Ngaba amehlo akho ajika abe tyheli? Masifunde ngovavanyo lwe-bilirubin.

Ngaba wakha wambona umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa enolusu olumthubi kancinci? Okanye umntu omdala oneliso elimthubi? Sidla ngokubiza oku ngokuthi 'yimfiva emthubi'. Isizathu esiphambili solusu olumthubi kukunyuka kwenqanaba le-bilirubin emzimbeni. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni i-bilirubin, kutheni ibalulekile emzimbeni wethu, nayo yonke into malunga novavanyo lwe-bilirubin olwenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe ngayo.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-bilirubin?

I-Bilirubin yinto eveliswa yimizimba yethu rhoqo. Yipigment etyheli eorenji. Cinga ngayo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi emizimbeni yethu nazo zinobomi obuthile. Xa ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka emva kwexesha elithile, i-bilirubin iveliswa njengemveliso yaloo nkqubo.

Ngoko ke i-bilirubin eyenziwe ngolu hlobo iya esibindini sethu ngegazi. Isibindi sisikhungo sokucoca umzimba wethu. Oko kwenziwa sisibindi kukuthatha le bilirubin, sitshintshe uhlobo lwayo lweekhemikhali, size siyilungiselele ngendlela yokuba ikhutshwe emzimbeni wethu. Le bilirubin ilungisiweyo idityaniswa nenyongo kwaye idlule emathunjini, ize ekugqibeleni iphume nendle.

Loo ngxaki inokuba yinto efana nale:

• Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zisenokuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.
• Isibindi sakho sisenokungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye sisenokungakwazi ukuyicubungula kakuhle le mveliso yenkunkuma ye-bilirubin.
• Okanye, kunokubakho ukuvaleka kwenye indawo ecaleni kwendlela ukusuka esibindini ukuya ngaphandle kwesitulo.

Kutheni kufuneka senze uvavanyo lwe-bilirubin?

Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ukuxilonga iimeko ezahlukeneyo nokujonga inkqubela yesifo ngexesha lonyango. Kuluncedo ngakumbi kubantu abadala nakubantwana ukuxilonga:

• Izifo zesibindi kunye nenyongo: Izifo zesibindi ezifana ne-cirrhosis, i-hepatitis, kunye neemeko ezifana namatye enyongo.
• I-anemia: Kukho iintlobo ezithile ze-anemia, umzekelo, i-hemolytic anemia. Kulapho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ziveliswa. Olu vavanyo lubalulekile ukuchonga iimeko ezinjalo.
• I-Jaundice: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, xa amanqanaba e-bilirubin emzimbeni enyuka, ulusu namehlo ajika abe tyheli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-jaundice. Olu vavanyo lubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wale meko.

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-bilirubin aqheleke kakhulu kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Oogqirha baya kugqiba ukuba unyango luyadingeka na ngokusekwe kubudala bomntwana, uhlobo, kunye nenqanaba le-bilirubin.

Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokulinganisa amanqanaba e-bilirubin. Enye kukuvavanya umchamo, kwaye enye kukuvavanya igazi. Uvavanyo lomchamo oluqhelekileyo (Urine Full Report) lukhangela i-bilirubin. Ukuba uvavanyo lomchamo wakho lubonisa i-bilirubin, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze alinganise ubungakanani obuchanekileyo egazini lakho.

Uvavanyo lweBilirubin ludla ngokwenziwa ngesampulu yegazi. Umongikazi okanye ingcali yelabhoratri iza kuthatha igazi elincinci kumthambo osengalweni yakho isebenzisa inaliti encinci. Kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, igazi lidla ngokuthathwa ngokuhlaba ulusu esithendeni ngenaliti encinci. Le sampuli yegazi ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe.

Ukongeza, kukho enye indlela engenabuhlungu, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezincinci. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -transcutaneous bilirubin measurement . Kule meko, ugqirha ubeka isixhobo esincinci esifubeni okanye entlokweni yakho aze asisebenzise ukuthumela ukukhanya okukhawulezayo eluswini ukulinganisa amanqanaba e-bilirubin. Oku akudingi naliti.

Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Usenokucetyiswa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli nto kangangeeyure ezi-4 ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi. Kwakhona, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba uyeke okwethutyana ukuthatha amayeza athile ngaphambi kovavanyo, kuba anokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo.

• Amayeza anokunyusa amanqanaba e-bilirubin: Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza e-malaria, i-morphine, iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa, kunye nezinye ii-steroids.
• Amayeza anokunciphisa amanqanaba e-bilirubin: ii-barbiturates, i-caffeine, i-penicillin, kunye nee-salicylates ezinedosi ephezulu.

Ingxelo yovavanyo ithini?

Ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-bilirubin ibandakanya ikakhulu amacandelo amathathu.

1. I-Bilirubin iyonke: Le yimali iyonke ye-bilirubin egazini.

2. I-Bilirubin engadibaniyo (engathanga ngqo): Le yi-bilirubin "engavuthwanga" eyenziwa xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka kwaye zingekasetyenzwa sisibindi.

3. I-Bilirubin edityanisiweyo (ngqo): Le yi-bilirubin "ecutshungulwayo" ethathwe yasiwa esibindini, yatshintshwa ngamachiza, yaze yalungiselelwa ukukhutshwa emzimbeni.

Zithini iinqanaba eziqhelekileyo?

• Abantu abadala (abangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala):Amanqanaba e-bilirubin iyonke aqhelekile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.2 milligrams nge-deciliter yegazi (1.2 mg/dl). Amanqanaba e-bilirubin adibeneyo (ngqo) kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwe-0.3 mg/dl.
• Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa: Amanqanaba azo e-bilirubin anokufikelela kwi-12 mg/dl.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanqanaba e-bilirubin kumadoda aphezulu kancinci kunakwabasetyhini.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ne-bilirubin ephezulu?

Ukuba inqanaba le-bilirubin yomntu omdala lingaphezulu kwe-2.0 mg/dl, luphawu lwe-jaundice. Ukuba inqanaba losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa lingaphezulu kwe-15 mg/dl, oogqirha bacebisa unyango.

Izinto ezinokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-bilirubin:

• I-anemia
• Isifo sesibindi
• Indlela osabela ngayo xa utofelwe igazi
• I-Gilbert Syndrome - Le yimeko eqhelekileyo yelifa apho i-enzyme enceda ekuqhekekeni kwe-bilirubin ingekho.
• I-Hepatitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane
• Isifo sesibindi esibangelwa butywala
• Amatye enyongo

Ukongeza, ukwenza umthambo onzima kakhulu , njengokubaleka i-marathon, kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-bilirubin okwethutyana.

Ngaba ufanele ukhathazeke ngenqanaba eliphantsi le-bilirubin?

Amanqanaba aphantsi e-bilirubin awasoloko ethathwa njengengxaki. I-caffeine okanye amayeza athile anokubangela amazinga aphantsi. Amaxesha amaninzi, inxulunyaniswa nezifo ezithile zokuzikhusela komzimba, ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis, kodwa oku akusoloko kubangela inkxalabo.

Kudla ngokuthatha iiyure ezimbalwa okanye usuku ukufumana iziphumo zovavanyo. Wakuba uzifumene iziphumo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba zithetha ukuthini kunye namanyathelo omawuwathathe.