Ngaba ukhathazekile ngemiphunga yakho? Masifunde ngeSifo samaLung amnyama!

Sonke siyazi ukuba eminye imisebenzi ineengozi ezincinci. Kodwa kukho eminye imisebenzi, iingozi zayo ezingabonakaliyo, kwaye zibonakala emva kwexesha elithile. Esinye sezifo ezinjalo "sisifo semiphunga emnyama". Abantu abasebenza kwimigodi yamalahle basengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko. Esi asisosifo esivela ngequbuliso, kodwa sibonakala kancinci kancinci.

Yintoni iBlack Lung Disease?

Ngamafutshane, isifo semiphunga emnyama sisifo apho imiphunga ivuvukala kwaye ibe namanxeba ngenxa yokuphefumla amasuntswana othuli amancinci afumaneka kwimigodi yamalahle. Oogqirha bakwabiza ngokuba yi-"Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis". Khawuthelekelele, xa siphefumla, la masuntswana othuli amancinci angena emiphungeni yethu. Xa olu thuli luqokelelana ngokuhamba kwexesha, luqala ukonakalisa imiphunga. Kanye njengokuba inxeba elincinci lishiya isilonda, olu thuli lubangela namanxeba (`(fibrosis)`) emiphungeni. Yile nto ibangela ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Ukuba uwela elelini, uyayiva ngoko nangoko. Kodwa esi sifo semiphunga emnyama asinjalo. Iimpawu ngamanye amaxesha zibonakala emva kweminyaka emininzi uphefumla uthuli lwamalahle. Kodwa umonakalo emiphungeni ovela kwezo ngceba zincinci zothuli awungomnqakathi.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo semiphunga emnyama.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesi sifo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni usebenze ixesha elingakanani kwimigodi yamalahle kunye nokuba uphefumle uthuli olungakanani. Zombini zibangela ubunzima bokuphefumla.

1. Isifo Esilula Semiphunga Esimnyama: Oku kwenzeka xa amabala amancinci amnyama emiphungeni yakho eqala ukwenzeka. Ukuba ujonga i-X-ray okanye i-CT scan, abonakala njengamabala amancinci amnyama. Kwimeko enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo, uthabathe amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo, uphephe ukuvezwa ngakumbi kuthuli lwamalahle, kwaye wenze uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo kunye novavanyo lwemiphunga. Okukhona ukhawuleza ulufumane olu hlobo lwesifo, kokukhona kungcono kuwe. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo.

2. Isifo Semiphunga Esinzima Esinzima: Kule meko, iminxeba emiphungeni ibanzi kakhulu kwaye inokusasazeka kwindawo enkulu yemiphunga. Nangona le minxeba ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukunciphisa ukungonwabi okuvayo. Oogqirha bakwabiza le meko ngokuthi `(Progressive Massive Fibrosis)`.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Isifo semiphunga emnyama luhlobo lwesifo semiphunga esibizwa ngokuba yi-"interstitial lung disease". Esi "sifo semiphunga esingaphakathi" sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, isifo semiphunga emnyama senzeka kuphela kubavukuzi bamalahle. Phakathi kwabo, esi sifo sixhaphakile. Nangona sele kusaziwa amashumi eminyaka ukuba esi sifo sibangelwa luthuli lwamalahle, malunga ne-16% yabavukuzi bamalahle basenaso esi sifo. Okubuhlungu kukuba, eli nani liyanda.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo semiphunga emnyama?

Usenokuqala ukuziva iimpawu emva kweminyaka emininzi utyhileke kuthuli lwamalahle. Usenokungabi nazo iimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa ngale meko (i-Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis), iimpawu zinokunyuka kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• Ukuziva uxinene esifubeni.
• Kuba nzima xa usenza umthambo okanye usenza umsebenzi onzima.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla. Ngoku ungaziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo nokuba wenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo obuyenza ngaphandle komzamo.
• Ukukhohlela. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kukhwehlela kunokukhatshwa yincindi emnyama.

Xa ekuxilonga, ugqirha wakho unokubona isandi sokukhala okanye sokukrala esifubeni sakho xa uphefumla. Nangona usenokungakwazi ukubona ngaphandle ukuba unemiphunga emnyama, uvavanyo olufana ne-X-ray lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumanise ukuba yimiphunga emnyama okanye esinye isifo semiphunga ngokujonga iimpawu ezithile kwimiphunga yakho.

Yintoni ebangela la mabala amnyama emiphungeni?

Asikwazi ukubona zonke iinxalenye zothuli esiziphefumlayo. Kodwa ezi nxalenye zothuli zincinci kwimigodi yamalahle ziqulathe ikhabhoni . Kwakhona, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo osebenza kuyo kwimigodi kunye nohlobo lwelitye olimbayo, olu thuli lusenokuba nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-silica .

