Xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza, sonke siyoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa umhlaza webele sisifo esinokunyangwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ukuba sinolwazi olufanelekileyo ngaso kwaye ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Nangona sixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini, sinokukhula nakumadoda kancinci kakhulu . Ngoko ke namhlanje, masibeke ecaleni uloyiko lwethu malunga noku size sifunde ngako ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni umhlaza webele?
Imizimba yethu yenziwe zizigidi zeeseli ezincinci. Ezi seli ziyakhula, zahlukane, kwaye zikhule ngokwemigaqo ethile, zize zife xa sikhula. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha lo mthetho uyawohloka, kwaye ezinye iiseli ebeleni ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo. Eli qela leeseli libizwa ngokuba yi-tumor .
Ayizizo zonke ezi thumba ezibangela umhlaza. Ezinye zizifo ezingengobungozi. Nangona kunjalo, xa ezi seli zahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo, zihlasela izicwili ezingqongileyo, zize zisasazeke ngegazi okanye ngemijelo ye-lymph ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (umz., isibindi, imiphunga, ubuchopho, amathambo), siwubiza ngokuba ngumhlaza webele. Oku kusasazeka kukwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza osasazekayo .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke izigaqa zamabele ezibangela umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubonisa ugqirha naluphi na ulusu okanye utshintsho ukuze ufumane ukuba luyintoni kanye kanye.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo? Singabonwa njani kwangethuba?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyazi kakuhle umzimba wakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela olu tshintsho.
| Uphawu | Okungakumbi malunga noku |
|---|---|
| Iqhuma elisesifubeni okanye ekhwapheni | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Lunokuba ncinci njenge-pea, okanye lube lukhulu. Lungabi buhlungu. |
| Utshintsho kwimo okanye ubungakanani besifuba | Elinye ibele likhulu ngokungaqhelekanga kunelinye, liyagoba, okanye litshintsha imo. |
| Utshintsho emathunjini | Izinto ezifana neqhubu elitshona eluswini, litshintsha imo, okanye ulusu olujikelezileyo lube bomvu okanye luxobuke . |
| Ukukhupha amanzi kwilungu lobufazi | Ukuba awukhulelwe okanye awuncancisi, ulwelo (olunegazi okanye olungenalo) luya kuphuma ngaphandle kokucinezela ingono. |
| Utshintsho lolusu lwebele | Ubomvu, ukudumba, ukufiphala/ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba, okanye ukuqina kwesikhumba. |
Ukuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha uze uhlolwe.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza webele?
"Kutheni oku kwenzeke kum?" ungazibuza. Akukho sizathu sithile somhlaza webele. Ungabangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Masizihlukanise zibe ngamacandelo amabini.
Izinto ezinobungozi esingenakuzilawula
- Ubudala: Abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 basengozini enkulu.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umama wakho, udadewenu, okanye intombi yakho ikhe yaba nomhlaza webele, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu kancinci.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Abanye abantu bazuze iinguqu zezakhi zofuzo (ezifana ne-'BRCA1' kunye ne-'BRCA2') ezonyusa umngcipheko wabo wokuba nomhlaza .
- Umjikelo wenyanga: Ukuqala ukuya exesheni ngaphambi kweminyaka eli-12 kunye nokuyeka ukuya exesheni emva kweminyaka engama-55 kuyandisa kancinci umngcipheko.
- Unyango lwe-radiation lwangaphambili: Ukuba ufumene unyango lwe-radiation kwindawo yesifuba ngenxa yesifo esithile.
Izinto ezinobungozi esinokuzitshintsha
- Ubunzima bomzimba : Ukutyeba kakhulu yinto ebangela umngcipheko, ingakumbi emva kokuya exesheni.
- Ukungazilolongi: Ukungabi nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kotywala:Ukusela utywala yonke imihla kwandisa umngcipheko.
- Ukuba nabantwana: Ukungabi nabantwana okanye ukungabi nabantwana bokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-30.
- Ukungancancisi: Ukungancancisi nako kwandisa kancinci umngcipheko.
- Unyango oluthile lweehomoni: Unyango oluthile lweehomoni zokuya exesheni lunokuthathwa ixesha elide. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani kanye kanye le nto?
Xa ubona ugqirha malunga notshintsho olusebeleni lakho, uza kuqala akuhlole aze akubuze ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho. Emva koko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezifana nezi.
1. Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso:
- I-Mammogram: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray lwamabele. Lunokuqaphela amaqhuma kunye nezinye iinguqu ezincinci.
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Uvavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukujonga ngaphakathi kwebele. Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iqhuma liqinile okanye lizele lulwelo.
- I-MRI Scan (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance): Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo.
2. Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji:
Le yindlela yodwa yokuqiniseka nge-100% ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo.
Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili (mhlawumbi usebenzisa inaliti) kwisimila esirhanelekayo uze usihlolisise phantsi kwemakroskopu. Olu vavanyo lunokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi olubalulekileyo ekucwangciseni unyango, njengokuthi ingaba iiseli zomhlaza zikhona na, ziluhlobo luni, kwaye ziziphatha njani (umz., ngaba zinovelwano kwiihomoni (`ER`, `PR` positive), okanye ngaba zineproteni eninzi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi`HER2`).
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza webele, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuyila isicwangciso sonyango esikulungeleyo. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, njengohlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wakho, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili.
1. Utyando
Le yindlela ephambili yonyango. Kukho iindlela ezimbini apha.
- Ukususwa kwethumba: Oku kuquka ukususa ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona, ukushiya ibele liphelele.
- Ukususwa kwebele: Oku kukususwa kwebele lonke ngotyando.
2. Unyango lweMisebe
Emva kotyando, imitha enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
3. Unyango ngamayeza (Unyango oluSetyenzisiweyo)
Ngenxa yokuba olu nyango luchaphazela umzimba wonke, lusetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukusasazeka komhlaza ukuba usasazekile.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza anamandla okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza anikwa njengeepilisi okanye ngenaliti emthanjeni.
- Unyango lweeHormone: Ukuba umhlaza uxhomekeke kwiihomoni (ER/PR positive), kunikwa amayeza athintela ukusebenza kwezo homoni.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: La mayeza ajolise kwaye ahlasele ubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza (umz., kwiimhlaza ezine-'HER2').
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukunika amayeza anceda inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela ukuba iqaphele kwaye ilwe neeseli zomhlaza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Hlala uqaphela umzimba wakho, ingakumbi amabele akho. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba angazivavanya njani amabele akho ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ebeleni lakho, olufana neqhuma, ukutyeba, okanye intlungu, musa ukoyika. Kodwa ungaze uyityeshele loo nto. Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Umhlaza webele sisifo esinokunyangwa ngempumelelo kwaye sinyangeke ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika ukuvavanywa.
- Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wamabele ngokwamkela imikhwa emihle yokuphila efana nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, ukuzilolonga rhoqo , kunye nokunciphisa utywala.
- Ukuba ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto kwaye ufumane iingcebiso malunga novavanyo kunye neendlela zokuthintela ezifanelekileyo kuwe.
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