
• Ikhrimu efakwa kwilungu lobufazi (ikhrimu yesini okanye ijeli).

Nangona kunjalo, kwezi meko, ugqirha unokucebisa ukususwa kwesibeleko :

• Ukuba imeko yakho iba mandundu, okanye ukuba iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ukukhula.
• Ukuba imeko ayiphucuki ngonyango lwe-progestin.

Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukwenza i-hysterectomy?

I-Endometrial hyperplasia ayidingi kususwa kwesibeleko. Abafazi abaninzi bayaphumelela ngonyango lwe-progestin. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiComplex Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia, ngoko i-hysterectomy inokuba lukhetho.

Ngaba kukho into esinokuyenza ukuthintela uphuhliso lwe-`(Endometrial Hyperplasia)`?

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana le meko:

• Ukuba usebenzisa unyango lweehomoni emva kokuya exesheni, sebenzisa i-progesterone kunye ne-estrogen (ukuba unesibeleko).
• Ukuba ungena exesheni ngendlela engacwangciswanga, cinga ngokuthatha iipilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa eziqulethe i-estrogen kunye ne-progestin (njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele).
• Yeka ukutshaya.
• Zigcine uphilile.

Liza kuba njani ikamva ngale meko? (Imbono)

I-Endometrial hyperplasia isabela kakuhle kunyango lwe-progestin. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-endometrial hyperplasia engaqhelekanga, inokuqhubela phambili ibe ngumhlaza wesibeleko. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-ultrasound rhoqo, ii-biopsies, okanye i-hysterectomy ukuze kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko womhlaza. Le ngcebiso yenziwe ngokusekelwe kwisifo sakho, imbali yakho yempilo, kunye nomngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.

Ngaba i-Endometrial Hyperplasia ijika ibe ngumhlaza kubo bonke abantu?

Hayi, akwenzeki njalo rhoqo. Umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza ungasukela kwi-8% ukuya kwi-30%, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-Endometrial Hyperplasia onayo. Zimbalwa kuphela iintlobo ezikhula zibe ngumhlaza. Ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela ukuba loluphi uhlobo onalo, loluphi unyango olungcono, kunye nomngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba wopha kakhulu okanye ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• Ukuba uphuma igazi kwilungu lobufazi emva kokuya exesheni.
• Ukuba unentlungu enkulu yokuya exesheni (iDysmenorrhea) .
• Ukuba unentlungu xa uchama (Dysuria) .
• Ukuba unentlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo (iDyspareunia) .
• Ukuba unentlungu ye-pelvic .
• Ukuba kukho ulwelo olungaqhelekanga oluphuma kwilungu lobufazi .
• Ukuba uphoswa yinyanga rhoqo .

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba une-Endometrial Hyperplasia, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-Endometrial Hyperplasia endinalo?
• Ngaba ndisengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko? Ukuba kunjalo, ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wam?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango lwam lwe-Endometrial Hyperplasia?
• Zithini iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yezo ndlela zonyango?
• Ingaba usapho lwam lusengozini yokufumana i-Endometrial Hyperplasia? Ukuba kunjalo, bangenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olulandelayo endiludingayo emva konyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiqaphele iimpawu zeengxaki?

Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kumaqela obudala bani?

I-Endometrial Hyperplasia ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abatshintshela ekuyekeni ukuya exesheni okanye abagqibileyo ukuya exesheni. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuyeka ukuya exesheni bumalunga neminyaka engama-51. Ngoko ke, abafazi abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nama-60 banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Endometrial hyperplasia yimeko apho ulwelo lwesibeleko lukhula khona. Oku kunokubangela ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kungcungcuthekise. Abafazi abaninzi bafumana isiqabu ngonyango lwe-progestin hormone. Nangona kunjalo, abafazi abane-endometrial hyperplasia engaqhelekanga basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-hysterectomy inokunciphisa iimpawu kwaye inciphise umngcipheko womhlaza. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olungcono kuwe. Musa ukoyika ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba unemibuzo.

I- Endometrial Hyperplasia, i-endometrial hyperplasia, ukuqina kolwelo lwesibeleko, ukuya exesheni okungaqhelekanga, ukuya exesheni, i-progestin, umhlaza wesibeleko