Igama elithi "umhlaza" linokusenza sonke sibe noloyiko olukhulu. Kodwa ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ngoku kukho unyango olunamandla kakhulu lokulwa nesi sifo. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-chemotherapy, eyindlela yokunika amayeza atshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zomhlaza. Kwakhona, unyango olutsha oluthethwa kakhulu ngalo ngoku yi-immunotherapy. Oku kubandakanya ukuvuselela inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba nokwenza ukuba ilwe nomhlaza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukufumana iziphumo ezifunekayo ngonyango olunye kuphela. Yiyo loo nto ingcamango "yoNcedo oluDibeneyo" esithetha ngayo namhlanje ifika phambili.
Kutheni le nto kufuneka kudityaniswe olu nyango?
Ngamafutshane, iqela lamajoni anezakhono ezahlukeneyo linamathuba amaninzi okuphumelela kuneqhawe elinye elilwa lodwa. Kunjalo nakunyango lomhlaza. Xa unyango olunye okanye ngaphezulu lusetyenziswa kunye, amathuba okulawula umhlaza, ukuwuphilisa ngokupheleleyo, okanye ukwandisa ubomi bomguli ayanda.
Olu nyango ludibeneyo lubaluleke kakhulu kwimihlaza enzima okanye ephucukileyo, efana nomhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-skin melanoma.
Zithini izinto eziphambili ezilindelweyo xa zidityaniswe ezi ndlela zonyango?
- Ukuqinisa umlo wamajoni ethu omzimba nxamnye nomhlaza: Ezinye iindlela zonyango zinceda amajoni omzimba ukuba azibone ngokulula iiseli zomhlaza.
- Ukuphazamisa amandla eeseli zomhlaza "okuzimela" kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Iiseli zomhlaza ziiseli ezinobuqhetseba kakhulu. Zisebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukeneyo ukuphepha inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Unyango oludibeneyo lunokuphazamisa la maqhinga.
- Ukunciphisa inani leeseli zomhlaza okanye ubungakanani bethumba: Xa unyango olunye lunciphisa ithumba, kuba lula ukuba olunye unyango lutshabalalise iiseli eziseleyo.
Iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa rhoqo
Oogqirha badibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.
1. Udidi olukhethekileyo lwe-immunotherapy olubizwa ngokuba yi-Checkpoint Inhibitors
Olu lunyango olunomdla kakhulu. Cinga ngenkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Ezi seli zomkhosi (ii-T-cells) zinokubona kwaye zihlasele iiseli zotshaba. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iiseli zomhlaza ziyayicima "indawo zokujonga" kwezi seli zomkhosi zize zidlale iqhinga, zisithi, "Ndingomnye wenu, musani ukundihlasela."
Oko kwenziwa ngamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-'Checkpoint Inhibitors' kukuguqula iswitshi esele ivaliwe ziiseli zomhlaza. Emva koko inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokwazi ukubona iiseli zomhlaza ize iqale ukuzihlasela.
Ngaphezulu kwama-75% ophando lwe-immunotherapy namhlanje ludibanisa ezi zithinteli zokujonga kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango. Le ndlela inceda ekunciphiseni iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, inika iziphumo zexesha elide kunye nemiphumo emibi embalwa.
Umzekelo, indibaniselwano yamayeza amabini okuthintela isifo somhlaza, i-ipilimumab kunye ne-nivolumab, isetyenzisiwe ngempumelelo iminyaka emininzi ukunyanga i-melanoma enamandla esasazeke engqondweni.
