Awunayo ingxaki efanayo na? Masithethe nge-bipolar disorder.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva wonwabile ngequbuliso, kodwa ngosuku olulandelayo uzive ulusizi kakhulu kwaye ukruqukile bubomi? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo oye wadibana nale meko? Oku akusiyonto nje enye, mhlawumbi unobangela woku yi-bipolar disorder. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iBipolar Disorder?

Ngamafutshane, isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder sisifo sengqondo esihlala ixesha elide . Ngaphambili sasibizwa ngokuba yi- "manic-depressive illness" okanye "manic depression." Sibonakaliswa lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo noluphawulekayo kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo, amanqanaba amandla, indlela ocinga ngayo, nendlela oziphatha ngayo. Olu tshintsho lunokuhlala iiyure, iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Lunokuphazamisana nokukwazi kwakho ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.

Isifo se-bipolar sibonakala ngokuguquguquka kweemvakalelo ezimbini eziphambili: iziganeko ze-manic okanye ze-hypomanic kunye neziganeko zokudakumba . Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba umntu onesifo se-bipolar uhlala ekwesinye sezi ziganeko zimbini. Bakwanamaxesha eemvakalelo eziqhelekileyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi- "euthymia."

Kutheni igama elithi "isifo sokudakumba esibizwa ngokuba yi-manic-depressive illness" lingasasetyenziswa?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Ngaphambili, oogqirha babesebenzisa igama elithi "manic depression" ukubhekisa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezifo zengqondo. Ngoku, njengoko iinkqubo zokwahlulahlula izifo zengqondo, ezifana ne- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM) , ziye zavela, ukusebenzisa igama elithi "bipolar disorder" kwenza ukuxilongwa kucace ngakumbi.
• Amagama athi "manic" kunye "mania" anentsingiselo eninzi yokugxekwa kunye nentsingiselo embi kuluntu, ingakumbi amagama afana nelithi "maniac." Ngokufanayo, abantu basebenzisa igama elithi "depression" ukuchaza intlungu eqhelekileyo, nokuba ayiloxinzelelo lwezonyango . Igama elithi "bipolar disorder" liphazamisana nala magama mabini.
• Igama elithi "bipolar disorder" lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezonyango, ngokwezonyango kunelithi "manic depression." Linobunzima obuncinci ngokweemvakalelo.
• Igama elithi "manic depression" aligubungeli iintlobo ze-cyclothymic okanye ze-hypomanic (ezifana ne-bipolar II disorder) zale meko.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder?

Masibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngeli xesha lokuphambana noxinzelelo.

Iziqendu zeManic

Isifo seBipolar IAbantu abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder banokuba neengxaki zokuxinezeleka. Kulapho imeko yakho iphakama ngokungaqhelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha ude ube nomsindo kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, iimvakalelo zakho, iingcinga, amandla, intetho, kunye nokuziphatha kwakho konke kutshintsha kakhulu. Eli nqanaba liphezulu lamandla kunye nokuziphatha kwahlukile kakhulu kunoko uqhele ukukubona, kwaye kuyaphawuleka kwabanye.

Xa bekwimeko yokudakumba, abanye abantu banokwenza izinto ezinokuba yingozi emzimbeni, kwintlalo, okanye ngokwezimali kubo. Umzekelo, banokuchitha imali eninzi ngequbuliso, bangcakaze, okanye baqhube ngokungakhathali. Ngamanye amaxesha , iimpawu zengqondo , ezifana nokuzibona izinto ezingekhoyo kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo, nazo zinokubakho. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenza kube nzima ukwahlula isifo se -bipolar kwezinye izifo, ezifana ne-schizophrenia.

Kwiintlobo ezithile zesifo sengqondo esiguquguqukayo, umzekelo, abantu abane -Bipolar II Disorder bafumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -hypomania . Esi sisiganeko esingenzima kangako nesingenamandla kangako kune-mania. Asihlali ixesha elide njengeziganeko ze-manic kwaye asiphazamisi ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla kangako.

