Umkhuhlane ongaqhelekanga odluliselwa zizilwanyana? Masithethe ngeBrucellosis!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ubuthathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu? Nokuba amalungu akho ayaqaqamba, uzive ushushu, uyabila, kodwa ayaphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa aze abuye? Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, isenokuba sisifo esingathethi kakhulu ngaso, kodwa kufanelekile ukwazi ngaso. Esinye sezifo ezinjalo yiBrucellosis.

Yintoni iBrucellosis?

Ngamafutshane, i-brucellosis sisifo esibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiBrucella . Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, iintlungu zamalungu, kunye nokubila. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu azifiki zize ziphele ngaxeshanye, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziyafika zize zidlule ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I-Brucellosis sisifo sezilwanyana, oko kuthetha ukuba sivela kwizilwanyana . Sikwaziwa nangamanye amagama, anjenge-'undulant fever', 'Malta fever', kunye 'neMediterranean fever'.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-brucellosis?

Esi sifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-brucellosis sifumaneka kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Usengozini enkulu yokosulelwa yile ntsholongwane ye-'Brucella' ukuba:

• Umntu osebenza nezilwanyana , njengogqirha wezilwanyana.
• Ukuba usebenza kwifama yobisi okanye kwifama yobisi.
• Ukuba usebenza kwivenkile yezilarha, kwindawo yokuxhela, okanye umntu ophatha inyama eluhlaza.
• Ukuba ungumzingeli okanye ulungisa inyama yezilwanyana ezizingelwayo.
• Ukuba usebenza kwilabhoratri evavanya iintsholongwane ze-'Brucella'.
• Ukuba utya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle okanye usebenzisa iimveliso zobisi ezingagayiwanga (umz. ubisi, itshizi, iyogathi).

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku?

Ukuba ujonga kwihlabathi liphela, malunga ne-500,000 yamatyala e-brucellosis axelwa minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe afana neMelika, oku kuncinci kancinci, malunga ne-100-200 kuphela yamatyala axelwa minyaka le. Nangona kungekho zibalo zichanekileyo zokuba kwenzeka njani kwilizwe lethu, le ngozi inokubakho phakathi kwabo bajongana nezilwanyana.

Yintoni eyenziwa yi-brucellosis ebantwini?

Cinga nje, le ntsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Brucella' inobuqili kakhulu. Ingena emzimbeni wakho ngomlomo , empumlweni, emehlweni, okanye nakwinxeba elincinci eluswini lwakho . Emva koko, iya kwi-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye izicubu kwaye iqale ukwanda kancinci. Ukusuka apho, le ntsholongwane inokusasazeka phantse kuyo nayiphi na indawo yomzimba wakho. Ingaya nakwiindawo ezifana nentliziyo yakho, isibindi, ingqondo kunye namathambo , apho inokudumba kwaye iqale ukonakala.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Kungathatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine, okanye nangaphezulu, ukuba iimpawu zibonakale emva kokuba udibene nebhaktiriya yeBrucella.Ezi mpawu zinokufika zize ziphele kangangeenyanga, kwaneminyaka. Nazi ezi zinto:

• Ifiva.
• Ukubila (ngamanye amaxesha kunokunuka njengesikhunta).
• Iintlungu zamalungu, ingakumbi ezinqeni zakho, emadolweni, okanye emqolo ongezantsi.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Intlungu zesisu.
• Ukuziva ngathi uphelelwe ngumdla wokutya okanye isisu esibuhlungu.
• Iimeko zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba.
• Amaqhuqhuva e-lymph ayakhula aze abe buhlungu.
• Imvakalelo eqhelekileyo yokungonwabi kunye nokungahambi kakuhle.

Yintoni isizathu soku?

I-Brucellosis ibangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhaktiriya ethi `Brucella`. Ezona ziphambili yi `B. abortus`, `B. canis`, `B. melitensis` (uhlobo oluchaphazela kakhulu abantu) kunye ne `B. suis`. Izilwanyana zithwala le bhaktiriya ethi `Brucella`. Oko kuthetha ukuba ezi zilwanyana zithwala le bhaktiriya. Masibone ukuba ngoobani ezo zilwanyana:

• Iinkomo
• Iibhokhwe
• Iihagu
• Inyamakazi
• IiMoose, iiElk - Nangona ezi zilwanyana zingekho eSri Lanka, zifumaneka kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
• Igusha
• Izinja - Ewe, izinja nazo zinokusasaza esi sifo, ingakumbi uhlobo lwe-'B. canis'.
• Iikamela

Idluliselwa njani i-brucellosis?

