Ungakanani umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele? Makhe sithethe ngale nto (Uvavanyo loMngcipheko woMhlaza webele)!

Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kubafazi abaninzi, nesisoyikisayo kancinci. Loo nto kukuvavanya umngcipheko womhlaza webele. Ungakhathazeki, oku akunakukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unomhlaza okanye awunawo. Kodwa kunokukunceda uqonde ukuba yintoni umngcipheko wakho.

Yintoni uVavanyo loMngcipheko woMhlaza webele?

Ngamafutshane, le yindlela yokujonga amathuba akho, okanye amathuba okuba nomhlaza webele ebomini bakho. Umzekelo, kwamanye amazwe, malunga nomfazi omnye kwabasibhozo uza kuba nomhlaza webele ebomini bakhe. Ngoko ke, olu vavanyo lunokukunceda ufumane umbono ocacileyo wokuba uphakathi kwabo, okanye ukuba umngcipheko wakho uphezulu okanye uphantsi kunowomntu oqhelekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, oku akuthethi ukuba "uza kufumana umhlaza" okanye "awuyi kufumana." Kubonisa nje ukuba ungakanani umngcipheko onawo xa uthelekiswa nabanye abantu abaneminyaka yakho kunye nemvelaphi yakho. Okwangoku, ezi ndlela zenzelwe abafazi. Azisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele kumadoda.

Zisebenza njani ezi ndlela zovavanyo lomngcipheko?

Okwangoku kukho iindlela zovavanyo lomngcipheko ezimalunga namashumi amabini anesine. Uninzi lwazo lufumaneka njengemibuzo ekwi-intanethi. Ungayiphendula le mibuzo ngemizuzu elishumi nje kuphela. Ngokusekelwe kwiimpendulo zakho, amanqaku abalwa ngokusekwe kwizinto zakho zomngcipheko . Into yomngcipheko yinto eyonyusa amathuba akho okufumana isifo, ingakumbi umhlaza webele, ngeli xesha.

Ngoko ke zeziphi ezi zinto ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko?

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele.

• Ubudala: Umngcipheko womhlaza webele uyanda kancinci kancinci njengoko iminyaka ikhula.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza webele: Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo (isihlobo sokuqala), njengomama wakho, udadewenu, okanye intombi yakho, liye laba nomhlaza webele, okanye ukuba amalungu amaninzi osapho ebenawo, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.
• Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo: Abanye abantu banokuba notshintsho oluthile kwizakhi zofuzo zabo. Ngokukodwa, utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo `(BRCA1)` kunye `(BRCA2)` luyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza webele.
• Uhlanga/uhlanga: Amanye amaqela eentlanga asengozini enkulu. Umzekelo, abantu abazalwa ngamaJuda angama-Ashkenazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba notshintsho kwi-genes ye-`(BRCA1)` okanye ye-`(BRCA2)`, nto leyo ethetha ukuba basengozini enkulu yomhlaza webele.
• Uxinano lwamabele: Abanye abafazi banezicubu ezinamaqhina amaninzi kunye nezicubu zamadlala emabeleni abo, kunye nezicubu ezinamanqatha amancinci. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ngamabele axineneyo.Abantu abanayo basengozini enkulu kunabo banezicubu ezinamafutha amaninzi.
• Ii-biopsy zebele zangaphambili: Ukuba ukhe wayenza i-biopsy yebele ngaphambili kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli, njenge -hyperplasia engaqhelekanga , umngcipheko wakho uphezulu.
• Ukuvezwa kwamahomoni: Ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu eehomoni i-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide kwandisa umngcipheko wakho. Oku kunokubangelwa ziihomoni eziveliswa ngumzimba wakho ngokwendalo (ezinxulumene nokuya exesheni), okanye kunokubangelwa ngamayeza athile owathathayo. Umzekelo, ezinye iipilisi zokulawula ukuzala kunye nonyango lokutshintshwa kwamahomoni (HRT) nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho.
• Ubudala ngexesha lokuya exesheni: Ukuba uqale ukufikisa usemncinci kakhulu (ukuya exesheni) , oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho sele ufumene iihomoni ixesha elide. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wakho.
• Ubudala ngexesha lokuya exesheni: Kwakhona, ukuba ukuya exesheni kwakho, okanye ukuya exesheni , kwenzeke emva kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, umngcipheko wakho uyanda ngenxa yokuba uchitha ixesha elide ufikelela kwiihomoni.
• Imbali yokuzala: Abafazi abangazange babe nabantwana basengozini enkulu kunabo baye baba nabantwana. Oku kungenxa yokuba banemijikelo emininzi yokuya exesheni kwaye bavezwa kwiihomoni ixesha elide. Kwakhona, ukuba ukhe waba nomntwana, ingakumbi ukuba ube nomntwana wakho wokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala , umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele uphantsi. Okukhona unabantwana abaninzi, kokukhona umngcipheko uphantsi kumntwana ngamnye.