Le khompawundi ngoku ivunyiwe kwizintso, amathumbu amakhulu, isibindi, imiphunga, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
2. Ukudibanisa i-Immunotherapy kunye ne-Chemotherapy
Le yindlela ebonakalise iziphumo eziphumeleleyo kakhulu. Nangona i-chemotherapy itshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, i-immunotherapy inceda inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ifumane kwaye itshabalalise iiseli eziseleyo.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Inzuzo yonyango oludibeneyo |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza webele | Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele kunzima ukuzibona inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kodwa ukudibanisa i-immunotherapy kunye ne-chemotherapy (umz., i-Taxol) kubonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu. |
| Umhlaza wePancreatic | Ukudibanisa amayeza e-immunotherapy afana ne-nivolumab kunye ne-chemotherapy kuye kwavelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zomhlaza we-pancreatic osasazeke emzimbeni wonke. |
| Umhlaza Wegazi | Unyango olufana nonyango lwe-CAR T-cell luphumelela kakhulu kumhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia. Ukongeza, ukudibanisa amayeza okuthintela umhlaza kunye ne-chemotherapy kuphantse kwaphinda kabini izinga lempumelelo lezigulane ezingasabelanga kunyango. |
| Umhlaza woMlomo | Kwimihlaza ephinda ivele emva kwechemotherapy kunye ne-radiation, ukongezwa kwe-immunotherapy kuye kwandisa kakhulu ukusinda kwezigulane. |
3. Ukudibanisa i-Immunotherapy kunye ne-Targeted Therapy
`Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo` yindlela eyahlukileyo kuneyekhemotherapi. Ikhemotherapi inokuchaphazela zonke iiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza (iiseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli eziphilileyo). Nangona kunjalo, i-`Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo` ihlasela kwaye ihlasele isiphene esithile semfuza okanye seproteni esibangela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhule.
Ukudibanisa le ndlela kunye ne-immunotherapy ngoku kubonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo. Umzekelo, ezi ndlela zonyango ezidibeneyo ngoku ziyavunywa kumhlaza wezintso kunye nomhlaza we-endometrial.
4. Utyando olusebenzisa i-Immunotherapy
Le yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Ngaphambi kotyando: I-immunotherapy inokunciphisa ubungakanani bomhlaza, yenze utyando lube lula kwaye inciphise inani lezicubu eziza kususwa.
- Emva kotyando: I-immunotherapy inokunceda inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza ezincinci kakhulu (ii-micrometastases) ezisenokungabonakali emehlweni emva kotyando. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza uphinde ubuye.
Le ndlela ibonakalise iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu kumhlaza wobuchopho, wemiphunga, webele, wamathumbu amakhulu, nowomlomo.
5. Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy olusebenzisa unyango lwemisebe
Unyango ngemitha lunciphisa iithumba. Abaphandi bakwakholelwa ukuba imiqondiso ekhutshwa ziiseli zomhlaza ezikhanyiswayo yenza kube lula ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ikwazi ukubona umhlaza. Ke ngoko, uphando lusaqhubeka ukuze kubonwe ukuba ukudibanisa i-immunotherapy kunye nonyango ngemitha kunokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza konyango.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unomhlaza, kubalulekile ukuba nengxoxo evulekileyo nepheleleyo nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena, nokuba unyango oludibeneyo luyafuneka na, kunye nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Ulwazi olukwi-Intanethi lulungiselelwe ulwazi kuphela kwaye alufanele luthathwe njengoluthatha indawo yeengcebiso zonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango oluxutyiweyo ludla ngokunika iziphumo ezingcono kunonyango olunye lomhlaza.
- Izicwangciso zonyango ziyilwe ngokudibanisa iindlela ezifana ne-immunotherapy, i-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kulo, utyando, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Olu nyango ludibeneyo lunokufezekisa iinjongo ezinje ngokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, ukuqinisa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kunye nokuthintela ukuphinda kuvele umhlaza.
- Eli licandelo elikhula ngokukhawuleza, apho kusoloko kuqaliswa iindlela ezintsha zonyango ezisebenzayo nezintsha.
- Ngugqirha wakho we-oncologist kuphela onokumisela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe, ngoko ke xoxa ngazo zonke izigqibo nogqirha wakho.
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