Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukufumanisa kunzima ukugxila kumsebenzi omnye? Okanye ngaba wenza into ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokucinga kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba uyenze? Mhlawumbi uhlala ungazinzi kwaye ungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye. Ukuba ezi zinto zihlala zichaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi, kunye nobudlelwane, isenokuba yimeko esithetha ngayo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yi -ADHD yabantu abadala . Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi, kodwa ayiqatshelwa kakuhle. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.
Yintoni i-ADHD yabantu abadala?
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD yabantu abadala (i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) yimeko yophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental echaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili kubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo, ukungabi namdla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukusebenza kakhulu. Oku akukuko ubuvila bakho, kwaye akusiso isiphene sobuntu bakho. Le yimeko eyaziwayo ngugqirha.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-ADHD ayisiyonto evelela ngequbuliso xa umntu emdala. Ayingabo bonke abantu abadala abane-ADHD abaye baba nale meko ukususela ebuntwaneni. Abanye bafunyanwa besebancinci, ngelixa abanye bafunyanwa besebakhulile. Ngelixa uninzi lwabantwana lukhula njengoko bekhula, malunga nama-60% abantu bayaqhubeka nokuphila nale mpawu baze babe badala. Nangona kungekho nyango lwale meko, inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye iphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Ayingabo bonke abantu abane-ADHD abafanayo. Iimpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Kwabanye abantu, ezi mpawu zinempembelelo enkulu kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, ngelixa kwabanye, zisenokungabonakali konke konke. Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa.
| Icala apho ingxaki yenzeka khona | Iimpawu ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Ingqwalasela kunye nolungiselelo | Ubunzima bokugxila kumsebenzi omnye, ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo, ukungakwazi ukukhumbula ulwazi, ukungakwazi ukuhlela umsebenzi, ukulibazisa izinto. |
| Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunye nezigqibo zokungxama | Ukungazoli rhoqo, ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye, ukuthetha kakhulu, ukuphazamisa abanye ngelixa bethetha, kunye nokungabi namonde. |
| Iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo | Ukuhlala ukruqukile, uxhalabile, uxinezeleko, ubunzima bokulawula umsindo, ukungabi naxabiso, kunye nokutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo rhoqo. |
| Ubomi bentlalo kunye nobomntu | Iingxaki zokugcina ubudlelwane, umngcipheko wokuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi okanye utywala, ukungabikho kwenkuthazo yokuqalisa umsebenzi. |
Cinga ngayo, xa unento othanda ukuyenza, ungagxila kuyo, kodwa xa kufikwa kumsebenzi odinisayo, ingqondo yakho ayihambi ndawo. Le yinto abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD abanamava ayo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-ADHD?
Ewe, i-ADHD yahlulwe yaziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili.
1. I-ADHD yokungakhathali: Eyona ngxaki iphambili kwaba bantu kukungabikho kwengqwalasela. Banobunzima bokucwangcisa imisebenzi, ukukhumbula apho izinto zikhoyo, nokulandela imiyalelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakhulu akubonakali kangako. Oku kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-ADD ( attention deficit disorder).
2. I-ADHD Esebenza Kakhulu/Engenamdla: Uphawu oluphambili lwaba bantu kukuba abaphumli kwaye benza izinto ngaphandle kokucinga. Bahlala bengaphumli, bethetha kakhulu, kwaye abanamonde.
3. I-ADHD edibeneyo: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Aba bantu baneempawu ezidibeneyo kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo zingasentla. Oko kukuthi, abanalo uqwalaselo kunye nokusebenza kakhulu.
Zithini izizathu zoku? Zithini iingcamango eziphosakeleyo?
Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-ADHD. Kodwa uphando lubonise ngokucacileyo ukuba iyenzeka kwiintsapho . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi umzali okanye umntakwenu, une-ADHD, nawe unokuba nayo.
Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba abantu abane-ADHD banomahluko othile kwisakhiwo sobuchopho kunye nomsebenzi weekhemikhali (ii-neurotransmitters) ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: I-ADHD ayisosifo esibangelwa ziimpazamo zabazali, ukutya iilekese, okanye ukubukela iTV/ifowuni kakhulu. Ezi ziingcinga eziphosakeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zinokwenza iimpawu zibe zimbi kancinci.
Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ziquka utywala, icuba, okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukwenzakala engqondweni, kunye nobunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa.
Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unayo i-ADHD?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga i-ADHD. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi okanye ngeskeni. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-ADHD, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wengqondo onamava kweli candelo.
Ugqirha wakho angenza ezi zinto:
- Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho na esinye isizathu esibangela iimpawu zakho.