Kodwa khumbula, ayizizo zonke ezi zinto zinobungozi ezibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Umzekelo, nangona umngcipheko unyuka kancinci xa ukhula, umntu onotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo "(BRCA1)" unokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu ngama-60% wokuba nomhlaza webele. Nokuba enye yezi zinto inokukubeka kuluhlu olunengozi ephezulu .

Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya umngcipheko zijonga ezi zinto ngokwahlukileyo kwaye zinika ubunzima obahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ziziphi iimodeli zovavanyo lomngcipheko ezisetyenziswa kakhulu?

Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo, siza kuthetha ngezinye eziphambili.

1. Imodeli kaGail (imodeli kaGail - BCRAT)

Le yeyona ndlela idumileyo. Yenye yeemvavanyo zeNational Cancer Institute (National Cancer Institute). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi (BCRAT) . Yaqalwa ukuqaliswa ngo-1989. Ijonga umngcipheko wokufumana umhlaza webele ohlaselayo kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-90 ubudala. Ingenziwa malunga nemizuzu emihlanu.

Imibuzo ebuzwa apha yile:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Uhlanga/uhlanga lwakho.
• Imbali yokuba nabantwana.
• Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy yamabele lwangaphambili.
• Ubudala ekuqaleni kokuya exesheni.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza webele.

Ukuba umngcipheko wakho weminyaka emihlanu yi-1.67% okanye ngaphezulu, uthathwa njengo "mngcipheko ophezulu." Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza afana ne-tamoxifen kunye ne-raloxifene ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho womhlaza. Kodwa le ndlela ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umntu. Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza webele ngaphambili, okanye ukuba uyazi ukuba une-genetic change eyandisa umngcipheko wakho, le ndlela ayithembekanga kangako.

2. Imodeli ye-IBIS (IBIS - imodeli yeTyrer-Cuzik)

Le ndlela ijonga amathuba okuba nomhlaza kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo okanye ubomi bonke.

Izinto ozivayo kule:

• Ubudala, uhlanga/uhlanga.
• Uxinano lwamabele.
• Imbali yokuba nabantwana.
• Isalathisi soBunzima boMzimba (i-BMI).
• Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy yamabele lwangaphambili.
• Imbali yomhlaza wesibeleko.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza webele.
• Ubudala bokuqala nokuma kwexesha lokuya exesheni.
• Ukusetyenziswa konyango lokutshintshwa kwamahomoni (HRT).
• Ulwazi lokuba kukho na utshintsho lwe-gene `(BRCA1)` okanye `(BRCA2)`.

Njengomzekelo weGale, oku akusebenzi kubantu abakhe baba nomhlaza webele ngaphambili. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amabele kangaphi okanye ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwemfuza lwe-BRCA.

3. Isibali soMngcipheko se-BCSC (Isibali soMngcipheko se-Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium)

Oku kujongwa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza webele ohlaselayo kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo okanye umhlaza webele osasazekayo kwiminyaka emithandathu ezayo. Umhlaza 'osasazekayo' ngumhlaza oqala ebeleni uze usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Imibuzo ebuzwa apha iyafana neyangaphambili. Ubudala, uhlanga, uxinano lwamabele, inani labantwana, i-BMI, iziphumo ze-biopsy zangaphambili, imbali yomhlaza (yomntu nosapho), ubudala bokuyeka ukuya exesheni, ukusetyenziswa kwe-HRT, njl. Ezi ziphumo zinokukunceda ugqibe ukuba kufuneka wenze kangaphi ii-mammogram.

4. I-BRCAPRO

Le ndlela ijonga ikakhulu amathuba okuba unotshintsho lwe-gene lwe-`(BRCA1)` okanye `(BRCA2)`.

Oku kuza kubuza imibuzo malunga nembali yosapho lwakho yomhlaza webele okanye wesibeleko. Oku kuthetha ukuba:

• Ubudala babo xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba umhlaza ukhona.
• Ubudala babo bangoku (okanye ubudala babo ekufeni).
• Uhlanga/uhlanga (ingakumbi imvelaphi yamaJuda aseAshkenazi).
• Iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza olunxulumene nomhlaza (ezifana `(BRCA1, BRCA2)`).
• Nokuba ukhe wenza utyando olunxulumene nomhlaza (`(mastectomy)` - ukususwa kwamabele, `(oophorectomy)` - ukususwa kwesibeleko).

Ezi ziphumo zingakuxelela ukuba kulungile na ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwemfuza.

5. I-BOADICEA (isixhobo seCanRisk)

Oku, njenge-BRCAPRO, kusekelwe kwimbali yosapho kunye nolwazi lwemfuza. Kujongwa umngcipheko womhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko. Kukho isixhobo esikwi-intanethi esibizwa ngokuba yiCanRisk. Sikwabuza malunga nobudala, i-BMI, ubuninzi bamabele, ukuzala, ukusetyenziswa kweepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa, ubudala bokuya exesheni, imbali yomhlaza wosapho, kunye nolwazi lotshintsho lwemfuza. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lwemfuza luyimfuneko na kunye nokuba ishedyuli yovavanyo kufuneka ibe yintoni.