I-Brucellosis isasazeka ngokudibana nezilwanyana ezinesi sifo okanye ngeemveliso zobisi ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane . Zininzi iindlela onokusifumana ngazo esi sifo:

• Ngokusela ubisi olungacocwanga (oluluhlaza) okanye ngokutya iimveliso zobisi ezingacocwanga ezifana netshizi kunye ne-ayisikhrim. Ubisi oluvela kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane lunokuba nale ntsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, iintsholongwane zitshatyalaliswa yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pasteurization. Ke ngoko, nokuba isilwanyana sine-brucellosis, kukhuselekile ukusela ubisi lwebhokhwe, lwenkomo, lwegusha, okanye lwekamela olucocwanga.
• Ngokuchukumisa izicwili okanye ulwelo lomzimba lwesilwanyana esinesifo. Ibhaktheriya yeBrucella inokungena emzimbeni wakho ngokukrwela okuncinci okanye ukusikwa eluswini lwakho, okanye ngamehlo akho, impumlo, okanye umlomo.
• Ngokuphefumla intsholongwane yeBrucella. Ungaphefumla amasuntswana eBrucella akhutshelwe emoyeni avela kwizicwili ezivezwe okanye egazini lesilwanyana esosulelekileyo. Le ngozi iphezulu ukuba usebenza neBrucella elabhoratri, ulungisa inyama yezilwanyana zasendle, usebenza efama, kwindawo yokuxhela, okanye kwisityalo sokupakisha inyama.
• Ngokutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle.

Ukudluliselwa kwe-brucellosis ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye umntu kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kukho iimeko ezininzi ezixeliweyo:

• Ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana osesiswini.
• Ngokuncancisa.
• Ukusuka kwisondo (kodwa oku kunqabile kakhulu).

Ingaba esi sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI)?

Hayi, i-brucellosis ayithathwa njengesifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Zimbalwa kakhulu iimeko ezixeliweyo ze-brucellosis esasazeka ngokunxibelelana ngesondo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto?

Ugqirha uxilonga i-brucellosis ngokubuza ngeempawu zakho aze emva koko avavanye igazi lakho, izicwili, okanye ezinye iisampulu ukuze abone iimpawu zebhaktheriya yeBrucella. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-brucellosis zifana nezezinye izifo, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo ukuze aqinisekise ukuba azikho ezinye izifo.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba usulelo lweBrucella lukhona kukucoca iintsholongwane ezivela kulwelo lomzimba okanye kwizicubu zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, iBrucella yintsholongwane ekhula kancinci, ngoko ke kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo. Kusenokufuneka ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olungaphezulu kwesinye kwiiveki ezininzi ukujonga iimpawu zeBrucella.

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluqhutywayo?

Ugqirha wakho angenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo ukuze afumanise ukuba unayo na i-brucellosis:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ugqirha uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi kumthambo osengalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti. Ilebhu iza kujonga iimpawu zebhaktheriya yeBrucella (ii-antibodies, ii-antigens, okanye i-DNA) kule sampuli yegazi, okanye inokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha (i-culture).
• Ukuvavanya ezinye iincindi zomzimba: Iisampulu zolwelo oluvela kulwelo lomqolo, ulwelo lwamalungu, okanye ezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho zinokuthathwa ukuze kufunyanwe kwaye kukhule iBrucella.
• I-biopsy yezicubu: Isampuli yomongo wakho wethambo okanye ezinye izicwili ingathathwa ukuze kukhangelwe iimpawu zeBrucella kwaye ikhule.
• Ukufota: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiindawo zomzimba wakho ezichaphazelekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nee-X-ray, ii-CT scans, ii-MRIs, ii-bone scans, ii-ultrasounds, okanye ii-echocardiograms. Ezi zithombe zithatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba wakho ukuze zibone ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho emathanjeni okanye kwizitho zakho zomzimba.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Ugqirha wakho uza kunyanga i-brucellosis ngokudibanisa ubuncinane iintlobo ezimbini zee-antibiotics . Kuya kufuneka uthathe la mayeza ubuncinane iiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, kunokufuneka nezinye iindlela zonyango (umzekelo, zokukhupha ubovu kwiindawo ezineentsholongwane okanye ukulawula iingxaki) nazo.

Ngawaphi amayeza asetyenziswayo kwi-brucellosis?

Ii-antibiotics ezinikwa ngoogqirha ukunyanga i-brucellosis zezi:

• `(Streptomycin)` okanye `(Gentamicin)`
• `(Rifampin)`
• `( I-Doxycycline ( I-Doxycycline) ) `
• `(I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - TMP/SMX)`
• `(Ciprofloxacin)`

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha la mayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ewamisele, ngokwemilinganiselo echanekileyo, ixesha lonke lonyango. Kungenjalo, isifo sinokuphinda sibuye.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu?

Ngelixa usela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselweyo ukuze ubulale iintsholongwane, unokulawula ezinye zeempawu ze-brucellosis, ezinje ngeentlungu zamalungu kunye nomkhuhlane, ekhaya. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kukho na amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara (OTC) okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango onokuzisebenzisa kwiimpawu zakho kwaye nokuba zikhuselekile na kuwe.

