Ngaba ukusebenzisa kwakho intsangu kubonakala kungalawuleki? (Ingxaki Yokusebenzisa Intsangu) Masithethe ngale nto!

I-cannabis, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-marijuana, yinto abantu abaninzi abayisebenzisayo ukonwaba, xa bedibana nabahlobo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le nto 'incinci' inokuba yinto eninzi kakhulu kwaye ingalawuleki. Emva koko iqala ukuchaphazela imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ubudlelwane kunye nempilo. Ngaba unengxaki efana nale ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-cannabis? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo onengxaki yesi sifo? Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esibangelwa kukusebenzisa i-cannabis, oko kukuthi , i-Cannabis Use Disorder .

Yintoni i-Cannabis Use Disorder?

Ngamafutshane, iCannabis Use Disorder (CUD) yimeko apho ukusetyenziswa kwecannabis (intsangu) kubangela iingxaki ebomini bakho kwaye kuchaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo. Kwakhona luhlobo lweSubstance Use Disorder (SUD).

Xa sisithi i-cannabis, sithetha nayiphi na imveliso ephuma kwisityalo esithi `Cannabis sativa`. Oko kuthetha iintyatyambo zayo ezomileyo, amagqabi, iziqu, kunye nembewu. Esi sityalo siqulethe iikhemikhali ezingaphezu kwama-500. `Cannabidiol` (`CBD`) yenye yezo khemikhali.

I-Marijuana ibhekisa kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye okanye imveliso yesityalo i-'Cannabis sativa', kodwa kufuneka ibe nesixa esikhulu sekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi -tetrahydrocannabinol ('THC') . Le 'THC' yiyo ekunika loo 'high', oko kukuthi, ukuziva unxilile. I-Marijuana luhlobo lwe-cannabis, kodwa ayizizo zonke i-cannabis eziyi-marijuana. Imeko ye-'CUD' ibangelwa ikakhulu zizinto eziqulethe i-'THC' (oko kukuthi, i-marijuana).

Le meko 'ye-CUD' inokwahluka ngobukhulu - abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezingephi , abanye iimpawu eziphakathi , kwaye abanye iimpawu ezinzima . Idla ngokubandakanya umnqweno ongalawulekiyo wokusebenzisa i-cannabis, ukunyamezela i-cannabis ngakumbi (oko kuthetha ukuba udinga okungakumbi ukuze uzive ngendlela obukade uziva ngayo), kunye neempawu zokurhoxa xa uyeka.

I-CUD inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yakho, kubudlelwane bakho nosapho nabahlobo, nakubomi bakho bonke. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uqalise ukubona iimpawu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwale `CUD` kunye nokulutha kwentsangu?

Sibiza ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-cannabis (CUD) ngokuba bubuthambile, buphakathi, okanye buqatha. Ukulutha kwi-marijuana lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwesi sifo. Oku kuthetha ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-marijuana nangona kukho iingxaki ezibangelwa yiyo. Ukulutha kwi-marijuana kwenzeka xa inkqubo yomvuzo yengqondo yakho iqhela ukusebenzisa esi siyobisi, nto leyo ekwenza ukuba usifune.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ye-'CUD'?

Enyanisweni, i-'CUD' yimeko eqhelekileyo. Uphononongo luka-2021 lufumanise ukuba malunga ne-5.8% yabantu abaneminyaka eli-12 nangaphezulu eMelika (oko kukuthi malunga ne-16.3 yezigidi zabantu) babene-'CUD' kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo. Le meko inokubonwa naseSri Lanka ngokubanzi okanye kancinci.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'Cannabis Use Disorder'?

