Ngaba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngomhlaza wamathambo? Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba amathambo ethu, oko kukuthi, amathambo, nawo anokuba nomhlaza? Mhlawumbi wena okanye umntu omaziyo ukhe waziva iintlungu zamathambo okanye iqhuma elincinci waza wazibuza ngalo. Yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza wamathambo, uvela njani, zithini iimpawu, kwaye ngaba kukho unyango? Siza kuthetha ngazo zonke ezi zinto namhlanje, ngokulula.

Yintoni umhlaza wamathambo?

Ngamafutshane, igama elithi "Bone Cancer" ligama eliqhelekileyo leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezikhula emathanjeni ethu. Xa ezi seli zomhlaza ziqala ukukhula ngaphakathi kwethambo, njengesityalo esibi, zonakalisa izicubu zethu zamathambo ezilungileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba zonakalisa amathambo aphilileyo. Nangona ezi cancer zinokukhula nakweyiphi na ithambo, zihlala zibonakala kwithambo lethanga, ithambo le-shin, okanye ithambo lengalo ephezulu.

Ngoku, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zomhlaza wamathambo. Enye kuxa umhlaza uqala emathanjeni . Siwubiza ngokuba 'ngumhlaza wamathambo oyintloko' okanye 'zii-bone sarcomas'. Olunye uhlobo kuxa umhlaza uqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni, njengebele, imiphunga, okanye i-prostate, kwaye usasazeka emathanjeni . Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yi-bony metastases'. Kufana naxa umhlaza uqala kwenye indawo uze usasazeke emathanjeni. Umhlaza wamabele, umhlaza we-prostate, kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga zezona ntlobo zinokwenzeka ukuba zisasazeke emathanjeni.

Umhlaza wamathambo yimeko enzima ngokwenene, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuwunyanga ngokukhawuleza . Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi! Oogqirha bethu baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga le mihlaza yamathambo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wamathambo ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wamathambo oyintloko, umhlaza oqala ethanjeni ngokwalo. Ezi zahlulwe ngokweentlobo zeeseli kunye nezicubu apho umhlaza uqala khona:

1. I-Osteosarcoma : Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamathambo. Luqala kwiiseli ezenza izicubu ezintsha zamathambo. Luxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci (ingakumbi abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-10 nengama-20 ubudala) , kodwa lunokuvela nakubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci.

2. I-Ewing sarcoma : Olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokukhula emathanjeni nakwizicwili ezithambileyo ezijikelezileyo. Luxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci .

3. I-Chondrosarcoma : Lo mhlaza uqala kwi-cartilage, izicubu ezithambileyo ezidibanisa amalungu ethu kunye namathambo ethu. Uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala .

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza wamathambo:

• I-Chordoma : Lo mhlaza ukhula kumqolo okanye emazantsi entloko.
• I-Fibrosarcoma (`I-Fibrosarcoma`): Ezi ziqala kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezinemicu ekupheleni kwamathambo.
• Ii-giant cell tumors : Ezi zii-tumors ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi), kodwa azinakuba ngumhlaza rhoqo.
• I-Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma : Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungenabundlongondlongo oluqala kwizicubu ezithambileyo kunye namathambo.

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza wamathambo?

Kodwa nantsi into, umhlaza wamathambo awuxhaphakanga kakhulu . Enyanisweni, xa uthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, awuxhaphakanga kakhulu. Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, umhlaza wamathambo ubangela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Nangona unokukhula nakubani na waluphi na ubudala, uxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci kunakwabantu abadala.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ngenxa yokuba uneqhuma ethanjeni lakho, akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Uninzi lweethumba zamathambo azinamhlaza (azinabungozi). Ezi thumba zingenamhlaza azisasazeki emzimbeni wonke njengomhlaza.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wamathambo?