Iziqendu ezidakumbisayo

Ngexesha lokudakumba, ungaziva ulusizi kakhulu kwaye ungenathemba. Ungalahlekelwa nalumdla kwizinto obuzithanda ngaphambili. Ezinye iimpawu zokudakumba nazo zingabonakala:

• Ukudinwa, ukudinwa.
• Utshintsho ekutyeni (ukwanda okanye ukuncipha).
• Ukuziva ungento yanto luphawu lokuphelelwa lithemba.
• Ukungakwazi ukwenza nantoni na.
• Ndiziva ngathi ndiyalila.

Ziziphi iintlobo zesifo se-bipolar?

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zesifo se-bipolar:

1. Isifo seBipolar I: Aba bantu baye bafumana i-manic episode enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Abantu abaninzi bane-manic episode kunye ne-depression episodes, kodwa usenokufunyaniswa ukuba une-bipolar I ukuba une-manic episodes kuphela ngaphandle kwe-depression episodes. I-depression episodes zihlala ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini. Ukuze kufunyanwe ukuba une-bipolar I, i-manic episode yakho kufuneka ihlale ubuncinane iintsuku ezisixhenxe okanye ibe nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba ifune ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Aba bantu banokuba ne -mixed episodes , ezi ziqendu apho kukho khona zombini iimpawu ze-manic kunye ne-depression.

2. Isifo seBipolar II: Aba bantu bafumana iziqendu zokudakumba kunye neziqendu ze-hypomanic. Kodwa abakaze bafumane iziqendu ze-manic ezipheleleyo eziqhelekileyo kwi-bipolar I. Nangona i-hypomania ingaphazamisi kangako kune-mania, isifo se-bipolar II ngamanye amaxesha sinokubangela uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kune-bipolar I. Oku kungenxa yokuba uxinzelelo olungapheliyo luqheleke kakhulu kwi-bipolar II.

3.Ingxaki yeCyclothymic (Cyclothymia): Aba bantu banesimo sengqondo esingazinzanga rhoqo. Batshintshana phakathi kwe-hypomania kunye nokudakumba okuncinci ubuncinane iminyaka emibini. Banokuba nexesha elifutshane le-euthymia, kodwa la maxesha angaphantsi kweeveki ezisibhozo.

4. Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-bipolar ezichazwe nezingachazwanga kunye nezinye izifo ezinxulumene nazo: Ukuba umntu akahlangabezani ngokuchanekileyo nemigangatho ye-bipolar I, II, okanye i-cyclothymia, kodwa unenqanaba elibalulekileyo le-clinical lokunyuka kwemood okungaqhelekanga, uwela kolu didi.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-borderline personality disorder (BPD) kunye ne-bipolar disorder?

Isifo soBuntu esibizwa ngokuba yiBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) kunye nesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder zinokubhideka kuba zineempawu ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

I-BPD ibonakaliswa lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwexesha elide kwimo yengqondo, ekuziphatheni, nakwimbono yomntu . Ezi zinto zihlala zibangelwa kukungqubana kubudlelwane nabanye. I-BPD inxulunyaniswa nenani eliphezulu lokuzenzakalisa ngaphandle kokuzibulala, into engaqhelekanga kwi-bipolar disorder.

Isifo se-bipolar sahlukile kwi-BPD kuba siquka iziganeko ezicacileyo nezihlala ixesha elide ze-mania/hypomania kunye/okanye ukudakumba . Ezi ziganeko ze-mania okanye ukudakumba zinokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, uxinzelelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile kunye namayeza.

Ngubani ofumana isifo se-bipolar?

Ingakhula nakubani na. Idla ngokuqala malunga neminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, ingaqala xa uselula, okanye uneminyaka engama-40 okanye engama-50 ubudala.

Ichaphazela abafazi namadoda ngokulinganayo, kodwa kunokubakho umahluko omncinci kwindlela ebachaphazela ngayo.

• Abafazi abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder banokuba notshintsho olukhulu lweemvakalelo. Ukuba uneziganeko ezine okanye ngaphezulu ze-mania okanye ukudakumba ngonyaka, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- "rapid cycling." Utshintsho kwi -sex hormone kunye namanqanaba e-thyroid hormone , kunye nokwanda kwenani le-antidepressants kubasetyhini, kunokubangela le meko "rapid cycling".
• Abafazi banokuba neengxaki zokudakumba ngaphezu kwamadoda.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-bipolar disorder?

Malunga nezigidi eziyi-5.7 zabantu abadala eMelika, okanye i-2.6% yabemi, banale meko. Le meko inokubonwa naseSri Lanka.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo se-bipolar?

