Ingaba umntwana wakho wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha? Ngaba unengxaki yemiphunga? Makhe sithethe ngeBronchopulmonary Dysplasia!

Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla kuba wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha ? Okanye ngaba ugqirha ukuxelele ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiBronchopulmonary Dysplasia? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxhalabile ngamaxesha anje. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangendlela onokuyiqonda. Kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wena nomntwana wakho nibe nolwazi olufanelekileyo ngale meko.

Ngoko ke yintoni iBronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?

Ngamafutshane, `(Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia)` sisifo semiphunga esinokwenzeka kwiintsana ezisandula kuzalwa . Ngoku khangela, xa umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, imiphunga yomntwana ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Kufana neendonga zendlu esandula ukwakhiwa zisakhiwa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abo bantwana banengxaki yokuphefumla ngokwabo. Emva koko kufuneka banikwe ioksijini (`Oxygen Therapy`) okanye baqhagamshelwe kumatshini wokuphefumla (`Ventilator`) ukuze ubancede baphefumle .

Nangona olu nyango lubalulekile ekusindiseni ubomi bomntwana, ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ukuba iingxowa zomoya ezincinci (i-alveoli) ezikwimiphunga yomntwana zikhule ngokungeyomfuneko. Cinga ngento eyenzekayo ukuba ibhaluni encinci ifunxwe kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kungonakalisa izicubu zemiphunga yomntwana kunye neetyhubhu ezithambileyo kwimibhobho yomoya (i-bronchi). Lo monakalo kwezi zicubu ubizwa ngokuba yi-"Dysplasia".

Khumbula, umngcipheko wokufumana le meko uyanda ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umntwana wakho ukhulelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kangakanani . Ezinye iintsana zinochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko, kodwa uninzi luyaphola kancinci kancinci . Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zinokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla ubomi bazo bonke kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko? Siyibona njani?

Iimpawu zingahluka kumntwana ngamnye oneBronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ekufuneka uzazi:

• I-Cyanosis: Kumntwana onolusu olukhanyayo, ulusu kunye nemilebe zinokuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kumntwana onolusu olumnyama, unokubona umbala otyheli-ngwevu, ongwevu, okanye omhlophe kwimilebe, ulwimi, okanye iinzipho. Oku kungenxa yokuncipha komthamo weoksijini egazini.
• Uxinzelelo Lokuphefumla: Umntwana usenokubonakala enengxaki yokuphefumla. Ungabona izinto ezifana nesifuba sitsalwa ngaphakathi kunye nesisu sinyuka size siwe ngokukhawuleza.
• Amanqanaba e-oksijini egazini aphantsi: Le yinto oogqirha abayifumana kuphela ngovavanyo.
• I-Apnea: Ukuyeka ngequbuliso ukuphefumla komntwana, apho umntwana eyeka ukuphefumla imizuzwana embalwa.
• I-Tachypnea: Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunomntwana oqhelekileyo.
• Ukuphefumla: Isandi esincinci somlozi sivakala esifubeni xa uphefumla.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukwazisa ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngubani onokuthi abe ne-BPD?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iintsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwexesha zisengozini enkulu. Ngokukodwa:

• Iintsana ezizelwe zingaphezulu kweeveki ezili-10 ngaphambi kwexesha .
• Iintsana ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-900 grams (iikhilogram ezimbini) xa zizalwa.
• Iintsana ezinemiphunga engakakhuli ngokupheleleyo okanye ezineengxaki zokuphefumla ukususela ekuzalweni.

Iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-32 zokukhulelwa zihlala zisengozini encinci kakhulu yokuphuhlisa i-BPD.

Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yale `(BPD)`?

Uninzi lwabantwana luyachacha kwi-BPD xa beneminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abanale meko basengozini yokuphuhlisa ezinye iingxaki zempilo, kuquka:

• Iingxaki zokugaya ukutya kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya.
• Isifo seGastroesophageal Reflux (GERD).
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene noko.
• Iingxaki ze-Neurological.
• Iingxaki zokuva nokubona.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga.

Kwakhona, abanye abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ababene-BPD besebancinci banokuba nezinye iingxaki zemiphunga. Umzekelo:

• Isifuba
• I-Bronchitis
• I-Obstructive Sleep Apnea
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Isifo Somoya Esisabelayo
• Usulelo olunzima lwe-`(RSV - Respiratory Syncytial Virus)`.