Xa uphefumla uthuli lwamalahle, la masuntswana mancinci othuli angena nzulu emiphungeni yakho. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iyawabona la masuntswana "njengezinto zasemzini." Ngoko ke, inkqubo izama ukususa la masuntswana. Le mpendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba ibangela ukudumba kunye namanxeba emiphungeni, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ekhokelela kwiimpawu zesifo semiphunga emnyama.

Ngaba imiphunga yakho iba mnyama xa utshaya intsangu?

Ukutshaya nantoni na akulunganga kwimiphunga yakho. Akunamsebenzi nokuba yintsangu (okanye i-cannabis), icuba, icuba, nantoni na. Xa utshaya, uphefumla amasuntswana anetyhefu, izinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa kwemiphunga, kunye nezinto ezibangela umhlaza.

Ukutshaya kungonakalisa imiphunga yakho. Kukwanyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba neengxaki zokuphefumla ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo, i-bronchitis, i-COPD (isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga), kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshaya akubangeli i-Pneumoconiosis yabasebenzi bamalahle. Esi sifo semiphunga sibangelwa kuphela ngamalahle.

Ngaba ukuvasa nge-vape kwenza imiphunga yakho ibe mnyama?

Njengokutshaya, ukutshaya umphunga konakalisa imiphunga, kodwa akubanga umphunga omnyama. Nangona kunjalo, ukutshaya umphunga (kunye nokutshaya) kunokwenza iimpawu zomphunga omnyama zibe zimbi ngakumbi.

Kodwa ukuvapa kuza nemingcipheko yako. Xa uvapa, usebenzisa i-'vape pen' (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-'e-cigarette') ukufudumeza ulwelo kwi-'vapor' uze uluphefumle (isenokuba yicuba, intsangu, okanye enye into). Xa uvapa, amasuntswana owaphefumlayo nawo abangela impendulo yomzimba kwimiphunga yakho. Kodwa ayibizwa ngokuba sisifo semiphunga emnyama. Ingabangela amanxeba emiphungeni, umonakalo wamalungu omzimba, kunye nemeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yi-'(EVALI)` (i-e-cigarette okanye ukwenzakala kwemiphunga okunxulumene nokuvapa).

Ingaba isifo semiphunga emnyama siyasulela?

Hayi, isifo semiphunga emnyama asisuleli. Awunakusifumana komnye umntu, kwaye awunakusifumana komnye umntu. Kwaye asisosifo "semfuza". Indlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumana isifo semiphunga emnyama kukumba amalahle.

Ingaba oku kubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktiriya?

Nangona ungaziva ugula sisifo semiphunga emnyama, asikosulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktheriya. Njengokuba umzimba wakho usabela kwizinto zangaphandle ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba isebenza ngamasuntswana othuli owaphefumlela emgodini wamalahle. Ekuqaleni, le mpendulo yokuzikhusela yomzimba inokukwenza uzive ngathi unesifo somkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.

Zithini iingxaki zesifo semiphunga emnyama?

Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezinzulu (iingxaki) ezinokubakho ngenxa yesi sifo:

• Isifo sephepha (TB)
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Umhlaza wemiphunga

Ifunyanwa njani iPneumoconiosis yabasebenzi bamalahle?

Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye nembali yakho yomsebenzi. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, baza kuyalela novavanyo lwezonyango.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo?

Ukuba i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-computed tomography scan (CT scan) ibonisa ukuba usenokuba nomphunga omnyama, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi (iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wemiphunga) ukuze abone ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Ezi mvavanyo zibalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe indlela umphunga omnyama oye wayichaphazela ngayo imiphunga yakho. Iqela lakho lezonyango linokujonga ezi zilinganiso kamva ukuze livavanye ukuba unyango luyasebenza okanye ukuba imeko yakho iya isiba mandundu.

Iqela lakho lezonyango linokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"arterial blood gas" ukujonga amanqanaba e-oxygen aphantsi. Ukuba uvavanywa ukuze ufumane imbuyekezo yesifo semiphunga emnyama, olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa kabini: kanye ngelixa uhleli phantsi uphumle, kwaye kanye emva kokuba uqhelise umzimba kangangoko unako.

Isifo semiphunga emnyama sinyangwa njani?