Uphawu oluphambili lwe-bipolar I disorder sisiganeko sokudakumba esihlala ubuncinane iveki . Abantu abane-bipolar II disorder okanye i-cyclothymia bafumana iziganeko ze-hypomanic.

Kodwa abantu abaninzi abane-bipolar disorder bafumana zombini iziganeko ze-manic/hypomanic kunye ne-depression. Olu tshintsho lweemvakalelo alusoloko lusenzeka ngendlela efanayo. I-manic episode ayisoloko ilandela i-depression episode. Umntu unokuba ne-mood efanayo (umz., mania) amaxesha amaninzi, kwaye unokusuka kwi-mood eqhelekileyo (euthymia) aye kwelinye icala (depression).

Olu tshintsho kwimo yengqondo lunokuhlala iiveki, iinyanga, okanye iminyaka.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba olu tshintsho lweemvakalelo lungaphaya kwamandla akho kwaye olo tshintsho luhlala ixesha elide . Kwi-mania, lunokuhlala iintsuku okanye iiveki, kwaye kwi-depression, lunokuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga.

Ubunzima beziganeko zokudakumba kunye nokuxinezeleka kwengqondo bunokwahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye, kwaye kwanakwixesha elithile kumntu omnye.

Iimpawu zeManic Episodes

Abanye abantu bafumana iziqendu ze-mania okanye i-hypomania izihlandlo ezininzi ebomini babo, abanye bazifumana rhoqo.

Iimpawu zesiganeko sokudakumba zezi:

• Iimvakalelo zovuyo olukhulu, ithemba, kunye nemincili.
• Utshintsho olukhulu nolukhawulezileyo kwimo yakho. Umzekelo, ukusuka ekubeni wonwabe kakhulu ukuya ekubeni nomsindo okanye ubutshaba ngequbuliso.
• Ukungazoli.
• Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza, iingcinga ezikhawulezayo.
• Amandla anyukileyo, ukuncipha kwesidingo sokulala.
• Ukuzibamba okwandileyo, ukwenza izigqibo ezingalunganga. Umzekelo, ukuyeka umsebenzi ngequbuliso.
• Ukwenza izicwangciso ezinkulu nezingenakwenzeka.
• Ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga nokuyingozi. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi notywala, isondo esingakhuselekanga.
• Ukuziva ubaluleke ngendlela engaqhelekanga, unetalente, okanye unamandla.
• Ingqondo - Ukuba nemibono ephosakeleyo kunye nokukhohlisa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ze-mania.

Rhoqo, abantu abakwimeko yokuxinezeleka abayazi imiphumo emibi yezenzo zabo. Umngcipheko wokuzibulala uhlala ukho kwisifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder. Abanye abantu bayalingeka ukuba bazibulale ngexesha lokuxinezeleka, kungekuphela nje ngexesha lokudakumba.

Ukuba umntu ukwimeko embi kakhulu yokuphambana, ingakumbi ukuba unemibono nemibono ephosakeleyo, unokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze azikhusele yena nabanye ekonzakaleni.

Iimpawu zeHypomania

Abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezifana ne-mania, kodwa zincinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -hypomania . Ngeli xesha, ungaziva ulungile kakhulu kwaye uzive ngathi ungenza okuninzi. Abantu abakwimeko ye-hypomanic badla ngokusebenza kakuhle eluntwini okanye emsebenzini.

Ngexesha le-hypomanic episode, usenokungaziva ngathi kukho into engalunganga. Kodwa usapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo banokubona utshintsho kwimo yakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho, kwaye banokucinga ukuba akuqhelekanga kuwe. Usenokuba noxinzelelo olukhulu emva kwe-hypomanic episode.

Iimpawu zeziganeko zokudakumba

Iimpawu zeziganeko zokudakumba kwi-bipolar disorder ziyafana nezo zokudakumba okukhulu . Ziquka:

• Ukuziva usizi olunganyamezelekiyo.
• Ukungabikho kwamandla, ukudinwa.
• Ukungabi namdla wokwenza nantoni na.
• Ukuphelelwa lithemba, ukuziva ungento yanto.
• Ukungonwabi ngezinto ebezimnandi ngaphambili.
• Ubunzima bokugxila, ukwenza izigqibo.
• Ukukhala ngokungalawulekiyo.
• Umsindo.
• Ukwanda kwesidingo sokulala.
• Ukungalali okanye ukulala kakhulu.
• Ukwehla okanye ukwanda kobunzima ngenxa yotshintsho ekutyeni.
• Iingcinga malunga nokufa okanye ukuzibulala ( Ingcinga Yokuzibulala ).