Abanye abantu abanomhlaza wamathambo basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu, basenokungabi nazintlungu nje. Kodwa abanye banokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Khawuthelekelele umntwana wakho okanye umntu omaziyo ehlala ekhalaza ngentlungu emlenzeni okanye engalweni, embi kakhulu ebusuku, okanye ngamanye amaxesha intlungu ebukhali nehlabayo . Usenokucinga, "Owu, oku kumele ukuba kwenzeke ngenxa yokuwa ngelixa udlala," okanye "Kukukhula nje iintlungu." Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokuphambaniswa nezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-arthritis. Oku kunokulibazisa ukuxilongwa.

Ezi zezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wamathambo:

• Intlungu yamathambo eyanda kancinci kancinci kwaye ihlala ihleli (idla ngokuba mandundu ebusuku. Isenokuba buthuntu, ibuhlungu, okanye ihlabe).
• Iqhuma okanye ukudumba kwindawo echaphazelekayo (okunokuvakala kuqinile okanye kuthambile xa uyichukumisa).
• Ukudumba okungachazekiyo okujikeleze ithambo elichaphazelekayo.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba (ingakumbi ukuba ukudumba kukufutshane nelungu).
• Ukudinwa .
• Ifiva .

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wamathambo?

Iingcali azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela umhlaza wamathambo. Kodwa njengezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, iithumba zamathambo ziyakhula xa iiseli ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo ngenxa yeempazamo kwi-DNA yazo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zinokukhula kunye zenze inqwaba, zonakalisa izicwili eziphilileyo ezijikeleze umzimba. Ukuba azinyangwa, umhlaza wamathambo unokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Izinto ezinobungozi

Abaphandi bafumanise unxibelelwano phakathi komhlaza wamathambo kunye nezinto ezithile ezinobungozi. Nazi:

• Ukuba sele ufumene unyango lomhlaza ngaphambili : Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwe-radiation okanye amayeza athile e-chemotherapy njengonyango lweminye imhlaza, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wamathambo kwixesha elizayo unokwanda kancinci.
• Izinto ezibangela ufuzo : Ezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezizuzwe njengelifa, ezifana ne-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamathambo. Kwakhona, ukuzuza ufuzo olubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-retinoblastoma kwandisa umngcipheko.
• Izifo zamathambo ezingezizo ezomhlaza : Amaxesha amaninzi, izifo zamathambo ezingezizo ezomhlaza zinokuguquka zibe ngumhlaza. Umzekelo, ukuba uneemeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Paget disease of the bone' okanye 'multiple enchondromas', umngcipheko unokwanda kancinci.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abafumana umhlaza wamathambo abanazo naziphi na ezi zinto ziyingozi . Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Zithini iingxaki zale meko?

Umhlaza wamathambo wenza amathambo abe buthathaka. Ngamanye amaxesha, lo mhlaza unokubangela ukwaphuka kwamathambo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba 'kukwaphuka kwamathambo okugula'. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bafumana umhlaza wamathambo xa behlola ukwaphuka kwamathambo ngolu hlobo.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wamathambo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuze afumanise umhlaza wamathambo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala athathe ii-X-ray ukuze ajonge amathambo akho. Emva koko, baya kwenza iMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) kunye neComputed Tomography (CT) scans ukuze bafumane imifanekiso ecacileyo yeendawo ezijikeleze amathambo. Ezi zinto zibalulekile ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe unyango.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza i-biopsy . Oku kuthetha ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu ethanjeni lakho uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope yingcali (ingcali yezifo). I-biopsy inika ulwazi oluthile malunga nohlobo lomhlaza. Ngolu lwazi, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Uvavanyo lomhlaza wethambo

Ngokumisela inqanaba lomhlaza (`umhlaza oqhubekayo`), oogqirha banokumisela ukuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwindawo ethile okanye usasazeke emzimbeni wonke (usasazeke emzimbeni wonke). Bakwajonga ukuba kunokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba usasazeke, ukuba awukasasazeki. Indlela ezibonakala ngayo iiseli zomhlaza (`umgangatho wethumba`) inika uphawu lokuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Kukho iindlela ezimbini oogqirha abazisebenzisayo ukumisela inqanaba lomhlaza wamathambo:

1.Umbutho Weentlungu Zemisipha (`Umbutho Weentlungu Zemisipha` okanye `Inkqubo Yokujika`):

• Inqanaba loku-1 : Umhlaza awukho kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwaye awukasasazeki.
• Inqanaba lesi-2 : Umhlaza uphezulu, kodwa awukasasazeki.
• Inqanaba lesi-3 : Umhlaza usasazekile.