6. Isibali-manani soMngcipheko woMhlaza weBele se-BWHS (Isibali-manani soMngcipheko woMhlaza weBele soFundo lwezeMpilo yaBasetyhini abaNtsundu)

Oku kwenzelwe ngokukodwa abafazi abamnyama, kuba uhlanga kunye nohlanga zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekumiseleni umngcipheko womhlaza webele. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela uhlanga/uhlanga lwakho oluchaphazela ngayo amanqaku akho omngcipheko xa ufumanisa umngcipheko wakho. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, oku kukwabuza ngezinto ezifana nobudala, i-BMI, ukuzala, imbali ye-biopsy, iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa, ubudala bokuya exesheni, imbali yosapho, kunye nokuba ususiwe na ama-ovari akho.

Ugqirha uzisebenzisa njani ezi ziphumo?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxhalabile ukuba uthatha uvavanyo olufana nolu kwi-intanethi uze ubone ukuba "usengozini enkulu." Kodwa musa ukwenza izigqibo ngokusekelwe kwezo ziphumo. Le yinto ekufuneka uyixoxe nogqirha wakho. Ezi ziphumo ziya kunceda ugqirha wakho acebe indlela yokujonga impilo yebele lakho, ukuchonga iimpawu kwangethuba, kunye nokuqala unyango.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo, ugqirha wakho angenza oku kulandelayo:

• Usenokucelwa ukuba uhlolwe umhlaza webele (umz., ii-mammogram) kwangethuba kwaye rhoqo kunesiqhelo.
• Ingcebiso ngezofuzo inokukunceda ufumanise ukuba ngaba une-genetic mutation eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Ukuba sele uyazi ukuba unayo, inokukunceda uqonde indlela enokuyichaphazela ngayo impilo yakho kunye nosapho lwakho (umzekelo, ithuba lokuba umntwana aza kuzuza i-gene).
• Amayeza anjenge-tamoxifen kunye ne-raloxifene anokunikwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza webele.
• Ukuba umngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu, kunokucetyiswa ukuba kususwe ibele ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza uqalise. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Zithembeke kangakanani ezi vavanyo zomngcipheko?

Ukuthembeka kwezi ndlela zovavanyo kuxhomekeke kwiiseti zedatha ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuzenza. Ezi ndlela ziqokelela ulwazi kubantu abaye baba nomhlaza kwaye zithelekise izinto ezinobungozi kunye nezinto ezinobungozi zomntu owenza uvavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, idatha yoluntu ayinakuba ne-100% echanekileyo ekuxeleni kwangaphambili impilo yomntu. Nokuba zingaphi izinto ezinobungozi ezifanayo, akukho bantu babini abafana ncamashi.

Nazi ezinye zeengxaki:

• Umahluko kwidatha ngokohlanga/uhlanga:Ngokuxhomekeke kwidatha yabantu esetyenzisiweyo ukwenza uqikelelo, iziphumo zisenokungabi namsebenzi kangako kuwe. Umzekelo, idatha yomhlaza webele ibisoloko iqokelelwa rhoqo kubantu abamhlophe abangengabo amaHispanic. Nangona idatha ngoku iqokelelwa kwezinye iintlanga, ayizizo zonke uqikelelo ezijongana nale mahluko ngokulinganayo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza: Uninzi lovavanyo lujonga umngcipheko womhlaza oqatha nosasazekileyo kubantu abangekabi nomhlaza. Alubalisi ibali labantu abasele benomhlaza.
• Izinto ezinobungozi ezingaphelelanga: Akukho ndlela inye yokuhlola eqwalasela zonke izinto ezinobungozi kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele. Iindlela ezininzi zokuhlola zangoku zigxila kwizinto ezinobungozi kwimfuza okanye kwizinto ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nembali yakho yempilo. Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ube neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela zokuvavanya umngcipheko womhlaza webele zisasetyenziswa ngoogqirha kuba zilungile ngokwaneleyo ukunika uqikelelo oluqikelelweyo lomngcipheko womntu. Abaphandi bafuna iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kwazo ngakumbi.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene izimvo ezithile koko sithethe ngako.

Uvavanyo lomngcipheko womhlaza webele alunakukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza na. Nangona kunjalo, lunokunceda ugqirha wakho aqonde ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho.

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza webele kubalulekile kuye wonke umntu. Uvavanyo lomngcipheko sisixhobo esongezelelweyo ugqirha anokusisebenzisa ukujonga impilo yebele lakho. Olu vavanyo lunokukuthumela kuvavanyo lwemfuza lwejini ye-BRCA. Kusenokufuneka wenze uvavanyo oluthe rhoqo. Ekugqibeleni, konke oku kunceda ugqirha wakho afumane umhlaza kwangethuba, xa unokunyangeka. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngawo, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo.

Umhlaza webele, umngcipheko womhlaza, impilo yabasetyhini, uvavanyo lwemfuza, i-mammogram, iihomoni, uVavanyo loMngcipheko woMhlaza webele