Ukuba ucinga ngokuzibulala, kufuneka ufune uncedo ngokukhawuleza. ESri Lanka, fowunela umbutho ofana noSumithrayo (0112692909), okanye uye kwisibhedlele esikufutshane.

Iimpawu zeSiqendu esiXubeneyo

Kwixesha elixutyiweyo, zombini iimpawu ze-mania kunye ne-depression ziyavela kunye. Ngeli xesha, uneemvakalelo neengcinga ezimbi ezihambisana ne-depression, kodwa uziva uxhalabile, ungaphumli, kwaye unamandla amaninzi.

Abantu abafumana iziganeko ezixutyiweyo badla ngokuthi yeyona nto imbi kakhulu kwi-bipolar disorder.

Zithini izizathu zesifo se-bipolar?

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela oku.

Kodwa bakholelwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwemfuza (imfuza/ilifa) . Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder sesinye sezifo zengqondo eziqhelekileyo. Abantu abangaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder banesalamane segazi esinaso. Kodwa ukuba nje isalamane sakho segazi sinesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder akuthethi ukuba uza kuba naso.

Ezinye izinto izazinzulu ezikholelwa ukuba zinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo se-bipolar ziquka:

• Utshintsho engqondweni yakho: Abaphandi bafumanise utshintsho oluncinci kubungakanani obuqhelekileyo okanye ukusebenza kwezinye izakhiwo zobuchopho kubantu abanesifo se-bipolar. Kodwa esi sifo asinakubonwa nge-brain scan.
• Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume, ezifana nokonzakala noxinzelelo: Isiganeko esibangela uxinzelelo, esifana nokufa komntu omthandayo, ukugula okunzulu, uqhawulo-mtshato, okanye iingxaki zemali, sinokubangela isiganeko sokudakumba okanye sokudandatheka. Ke ngoko, uxinzelelo nokonzakala kunokufaka isandla ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder.

Oososayensi okwangoku baphanda indlela ezi zinto ezinxulumene ngayo ne-bipolar, indlela ezinokunceda ngayo ukuthintela le meko, kunye nefuthe lazo kunyango.

Ifunyanwa njani isifo se-bipolar?

Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa izinto ezininzi ukuxilonga oku:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba.
• Imbali epheleleyo yezonyango (ukubuza ngeempawu zakho, amava obomi bakho bonke, kunye nembali yosapho).
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango,Njengovavanyo lwegazi. Oku kwenzelwa ukujonga ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu zakho (umz., i-hyperthyroidism ).
• Uvavanyo lwempilo yengqondo. Ugqirha wakho angakwenza oku, okanye ungakuthumela kwingcali yempilo yengqondo, njengogqirha wengqondo.

Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo se-bipolar disorder, kufuneka ukuba ubukhe wadibana nesiganeko esinye se-manic okanye i-hypomanic . Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zisebenzisa i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ukunceda ekumiseleni uhlobo lwesifo se-bipolar onokuba unaso.

Ukuze afumanise ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-bipolar onalo, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya indlela iimpawu zakho ezibonakala ngayo kunye nokuba zichaphazela kangakanani ubomi bakho kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu.

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder banamathuba amaninzi okuba nezi meko zempilo yengqondo:

• Ixhala.
• Ingxaki Yokunqongophala Kwengqalelo/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Kakhulu (ADHD).
• Ingxaki Yoxinzelelo Emva Kwengozi (PTSD).
• Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nangenxa yokuba abantu basenokungakhumbuli ukuba bahlangabezana naso ngenxa yokuba inkumbulo yabo ayisebenzi kakuhle ngexesha lesiganeko sokudakumba, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima koogqirha ukubaxilonga ngokuchanekileyo abantu abane-bipolar.