2. Inkqubo yeKomiti eManyeneyo yaseMelika yoMhlaza (`iKomiti eManyeneyo yaseMelika yoMhlaza - AJCC`):

• Inqanaba loku-1 : Ithumba liphantsi kwaye umhlaza awukasasazeki.
• Inqanaba lesi-2 : Umhlaza awukasasazeki, kodwa ithumba likwizinga eliphezulu.
• Inqanaba lesi-3 : Ithumba likwizinga eliphezulu, kwaye umhlaza usasazeke nakwezinye iindawo ngaphakathi kwethambo elifanayo.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 : Umhlaza usasazeke ukusuka emathanjeni ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, umzekelo, imiphunga okanye isibindi.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wamathambo?

Unyango oluphambili lomhlaza wamathambo lutyando lokususa umhlaza . Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lotyando "lutyando lokusindisa amalungu omzimba." Kolu tyando, ugqirha ususa kuphela umhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze wona, kodwa ushiya ingalo okanye umlenze wakho uphelele. Ithambo elonakeleyo linokwakhiwa kwakhona "ngee-real bone grafts" okanye "ii-artificial bone grafts."

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wotyando kunokufuneka asuse ingalo okanye umlenze wonke ('amputation') ukuze anyange umhlaza. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, uya kufakelwa ingalo okanye umlenze wokufakelwa emva kotyando. Ezi zixhobo ngoku ziphucukile kakhulu, kwaye zinokukunceda wenze imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla njengoko zazisenza ngaphambi kotyando.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zezi:

• Unyango ngemitha : Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando. Unyango ngemitha lungasetyenziswa endaweni yotyando lweminye imhlaza yamathambo.
• I-Chemotherapy : Le inikwa ukunyanga umhlaza oyintloko, umhlaza osasazekileyo (i-metastases), kunye neeseli zomhlaza ezijikeleza emzimbeni. I-Chemotherapy idla ngokunikezelwa ngaphambi kotyando ukulawula ukusasazeka komhlaza kwaye mhlawumbi ukunciphisa ithumba. I-Chemotherapy (i-chemo) enikwa emva kotyando inceda "ukucoca" naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emzimbeni kwaye ithintele umhlaza wamathambo ukuba ungabuyi.

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Iintlungu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza wamathambo zihlala ziqala ukuphela kwangoko xa unyango luqala. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye ukuchacha kuthatha ixesha.

Kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuvuselelwa kunye nonyango lomzimba ukuze uqhele ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba. Ukuba wenze utyando lokunciphisa amalungu omzimba, kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka ukuze uzive ukhululekile ngokupheleleyo ngotshintsho olwenziwe emathanjeni akho.

Ekugqibeleni, ixesha lokuchacha kwakho lixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo, kunye nokudibanisa unyango olufunekayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela into omawuyilindele, ukuze ukwazi ukugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Ngaba umhlaza wamathambo ungathintelwa?

Ekubeni iingcali zisazi ukuba yintoni ebangela umhlaza wamathambo, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuwuthintela . Kwelinye icala, unyango lwemitha, oluyenye imbangela eyaziwayo yomhlaza wamathambo, lubalulekile ekunyangeni eminye imihlaza, ngoko ke alunakuphetshwa ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga emathanjeni akho, njengeqhubu okanye intlungu eyandayo yamathambo. Ezi mpawu azisoloko zithetha umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngugqirha kuphela onokufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo wengxaki.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba ndinomhlaza wamathambo?