Musa ukoyika xa usiva ezi zinto. Ayizizo zonke ezi zinto ezenzeka kusana ngalunye. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le meko (BPD)?

Ukuba umntwana wakho wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye wayefuna uncedo lokuphefumla kwiintsuku ezingama-28 zokuqala zobomi bakhe, oogqirha badla ngokukrokrela ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"BPD." Akukho vavanyo luthile lokuxilonga esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokunceda ekuxilongweni nasekulawuleni esi sifo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ukuba ingakanani ioksijini egazini lomntwana.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olufana ne-X-ray yesifuba: Jonga imeko yemiphunga yomntwana.

Oogqirha bafikelela kwisigqibo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenwe kwezi mvavanyo, kunye neempawu zomntwana kunye nembali yakhe yezonyango.

Ngaba i-BPD inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Inyaniso kukuba, okwangoku akukho nyango luchanekileyo lweBronchopulmonary Dysplasia . Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba awunathemba. Unyango lunokunceda ekunciphiseni umonakalo ongakumbi kwimiphunga kwaye luncede imiphunga yomntwana wakho ikhule kwaye iphiliswe .

Ngoko ke, yintoni unyango lwale nto?

Injongo ephambili yonyango lwe-BPD kukubaInjongo kukususa umntwana kwi-oksijini ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kwaye amvumele ukuba aphefumle yedwa. Unyango lujolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemiphunga yomntwana. Kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango koku:

• Isondlo: Ukwandisa umxholo weekhalori ekutyeni komntwana kunceda ekuphuhliseni imiphunga, njengoko ukutya okunempilo kubalulekile ekukhuleni kweeseli zemiphunga.
• I-Diuretics: La mayeza anciphisa ulwelo olugqithisileyo oluqokelelana emiphungeni nakufutshane nayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuphefumla.
• Iibronchodilators: Ezi zisebenza ngokukhulula izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zomoya, zandise iindlela zomoya, njengokuvula indlela yomoya evalekileyo.
• IiCorticosteroids: La mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba (ukudumba) ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemiphunga.
• I-Nirsevimab okanye i-Palivizumab: Ezi zi-antibody vaccines ezinikezelwa ukukhusela umntwana wakho kwiintsholongwane ezifana ne-RSV.
• Umatshini wempumlo `nCPAP` `(Uxinzelelo lomoya oluqhubekayo lwempumlo)`: Lo matshini mncinci. Utyhala umoya ungene emiphungeni ngee-prongs ezimbini ezikhethekileyo (iityhubhu ezincinci) ezifakwa empumlweni yomntwana. Oku kunceda ukugcina imiphunga ivulekile.
• Utyando lweTracheostomy: Kwiintsana ezine-BPD enzima, oogqirha banokwenza utyando lokufaka ityhubhu ngqo kwi-windpipe (trachea) ngentamo ukuze ibancede baphefumle. Oku kudla ngokuba yinto yexeshana.

Ugqirha nguye oza kumisela unyango olufanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.

Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntwana aphefumle yedwa emva konyango?

Nje ukuba unyango luqale, impilo yomntwana wakho iya kuphucuka kancinci kancinci kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo . Ngeli xesha, imiphunga yomntwana wakho iya kuqhubeka iphola kwaye ikhula. Injongo ephambili kukuba umntwana wakho akwazi ukuphefumla yedwa ngaphandle koncedo. Oku kungathatha ixesha, ngoko ke yiba nomonde.

Ngaba kufuneka ndibone ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba umntwana wam unezi mpawu?

Nokuba umntwana wakho sele esekhaya emva konyango, kukho izinto ekufuneka uzazi. Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:

• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo.
• Ukuba kukho isandi sokurhona esingaguqukiyo.
• Ukuba kunzima ukutya, ukuba uyala ukutya.
• Ukuba iimpumlo zakho ziyakhula xa uphefumla (iimpumlo ezivuthuzayo).
• Ukuba uphefumla kakhulu kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zesifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esifana nomkhuhlane, ukuthimla, kunye nokukhohlela.
• Ukuba ukuphefumla kunyukile.