Isigulana esine-bipolar kwisiganeko esinzima se-manic esinemibono ephosakeleyo sinokuchongwa gwenxa njenge -schizophrenia . Kunokwenzeka nokuba sichongwe gwenxa njenge- borderline personality disorder (BPD) .

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyaniseka nokugqibelela malunga nazo zonke iimpawu zakho kunye namava akho xa uthetha nogqirha wakho. Kunganceda nokubandakanya umntu omthandayo kwiingxoxo zakho nogqirha wakho onokukunika iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nembali yakho yempilo yengqondo.

Iphathwa njani i-bipolar disorder?

Unyango lunokunceda abantu abaninzi, kwanabo baneengxaki ezinkulu ze-bipolar disorder. Isicwangciso sonyango esiphumelelayo sidla ngokuquka indibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Unyango lwengqondo / Unyango lokuthetha.
• Amayeza.
• Iindlela zokuzilawula, umzekelo, ukufunda ngesifo, ukubona iimpawu zokuqala zesifo, kunye nokuchonga izinto ezibangela eso sifo.
• Imikhwa yokuphila esempilweni, efana nokuzilolonga, i-yoga, kunye nokucamngca, inokuxhasa unyango, kodwa ayithathi indawo yalo.
• Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) lusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ezinye iindlela zonyango zingasabeli kakuhle kumayeza, okanye xa iimpawu kufuneka zilawulwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela umonakalo.

Isifo se-bipolar sisifo esihlala ubomi bonke, ngoko ke unyango luxanduva lobomi bonke . Kungathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuba wena nogqirha wakho nifumane isicwangciso sonyango esisebenzayo kuni. Nangona oku kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nonyango.

Iziqendu zokudakumba nezoxinzelelo ziphinda zibuye ngokuhamba kwexesha. Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder bafumana ukuphumla kokutshintsha kweemvakalelo zabo ngexesha leziqendu, kodwa abanye banokuba neempawu ezishiyekileyo. Unyango oluqhubekayo noluhlala ixesha elide lunokunceda ukulawula ezi mpawu.

Ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo (umz., ixhala, i-ADHD) kunye ne-bipolar, ukunyanga ezo meko kunokuba nzima nangakumbi. Umzekelo, amayeza okudakumba kwi -obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) kunye nezinto ezikhuthaza i-ADHD zinokwenza iimpawu ze-bipolar zibe mandundu kwaye zibangele neziganeko ze-manic.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukunyanga ezi meko kunokuba nzima, akunakwenzeka. Zimisele ekufumaneni isicwangciso sonyango esikusebenzelayo.

Ziziphi iintlobo zonyango ezisetyenziselwa isifo se-bipolar?

Unyango lwengqondo, olukwaziwa ngokuba yi- "talk therapy," lunokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso sonyango kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder.

Unyango lwengqondo luluhlu lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikunceda ukuchonga nokutshintsha iimvakalelo ezikhathazayo, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha. Ukusebenza nengcali yezempilo yengqondo , njengogqirha wengqondo, kunokubonelela wena nosapho lwakho ngenkxaso, imfundo kunye nesikhokelo.

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-bipolar disorder:

• Imfundo yengqondo: Kulapho iingcali zempilo yengqondo zifundisa abantu ngeemeko zabo zempilo yengqondo. Ngenxa yokuba i-bipolar yimeko enzima, ukufunda ngayo nendlela echaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho kunokukunceda wena nabantu obathandayo ukuba nikwazi ukuyilawula nokuyijongana nayo ngcono.
• Unyango lwe-Interpersonal and Social Rhythm (IPSRT): Olu nyango lwenzelwe ukukunceda uqonde kwaye usebenze nge-biological and social rhythms yakho ukuphucula imo yakho. I-IPSRT lunyango olusebenzayo kubantu abanesifo se-bipolar disorder kunye nezinye iingxaki zemood. Igxile ekunamatheleni kumayeza, ukulawula iziganeko zobomi ezixinzelelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwi-social rhythms (utshintsho kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla). I-IPSRT ikufundisa izakhono ezinokukunceda uphephe iziganeko ze-mania okanye ukudakumba kwixesha elizayo.
• Unyango Olugxile Kusapho: Olu lunyango lwabantu abadala nabantwana abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder kunye nabanakekeli babo. Kolu nyango, abantu obathandayo basebenza nawe ukuze bafunde nge-bipolar, baphucule izakhono zonxibelelwano, kwaye baziqhelanise nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (i-CBT): Olu luhlobo lonyango olucwangcisiweyo nolugxile kwiinjongo. Ingcali yakho yonyango ikunceda ukuba ujonge nzulu kwiingcinga zakho neemvakalelo zakho. Uza kufunda indlela iingcinga zakho ezichaphazela ngayo izenzo zakho. Nge-CBT, ungafunda ukuyeka iingcinga ezimbi kunye nokuziphatha kwaye uphuhlise iindlela zokucinga ezisempilweni kunye nemikhwa.