Unyango lomhlaza wamathambo ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo . Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza awubuyi. Kusenokuthatha utyando olungaphezulu kolunye ukuze kufezekiswe esi siphumo.

Abantu abaneentlobo zomhlaza wamathambo eziphucukileyo banokufuna ukuqhubeka nonyango, olufana nonyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy, ukuthintela ukusasazeka komhlaza. Olu nyango lunokunikwa ixesha elide ukulawula umhlaza.

Okokugqibela, imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile, ngoko ke ayinguye wonke umntu onomhlaza wamathambo oya kuba nesiphumo esifanayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza ikamva lakho ngokusekelwe kuhlobo, inqanaba, indawo yomhlaza wakho, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango.

Ingakanani izinga lokunyangwa komhlaza wamathambo?

Nangona umhlaza wamathambo unokubulala, abantu abaninzi bayachacha ngokupheleleyo . Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yomhlaza wamathambo liyi-68.2%. Oku kuthetha ukuba ama-68.2% abantu abanomhlaza wamathambo basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe. Abantu abanomhlaza wamathambo okwinqanaba lokuqala banethuba elingcono lokuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Abantu abanomhlaza wamathambo okwinqanaba eliphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba umhlaza sele usasazekile, basengozini enkulu yokuba umhlaza uphinde ubuye.

Kodwa khumbula, la mazinga okusinda asekelwe kubantu ababenomhlaza wamathambo ngaphambili. Abakuxeleli ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani okanye into omawuyilindele kwimeko yakho ethile. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga namazinga okusinda komhlaza wamathambo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unentlungu okanye ukudumba okungachazekiyo emathanjeniYenza idinga lokubonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuba umntwana wakho uneqhuma okanye ukudumba okungapheliyo, bonana nogqirha womntwana wakho. Ukuba sele unyangelwa umhlaza wamathambo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba ubonakalisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha.

Emva konyango, qiniseka ukuba uya kuzo zonke iintlanganiso zokulandelela . Kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala, unokufuna ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, kwaye emva koko uhlolo luya kuba luncinci. Ngokwenza uhlolo olufana nolu rhoqo, ungayifumana kwangethuba umhlaza ukuba ubuya, kwaye unyango lwakho luya kusebenza ngakumbi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuxilongwa kwakho kuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezilungileyo malunga nempilo yakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza wamathambo endinawo?
• Ingaba isasazekile?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinokukhetha kuzo?
• Ithini ingqikelelo yam?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza wamathambo, unokuziva usoyika, uphoxekile, kwaye ungaqinisekanga. Kakade ke, zininzi izinto ongazaziyo ezinxulumene nokuxilongwa komhlaza. Amava akho aya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza wamathambo onawo kunye nexesha ochongiweyo ngalo. Kodwa umhlaza wamathambo awusoloko ubulala okanye unganyangeki. Abantu abaninzi abachongiweyo banale sifo bafumana unyango oluphelisa umhlaza .

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela onokukhetha kuzo unyango. Kwakhona, cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Ukuthetha nabantu abadlula kwiimeko ezifanayo nawe kunokuba luncedo kwimpilo yakho yengqondo, yeemvakalelo, neyokomoya.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Umhlaza wamathambo yinto ekufuneka uyoyike kakhulu, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi kakuhle ngawo kwaye ufumane iingcebiso zonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo .

Khumbula, ayizizo zonke iintlungu zamathambo okanye amaqhuma abangela umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unenkxalabo, kulungile ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.

Ngokuhambela phambili kwezonyango zanamhlanje, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezisebenzayo zomhlaza wamathambo. Kwezinye iimeko, unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uqinile kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zoogqirha bakho. Awuwedwa, kwaye unosapho, abahlobo, kunye noogqirha abanokukunceda kolu hambo.

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