Oku kungathintelwa njani?

Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-brucellosis ngokulandela iindlela zokhuseleko lokutya kunye nokunxiba impahla yokuzikhusela xa usebenza nezilwanyana. Umzekelo:

• Musa ukusela ubisi olungagayiwanga, kwaye musa ukutya ukutya okwenziwe ngobisi olungagayiwanga.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo xa usebenza ngezilwanyana kunye nezicubu zezilwanyana. Oku kungabandakanya iiglavu, i-apron, okanye iiglasi zokhuseleko. Abantu abasebenza kwiindawo zokuthengisa inyama, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abazingeli, abalimi, abasebenzi bezilarha, kunye nabasebenzi belabhoratri yezonyango kufuneka balumke kakhulu.
• Pheka inyama kumaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo. Kwakhona, hlamba izandla zakho, izitya, kwaye unqumle iibhodi kakuhle emva kokulungisa ukutya. Inyama yezilwanyana ingaba nebhaktiriya yeBrucella.

Khumbula, nakwilizwe lethu, abanye abantu basemaphandleni basela ubisi abalugalele emakhaya ngaphandle kokulufudumeza. Akulunganga oko konke konke. Kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa ubisi olufudunyezwe kakuhle okanye olufakwe iintsholongwane.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana i-brucellosis? (Ingxelo yokuxela kwangaphambili)

Uninzi lwabantu abane-brucellosis bayaphila ngokupheleleyo ngonyango lwee-antibiotic. Kodwa kungathatha ixesha. Kusenokufuneka uthathe ii-antibiotics kangangeeveki, okanye iinyanga, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iintsholongwane emzimbeni wakho azisekho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-brucellosis inokubuya emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba awuzithathi ii-antibiotics njengoko kumiselweyo. Ezinye iimpawu, ezifana ne-arthritis, zisenokuqhubeka emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Ukuba i-brucellosis ibangela iingxaki, unokufuna amayeza okanye unyango olongezelelweyo.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yoku?

I-Brucellosis inokuba neengxaki ezininzi ukuba ayinyangwa ixesha elide. Ezi ngxaki ziquka:

• Isifo samathambo esiqhubekayo.
• Isibindi esikhulu (iHepatomegaly) okanye ipleen ekhulisiweyo (iSplenomegaly).
• Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -`(Chronic Hepatosplenic Suppurative Brucellosis - CHSB) . Kulapho kuvela khona amathumba (iingxowa zobovu) kwipleyini yakho nakwisibindi. Oku kunokwenzeka emva kweminyaka emininzi usulelo lwe-`Brucella`.
• Iintsholongwane kunye nokudumba kwentliziyo yakho `(Endocarditis)` , iintsholongwane zengqondo okanye izigqubuthelo zengqondo `(Encephalitis okanye Meningitis)` , iintsholongwane zomqolo `(Spondylitis)` , iintsholongwane zamathambo `(Osteomyelitis)` okanye iintsholongwane zomqolo ongezantsi `(Sacroiliitis)` .
• I-epididymo-orchitis kukudumba kwamasende kunye ne-vas deferens kumadoda.
• Ukuphuma kwesisu.

Ngaba iBrucella ebantwini inganyangwa?

Ewe, usulelo lweBrucella ebantwini lunokunyangeka ngee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingxaki zinokubangela umonakalo ohlala ixesha elide.

Ngaba i-brucellosis ingabangela ukufa?

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba umntu afe ngenxa ye-brucellosis. Izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-brucellosis liphakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% kuphela yazo zonke iimeko.

Ndingazinyamekela njani njengomntu one-brucellosis?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba une-brucellosis, nokuba uzive uphilile, thatha onke amayeza njengoko kuyalelwe kwaye uphile ixesha elide. Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza, i-brucellosis ingabuya. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-brucellosis, ingakumbi ukuba umsebenzi wakho okanye izinto ozithandayo zikubeka emngciphekweni wokosulelwa lolu sulelo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit / 39.4 Celsius).
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu.
• Ukudideka okanye olunye utshintsho lwengqondo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, kungcono ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Unyango luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Ndingawathatha njani amayeza?
• Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu zam ekhaya?
• Ndiza kulandela nini kwakhona?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndiye kwi-ER ukuze ndizibone?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Brucellosis lusulelo lwebhaktheriya oluqala kancinci kakhulu, luhlale ixesha elide, kwaye aluqhelekanga kangako. Iimpawu zalo ziyafana nezinye izifo ezininzi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango. I-Brucellosis ayidla ngokuba yingxaki enkulu. Kodwa inokuchaphazela amathambo akho kunye nezitho zangaphakathi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwiimpawu zakho. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba ukhathazekile ngento osele unayo, ungathandabuzi ukuqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.

I- Brucellosis, izifo zezilwanyana, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, umkhuhlane, iintlungu zamalungu, ubisi olungafakwanga iintsholongwane