Unyango lwesifo semiphunga emnyama lujoliswe ekunciphiseni ukungonwabi okuzivayo, alunakunyanga ngokupheleleyo esi sifo.Ukufakelwa imiphunga ngamanye amaxesha kunokunyanga imiphunga emnyama. Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokulawula iimpawu zemiphunga emnyama ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwamalahle.
• Zama ukuthintela ukucaphuka okungakumbi kwemiphunga yakho (yeka ukutshaya nokutshaya, fumana izitofu zakho ngexesha).
• Amayeza agcina imigudu yomoya ivulekile kwaye anciphisa ukudumba (ii-bronchodilators).
• Ukuvuselelwa kweMiphunga (`(Ukuvuselelwa kweMiphunga)`).
• Ukubonelela ngeoksijini.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinayo le meko?

Ukufumana isifo esifana nesifo semiphunga emnyama kungathatha ixesha ukuqhelana naso, ingakumbi ukuba awunazo iimpawu. Esi sifo siya kuhlala nawe ubomi bakho bonke.

Ukuba unesifo semiphunga emnyama esiyinkimbinkimbi, usenokuba neempawu ezininzi kwaye kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo. Usenokufuna neoksijini eyongezelelweyo. Ngokubanzi, uphando lubonisa ukuba isifo semiphunga emnyama sinciphisa ixesha lokuphila malunga neminyaka eli-12.6.

Ndingabuyela emsebenzini?

Ukuba unesifo semiphunga emnyama, ayilocebo lilungileyo ukuqhubeka usebenza emsebenzini oquka uthuli oluninzi lwamalahle. Ugqirha wakho angakunceda ufake isicelo senkqubo ethi `Icandelo 90`, ekunceda ukuba utshintshele kumsebenzi `onothuli oluphantsi`. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani, unokukwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi. Kusenokufuneka uthathe ikhefu emsebenzini xa ungaziva kakuhle.

Ngaba isifo semiphunga emnyama singathintelwa?

Ewe, isifo semiphunga emnyama sinokuthintelwa. Umzekelo, imibutho efana ne-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) eMelika imisele imigangatho yokunceda ukuthintela isifo semiphunga emnyama. Ukuba usebenza emgodini wamalahle okanye kufutshane nawo, umqeshi wakho kufuneka asebenzise amanyathelo okunciphisa uthuli lwamalahle kwindawo osebenza kuyo kunye nokuphucula umoya. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukunxiba imaski yobuso efakwe kakuhle (evavanyiweyo) kunokukunceda ukukhusela eluthulini.

Emva komsebenzi, kufuneka uhlale unxibe imaski ude ukhulule iimpahla zakho zomsebenzi. Susa imaski ngaphambi kokuba uhlambe kwaye uhlambe kakuhle naziphi na iinxalenye zamalahle entloko naselusu lwakho. Kungcono ukunxiba imaski nokuba uhlamba iimpahla zakho zomsebenzi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo semiphunga emnyama?

Eyona nto inobungozi obukhulu bokufumana isifo semiphunga emnyama kukusebenza kwimigodi yamalahle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungumsebenzi wemigodi yamalahle (okanye ubukhe waba ngumsebenzi wemigodi yamalahle), ezi zinto zilandelayo ziyandisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukuba uyatshaya.
• Ukuba ukhe wachanabeka eluthulini olugqithisileyo ngelixa usebenza.
• Ukuba usebenze kwimigodi yamalahle iminyaka emininzi.
• Ukuba usebenze kwiindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu lothuli lwamatye okanye i-silica emgodini.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba unesifo semiphunga emnyama, kufuneka unciphise ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinokucaphukisa imiphunga yakho ngakumbi. Oku kuquka:

• Yeka ukutshaya. Oku kubalulekile kwimpilo yakho yangoku neyexesha elizayo. Kodwa akulula. Ukuba une-COPD kwaye uyatshaya, thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela onokufumana ngazo uncedo lokuyeka. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukuba phakathi kwabanye abantu abatshayayo ('umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye') kangangoko unako.
• Musa ukuya kwimigodi yamalahle. Ukuphefumla amaqhekeza amaninzi amalahle kunye ne-silica kuya kuyenza imeko yakho ibe mandundu.
• Nika ingqalelo kwimozulu. Ngokukodwa, jonga i-Air Quality Index (AQI), edla ngokuxelwa kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu. Ukuba i-AQI "ayinampilo kumaqela anovakalelo" okanye okubi nangakumbi, zama ukuhlala ngaphakathi ide iphucuke - kwaye unxibe imaski ukuba uphuma ngaphandle.
• Ziphephe izifo. Usulelo lokuphefumla lunokwenza imeko yakho ibe mandundu. Fumana izitofu zakho zomkhuhlane, i-pneumococcal pneumonia, kunye ne-COVID-19 ngexesha. Kwakhona, cinga ngokunxiba imaski yobuso xa uphuma ngexesha lomkhuhlane.
• Zilolonge, kodwa lumka. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemithambo onokuyenza, indlela omele uzityhale ngayo, kunye nendlela yokwazi ukuba uzityhala kakhulu.
• Cwangcisa ukuqaqamba kwentliziyo. Akukho mntu uthanda ukucinga ngokugula xa uziva uphilile. Kodwa ukuba nesicwangciso sendlela oza kujongana ngayo nokuqaqamba kwentliziyo kunokukunceda uphephe ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango xa uzive uphantsi kakhulu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukukubona rhoqo ukuze uhlolwe. Ukwangumntu ofanelekileyo ukumbuza ukuba kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango nini kwaye phi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