Ingxamiseko! Ukuba umntwana uyeka ukuphefumla, unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ulusu okanye imilebe ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/ngwevu, mse esibhedlele ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba nomntwana one-BPD? (Ngexesha lokukhulelwa)

Ukuba ukhulelwe ngoku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlale usempilweni kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukubeletha ngaphambi kwexesha . Oku kungenxa yokuba umngcipheko we-BPD uncipha kakhulu ukuba imiphunga yomntwana inexesha elaneleyo lokukhula ngokufanelekileyo. Ungenza oku kulandelayo ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko:

• Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa icuba, iziyobisi kunye notywala.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunesondlo.
• Yiya kwiikliniki zonyango njengoko kucwangcisiwe ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo kangangoko unako.

Ukulandela ezi zinto kuya kwandisa amathuba akho okuba nomntwana osempilweni.

Ukuba umntwana wam une-BPD, ndimele ndilindele ntoni? Ndiza kumnyamekela njani xa efika ekhaya?

Nokuba umntwana wakho ebuyile esibhedlele, imiphunga yakhe isakhula. Ngoko ke isebuthathaka kakhulu kwaye isesichengeni sokwenzakala . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina umntwana wakho esempilweni kangangoko. Ukuze wenze oku, yenza oku kulandelayo:

• Gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abanezifo zomchamo, ingakumbi i-RSV.
• Fumana isitofu somkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) kuwo wonke umntu kusapho.
• Khusela umntwana wakho ngokupheleleyo kumsi wecuba kunye neminye imiphunga eyingozi (ingakumbi umsi wecuba).

Iintsana ezine-BPD zinokuba nobunzima bokutya, zinokunciphisa umzimba, kwaye zinokukhula okukhawulezileyo. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha rhoqo kwaye ujonge ukukhula komntwana . Emva koko, ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki, ingalungiswa ngokukhawuleza.

Ngenxa yokuba zizalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, iintsana ezine-BPD zinokuba nokulibaziseka okuthile kwimigangatho yazo yokukhula . Oku kuthetha ukuba zinokuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza izinto ezenziwa zezinye iintsana (umz., ukuncuma, ukubamba iintamo zazo, ukukhasa). Kodwa ungakhathazeki, iintsana ezininzi ziyazoyisa ezi zilibaziseko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango (umz., unyango lomzimba, unyango lokuthetha, unyango lomsebenzi) kwaye zikwazi ukudibana nabanye.

Nangona ezinye iimeko ezinzima ze-BPD zinokuba yingozi ebomini, uninzi lweentsana luyasinda . Njengoko zikhula kwaye zityeba, impilo yazo iyaphucuka kancinci kancinci.

Ukubona umntwana wakho esokola ukuphefumla yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ufuna ukumbamba. Kodwa endaweni yoko, umntwana uqhagamshelwe kwiimonitha kunye nezixhobo zokuphefumla. Uxhalabile kakhulu ngempilo yakhe. Usenokuba ucinga, "Owu, ukuba oku kwenzeke kum." Kodwa, ndithembe, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi abanyanga umntwana wakho benza konke okusemandleni abo ukumsa kwimeko apho anokuphefumla yedwa.Nokuba kuthatha ixesha, umntwana wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuqala ukuphefumla eyedwa, kwaye uya kukwazi ukumthatha umse ekhaya.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) sisifo semiphunga esichaphazela kakhulu abantwana abasandul’ ukubeleka .
• Oku kungenxa yemiphunga engavuthwanga kunye nomonakalo onokwenziwa ziindlela zonyango ezisindisa ubomi (ioksijini, ii-ventilators) emiphungeni.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya ubunzima bokuphefumla, ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Nangona kungekho nyango, unyango lunokunceda imiphunga ikhule kwaye iphiliswe.
• Kwanasemva kokuba umntwana wakho eze ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumkhusela kwiintsholongwane zokuphefumla, ukumgcina kude nomsi, nokumsa rhoqo kugqirha .
• Iintsana ezininzi ziyaphila kule meko kwaye ziphila ubomi obusempilweni. Ngoko ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukucamngca kakuhle nokulandela iingcebiso ezinikwa ngoogqirha .

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho. Baza kukunceda.

I- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, i-BPD, usana olungekazalwa, ingxaki yemiphunga, unyango lweoksijini, umoya ophefumlayo, ingxaki yokuphefumla, iintsana ezingekazalwa, isifo semiphunga, ingxaki yokuphefumla