- Ukubuza ngobuntwana bakho. Ngenxa yokuba i-ADHD ayiphuhli nje kuphela xa umdala, sikhangela iimpawu ezazikho ukususela ebuntwaneni.
- Ukucela ukubona ikhadi lakho lengxelo yesikolo (umz., amanqaku avela kootitshala malunga nokungabikho kwengqalelo, iingxaki zokuziphatha)
- Ukuthetha nabazali bakho nokubuza ngendlela owawuziphatha ngayo njengomntwana.
- Ukubuza ukuba kukho omnye umntu kusapho onale meko.
Ngokuhlanganisa konke oku, ugqirha uya kugqiba ekubeni unayo na i-ADHD okanye akunjalo.
Iphathwa njani?
I-ADHD ayinyangwa ngendlela enye yonyango. Ngokwesiqhelo, isicwangciso sonyango senziwa ngokudibanisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela zilandelayo: amayeza, unyango lokuziphatha, kunye neengcebiso.
Amayeza
Iindidi ezimbini zamayeza zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD.
1. Izikhuthazi: Ezi zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Umzekelo, iziyobisi ezifana ne-`Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta).` Ezi zilawula iimpawu ngokulinganisela iikhemikhali ezisebuchotsheni ezinxulumene nengqalelo kunye nolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa ezi, kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Izinto ezingakhuthaziyo: Amayeza afana ne-'Atomoxetine' awela kolu didi. La acetyiswa kubantu abangafanelekanga ukusebenzisa izinto ezivuselelayo okanye abanezinye iingxaki zempilo.
Unyango Lokuziphatha Nonyango
Ezi zinto zibaluleke njengonyango.
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Oku kukunceda utshintshe iindlela zakho zokucinga, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nendlela ojongana ngayo neengxaki. Kunokukunceda wakhe ukuzithemba.
- Ukucamngca ngengqondo: Ezi zinto zinceda ukuzola ingqondo nokwandisa ukugxila.
- Uqeqesho lobomi: Oku kukunceda uhlele imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ubeke iinjongo, kwaye uzifezekise.
- Ingcebiso yosapho: Ukunceda usapho lwakho luqonde i-ADHD kwaye lukuxhase.
Izinto onokuzenza ukuze uphile ne-ADHD
Ukongeza kunyango, zininzi izinto onokuzenza wena ukuze wenze ubomi bube lula.
- Cwangcisa usuku lwakho: Yenza uluhlu lwezinto oza kuzenza ngaphambi kokuba uqale usuku lwakho. Sebenzisa 'isicwangciso semihla ngemihla' okanye 'i-app yokukhumbuza'.
- Yahlula imisebenzi emikhulu ibe ziinxalenye ezincinci: Xa uqala ngequbuliso ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu, unokuziva unzima. Ngoko ke yahlula ibe ziinxalenye ezincinci uze uwugqibezele nganye nganye.
- Nciphisa izinto eziphazamisayo: Xa usebenza, cima izinto ezifana neTV kunye nefowuni uze ukhethe indawo ezolileyo.
- Ukuzilolonga: Nokuba ukwenza umthambo omncinci wemihla ngemihla kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-ADHD. Kukhupha amandla agqithisileyo emzimbeni wakho kwaye kuzolise ingqondo yakho.
- Cinga ngaphambi kokuba wenze izigqibo ngokungxama: Ngaphambi kokuba wenze into ngokungxama, yima uze ubale uye kwi-10. Kwixesha elifutshane, unokukwazi ukulawula loo nto.
- Ziqhelise ukuthi 'hayi': Abantu abane-ADHD ngamanye amaxesha bathatha imisebenzi engaphezulu kunaleyo banokuyenza. Ngoko ke nyaniseka ngento onokuyenza kwaye uziqhelise ukuthi 'hayi' kwinto ongenakukwazi ukuyenza.
- Zinike isipho: Xa ugqibile umsebenzi onzima, zinike isipho esincinci uze uzixabise. Oku kuya kukwenza ukhuthale ngakumbi ukwenza umsebenzi olandelayo.
- Cela uncedo: Musa ukuzama ukwenza yonke into wedwa. Xa uziva uxinezelekile, cela uncedo kumhlobo othembekileyo, ilungu losapho, okanye ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD yabantu abadala yingxaki yokwenyani yempilo. Asikuko ubuvila okanye isiphene sobuntu.
- Le meko iqala ebuntwaneni. Ayiveli yonke ngaxeshanye xa umntu emdala.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-ADHD, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo, njengogqirha wengqondo, ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
- Iimpawu zingalawulwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo esiquka amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha.
- Ngokufunda iindlela zokulawula ezifanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobanelisayo kunye ne-ADHD.











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