• Imeko yam imbi kangakanani?
• Ngawaphi amayeza endiwadingayo? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
• Ngaba ikho indlela yokuba ndizilolonge ngokukhuselekileyo?
• Ndifanele ndivavanyelwe isifo semiphunga emnyama kangaphi?
• Ndingenza ntoni xa ndinesicaphucaphu?
• Ngaba ndifuna ukufakelwa imiphunga?

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER)?

Ukuba uphefumla kancinci okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla engaqhelekanga, okanye ukuba imilebe yakho, izandla, okanye iinyawo zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis), funa uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ingaba isifo semiphunga emnyama sisifo sephepha?

Hayi, isifo semiphunga emnyama asisosifo sephepha (TB). Isifo sephepha sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane iMycobacterium tuberculosis. Siyosulela, kodwa asisasazeki lula phakathi kwabantu.

Xa unesifo semiphunga emnyama, amajoni akho omzimba abuthathaka, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane isifo semiphunga emnyama. Ezinye zeempawu zesifo semiphunga emnyama ziyafana: ukukhwehlela, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye ne-phlegm. Kodwa isifo semiphunga emnyama asikosulelo. Ukuba unesifo semiphunga emnyama ngaphandle kwesifo semiphunga, awuyi kuba nomkhuhlane okanye ukubila ebusuku.

Ingaba isifo semiphunga emnyama sisifo sokukhubazeka?

Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kumazwe afana ne-United States, ukukhubazeka yingxaki yezomthetho. Umbuzo ophambili apha ngulo: Ngaba ngoku ungawenza umsebenzi owawuwenza xa wawungumsebenzi wemigodi yamalahle? Ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka axele ukuba unesifo semiphunga emnyama kangakanani, zithini iimpawu zakho, kwaye ungazilawula njani ngamayeza. Ukuze ufumane izibonelelo zesifo semiphunga emnyama, abasebenzi bemigodi kufuneka bavavanywe ngokukhethekileyo okubizwa ngokuba yi-`413b exam.` Olu luvavanyo olwenziwa ngoogqirha abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuhlola abasebenzi bemigodi yamalahle.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ungaziva ngathi baninzi abantu abakuxelela indlela yokwenza umsebenzi wakho. Kodwa akukho mntu ufanele ukugula ngenxa yeemeko ezingakhuselekanga. Yiyo loo nto kukho imithetho - ukukunceda usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo. Nangona kukho yonke le mizamo yokhuseleko emsebenzini, malunga ne-16% yabasebenzi bemigodi yamalahle (oko kukuthi umntu omnye kwabathandathu) bafumana isifo semiphunga emnyama.

Nokuba uzive ungcono ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, isifo semiphunga emnyama sinokuba yinto enzima ukusamkela, ingakumbi ukuba ubabonile abahlobo bakho kunye nabantu osebenza nabo bedlula kuso. Ukuba usandul' ukufunyaniswa ukuba unayo, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu kwaye unengxaki yokumelana nayo, bona ugqirha wakho. Unokuyivavanya impilo yakho aze akucebise amaqela enkxaso kunye nokungenelela okunokukunceda.

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo semiphunga emnyama sisifo esibi, esihlala ixesha elide esibangelwa kukuphefumla uthuli oluvela kwimigodi yamalahle. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusithintela kukulandela iinkqubo zokhuseleko nokunciphisa ukuvezwa luthuli.

• Ukuba usebenza kwishishini elinxulumene namalahle, soloko ulumkele ukhuseleko lwakho. Nxiba iimaski zobuso ezifanelekileyo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yokhuseleko enikiweyo yinkampani.
• Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuqhubeka kwesifo kunye neengxaki.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Kuya konakalisa impilo yemiphunga yakho ngakumbi.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha kunye neendlela zonyango ngokuchanekileyo.

Impilo yakho luxanduva lwakho. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku nokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.

Isifo seMiphunga esimnyama , iPneumoconiosis yabasebenzi bamalahle, isifo semiphunga, amalahle, uthuli, isifo sokuphefumla