Ngawaphi amayeza asetyenziswa kwi-bipolar disorder?

Amanye amayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-bipolar. Kusenokufuneka uzame amayeza ahlukeneyo phantsi kwesikhokelo sikagqirha wakho ukuze ufumane elona likulungeleyo.

Amayeza aqhelekileyo e-bipolar disorder aquka:

• Izinto ezizinzisa imeko yengqondo.
• Isizukulwana sesibini ("esingaqhelekanga") ii-neuroleptics (ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-antipsychotics).
• Amayeza okudakumba.

Ukuba uthatha amayeza e-bipolar disorder, khumbula ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze uqonde iingozi, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye neenzuzo zamayeza.
• Xelela ugqirha wakho malunga neminye imithi (eyalelwe ngugqirha, ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, okanye izongezo zesondlo) osele uyisebenzisa.
• Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziphazamisayo, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Banokukwazi ukutshintsha umthamo okanye bakunike elinye iyeza.
• Khumbula ukuba amayeza e-bipolar afanele athathwe rhoqo, njengoko kuchaziwe.

Izinzisi zeMood zeBipolar

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder badla ngokufuna amayeza okulungisa iimvakalelo zabo ukuze balawule iziganeko ze-manic okanye ze-hypomanic.

Iintlobo zezinto ezizinzisa imeko yengqondo kunye namagama azo eempawu:

• ILithium ( Eskalith®, Lithobid®, Lithonate®)
• I-Valproic acid (iDepakene®)
• I-Divalproex sodium (iDepakote®)
• ICarbamazepine (iTegretol®, iEquetro®)
• I-Lamotrigine (iLamictal®)

I-Lithium yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zifundwa kakhulu zonyango lwe-bipolar disorder. I-Lithium yityuwa yendalo. Inciphisa iimpawu ze-manic kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuqala unyango, kodwa kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuba iimpawu ze-manic zilawulwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha badla ngokunika amanye amayeza, anjenge-antipsychotics okanye i-antidepressants, ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu.

I-lithium ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iingxaki ze-thyroid kunye nezintso . Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho uya kujonga rhoqo ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kunye nezintso zakho, kunye namanqanaba e-lithium egazini lakho, kuba amanqanaba e-lithium anokunyuka kakhulu.

Nantoni na ehlisa amanqanaba akho e-sodium - njengokutshintshela ekutyeni okune-sodium ephantsi, ukubila kakhulu, umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, okanye urhudo - inokubangela ukuba i-lithium iqokeleleke ibe ngamanqanaba anetyhefu emzimbeni wakho. Qaphela ezi meko ukuba uthatha i-lithium, kwaye uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba ziyavela.

Ezi ziimpawu ze- lithium toxicity/overdose . Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi , fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane:

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo kakhulu okanye okucothayo kakhulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukudideka, isiyezi.
• Ukungcangcazela okanye ukuxhuzula okukhulu.
• Ukuchama kakhulu.
• Iintshukumo zamehlo ezingalawulekiyo.
• Ukukruquka okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga.

Amayeza e-Neuroleptic kwi-bipolar disorder

Oogqirha badla ngokunika amayeza e-neuroleptics esizukulwana sesibini okanye angaqhelekanga (i-antipsychotics) kunye ne-mood stabilizer kubantu abane-bipolar disorder. La mayeza anceda kwiimeko zokudakumba kunye nezoxinzelelo.

Zine kuphela kwezi ziyobisi ezivunyiweyo yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwe-bipolar:

• I-Cariprazine (Vraylar®)
• I-Lurasidone (iLatuda®)
• Indibaniselwano ye-Olanzapine-fluoxetine (Symbyax®)
• I-Quetiapine (iSeroquel®)

Nangona kunjalo, amanye amayeza afana ne-Olanzapine (Zyprexa®), i-Risperidone (Risperdal®), kunye ne-Aripiprazole (Abilify®) nawo adla ngokumiselwa.

Ii-antidepressants ze-bipolar disorder

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banika amayeza okudakumba ukunyanga iziganeko zokudakumba kwisifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze bathintele iziganeko zokudakumba, banika neyeza lokuzinzisa iimvakalelo kunye neyeza lokudakumba.

Amayeza okudakumba awasetyenziswa njengonyango lodwa lwe-bipolar disorder, kuba ukuthatha amayeza okudakumba kuphela kunokubangela i-manic episode.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-bipolar?

Iziphumo ezingezizo zemithi ye-bipolar ziqhelekile, kwaye ziyahluka ngokwamayeza. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento omawuyilindele kwiyeza olisebenzisayo. Kubalulekile nokubaxelela ukuba uneziphumo ezingezizo.

Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelele ukuba uyeke. Ukuyeka amayeza ngequbuliso kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kwaye kukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu zempilo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zamayeza e-bipolar zezi:

• Ukutyeba kwakho.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemetabolism, kubandakanya amanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-lipid (i-dyslipidemia) , uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) , kunye neswekile ephezulu yegazi (i-hyperglycemia) .
• Ukozela.
• U-Akathisia – Ukuziva ungenaxhala, ungenaxhala, kunye nomnqweno onamandla wokushukuma, ukushukuma, okanye ukuhambahamba.

Ziziphi ezinye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kwi-bipolar?

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ugqirha wakho anokuzisebenzisa ukunyanga isifo se-bipolar ziquka:

• Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Oku kuquka ukuthumela umbane omfutshane ngentloko yakho uye engqondweni yakho, okubangela ukuxhuzula. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa kubantu abaxinezelekileyo kakhulu. I-ECT ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwixinzelelo elingaphenduliyo kumayeza okanye kwi-mania enzima, esongela ubomi. Lolona nyango lungcono lwe-mania ukuba ukhulelwe. I-ECT yenziwa phantsi kwe -anesthesia eqhelekileyo, ngoko ulele ngexesha lonke lenkqubo kwaye awuyi kuva ntlungu.
• Ukukhuthazwa kweMagnetic yeTranscranial (TMS): Oku kuquka ukuthumela umbane nge-coil emfutshane ye-electromagnetic engqondweni yakho. Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa oku ukunyanga ukudakumba okungaphenduliyo kumayeza. Luhlobo olungeyonto ingcono kune-ECT. I-TMS ayibuhlungu kwaye ayifuni i-anesthesia.
• Amayeza e-thyroid: La mayeza angasebenza njengezinzisi-mvakalelo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ayasebenza ekunciphiseni iimpawu kubafazi abane-bipolar disorder enzima ukunyanga, "ekhawulezayo".
• Unyango lweKetamine: Iidosi eziphantsi ze-ketamine ye-anesthetic enikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) zibonakalisiwe ukuba zinefuthe elifutshane lokudakumba kunye nelokubulala abantu abanesifo se-bipolar.
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlele: Olu lukhetho olungxamisekileyo lonyango lwe-bipolar. Luyimfuneko xa umntu ekwimeko yokudakumba okukhulu okanye enesifo sengqondo esibuhlungu kwaye esengozini kuye okanye kwabanye.

Ngaba utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila luyanceda kwi-bipolar?

Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kucebisa utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo ukuze likuncede uyeke ukuziphatha okwenza iimpawu zakho ze-bipolar zibe mandundu. Ezinye zezi nguqu kwindlela ophila ngayo ziquka:

• Yeka ukusebenzisa utywala, iziyobisi, kunye necuba: Kubalulekile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa utywala kunye neziyobisi (kuquka icuba) njengoko ezi zinto zinokudibana namayeza owasebenzisayo, ziyenze mandundu imeko yakho ye-bipolar, kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wakho wokuba nale meko.
• Gcina idayari yemihla ngemihla okanye itshati yeemvakalelo: Ukurekhoda iingcinga zakho zemihla ngemihla, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha kunokukunceda ubone indlela unyango lwakho olusebenza ngayo kwaye uchonge izinto ezinokubangela ukuba ube ne-mania okanye uxinezeleko.
• Gcina ishedyuli yokulala esempilweni:I-Bipolar inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwiindlela zakho zokulala, kwaye utshintsho kwiindlela zokulala lunokubangela ukugula. Yenza kube yinto ephambili ukuba neshedyuli yokulala rhoqo, njengokulala nokuvuka ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla.
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga kubonisiwe ukuba kuphucula imo yengqondo kunye nempilo yengqondo ngokubanzi. Ke ngoko, kunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-bipolar. Isiphumo esiqhelekileyo samayeza e-bipolar kukwanda kobunzima. Ke ngoko, ukuzilolonga kunokunceda nokulawula ubunzima.
• Ukucamngca: Ukucamngca kubonakaliswe kuluncedo ekuphuculeni ukudakumba, okuyinxalenye yesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder.
• Lawula uxinzelelo kwaye ugcine ubudlelwane obusempilweni: Uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lunokwenza iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi kubantu abaninzi abane-bipolar disorder. Kubalulekile ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho ngendlela enempilo kwaye ususe izinto ezibangela uxinzelelo xa kunokwenzeka. Inxalenye enkulu yoku kukugcina ubudlelwane obusempilweni nabahlobo kunye nosapho oluxhasayo, kunye nokuyeka ubudlelwane obunobungozi obongeza uxinzelelo ebomini bakho.

Ithini ingqikelelo yesifo se-bipolar?

Imeko yesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder idla ngokuba mbi kakhulu ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder banokuphila ubomi obanelisayo nobunemveliso.

Isifo se-bipolar sinciphisa ubomi obulindelweyo ngeminyaka elithoba. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu onesifo se-bipolar uyazibulala. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nama-60% abantu abanesifo se-bipolar baxhomekeke kwiziyobisi okanye utywala.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba izigulane ezine-bipolar zifune iingcebiso zonyango kwaye zizinikele kunyango.

Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamayeza kunokunceda ukunciphisa iziganeko zokudakumba kunye nokudakumba. Ukuba unokuchonga iimpawu kunye nezizathu zezi ziganeko, unethuba elingcono lokufumana unyango oluphumelelayo kunye namaqhinga okuhlangabezana nalo anokuthintela ukugula ixesha elide, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kunye nokuzibulala.

Ngaba isifo se-bipolar sinokuthintelwa?

Ngelishwa, kuba izazinzulu aziyazi eyona nto ibangela i-bipolar, akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuyithintela.

Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha kwangoko (Ukungenelela Kwangoko) .

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga ne-bipolar?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-bipolar disorder, kuya kufuneka udibane neqela lakho lezonyango rhoqo ebomini bakho bonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kuwe. Eli qela lingabandakanya:

• Umboneleli wakho wezempilo oyintloko.
• Ingcali yezengqondo.
• Ingcali yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezonyango.
• Ingcali yezifo zengqondo.

Izigulane ezine-bipolar kufuneka ziye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba uneemeko ezinje,Kubalulekile ukufowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko (inkonzo ye-ambulensi yongxamiseko yaseSri Lanka) okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane:

• Iingcinga malunga nokufa okanye ukuzibulala.
• Iingcinga okanye izicwangciso zokuzilimaza okanye zokuzilimaza abanye.
• Ukuba nemibono engento kunye nokukhohlisa.
• Iimpawu zetyhefu ye-lithium/ukugqithisa , ezifana nokucaphuka okukhulu nokuhlanza, ukungcangcazela okukhulu kwezandla, ukudideka, kunye nokutshintsha kombono.

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo se-bipolar sisifo esihlala ixesha elide. Kodwa unyango oluhlala ixesha elide, olufana namayeza kunye nonyango lokuthetha, lunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi obunempilo nobunenjongo. Kubalulekile ukudibana neqela lakho lezempilo rhoqo ukuze ujonge isicwangciso sakho sonyango kunye neempawu. Khumbula ukuba oogqirha bakho kunye nabantu obathandayo bakhona ukukuxhasa. Musa ukoyika ukucela uncedo.

I- Bipolar, ukudakumba kwengqondo, i-mania, ukudakumba, impilo yengqondo, iingxaki zemood, unyango