Ngokutsho kwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu zeCannabis Use Disorder:

• Ukusebenzisa i-cannabis eninzi kwaye ixesha elide kunokuba ubucinga.
• Umnqweno okanye umnqweno onamandla wokusebenzisa i-cannabis.
• Imizamo yokunciphisa okanye yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ayiphumelelanga.
• Kuthatha ixesha elide ukufumana, ukusebenzisa, okanye ukuchacha kwimiphumo ye-cannabis.
• Ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye ekhaya ngenxa yokusebenzisa intsangu.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-cannabis nangona kukho iingxaki zobudlelwane.
• Ukuyeka imisebenzi yentlalo, yomsebenzi, okanye yokuzonwabisa ngenxa yokusebenzisa intsangu.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nokuba kwiimeko eziyingozi , njengokuqhuba imoto.
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-cannabis nangona usazi ukuba ibangela ingxaki yomzimba okanye yengqondo.
• Ukunyamezelana okwandileyo (oko kuthetha ukuba udinga i-cannabis engaphezulu ukuze uzive uphezulu njengangaphambili).
• Ukubona iimpawu zokurhoxa xa uyeka i-cannabis, kwaye uphinde usebenzise i-cannabis ukuze woyise ezo mpawu.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ezinye iimpawu kunye neendlela zokuziphatha

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iimpawu kunye nokuziphatha kunokubonwa:

• Ukudideka, ubunzima bokugxila.
• Iingxaki zememori.
• Ubunzima bokufunda izinto ezintsha.
• Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo (`Iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo`).
• Iingcamango eziphosakeleyo.
• Ukuba kude nabahlobo nosapho.
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimo yengqondo nakwindlela yokuziphatha.
• Ukuba nomsindo nokukhanyela xa umntu ebuza malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis.
• Abakhathali ngenkangeleko yabo njengoko babesenza ngaphambili.
• Ukuziphatha ngasese ukuze ufihle ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis.

Zithini izizathu ze-'Cannabis Use Disorder'?

Umntu onesifo 'sokusetyenziswa kweCannabis' unokulandela le ndlela ilandelayo:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo.

2. Ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu.

4. Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Olu hambo luyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Imiphumo ye-THC kwikhemistri yengqondo yakho.
• Izinto ezibangela ufuzo (impembelelo evela kwimfuza).
• Iimeko zempilo yengqondo.
• Ukufikeleleka lula kunye nokuchanabeka kwi-cannabis.

Ikhemistri yobuchopho

Ikhemikhali ethi `THC` ichaphazela ingqondo yakho, ingakumbi `iziko lembuyekezo`.

Sonke sinomnqweno wokufuna ulonwabo ngokwebhayoloji. Uninzi lwexesha, olu lonwabo luvela kwizinto ezisempilweni. Xa uchitha ixesha nomntu omthandayo, okanye xa usitya isidlo esimnandi, umzimba wakho ukhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yidopamine . Oku kukwenza uzive wonwabile kwaye wanelisekile. Kufana nomjikelo; ufuna la mava kuba akwenza uzive ulungile.

Xa usebenzisa iziyobisi ezifana ne-marijuana, i-dopamine eninzi ingena engqondweni yakho. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokukukhuthaza ukuba wenze izinto ekufuneka uzenze ukuze uphile (ukutya, ukusebenza, ukuchitha ixesha nabantu obathandayo), la manqanaba aphezulu e-dopamine anokubangela utshintsho oluyingozi kwiingcinga zakho, iimvakalelo zakho, kunye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Oku kukukhokelela ekubeni ufune ulonwabo olungakumbi kwi-marijuana kunokuba ubuya kuthanda amava aphilileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-marijuana ('THC') iyayitshintsha i-chemistry yengqondo yakho, ikwenze ungaziva kakhulu ngayo. Emva koko, udinga okungakumbi ukuze uve isiphumo esifanayo.

Impembelelo yemfuza (imfuza)

Uphando lubonise ukuba phakathi kwama-40% nama-60% omngcipheko wokufumana nayiphi na ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi yimfuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho olusondeleyo (umntakwenu, umzali) ukhe waba nengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi, nawe unokuba nayo. Izazinzulu zifumanise ukuba utshintsho kwi-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-CHRNA2 (ekwi-chromosome 8) ludibene ne-CUD.

Iimeko zempilo yengqondo

Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanengxaki yempilo yengqondo nabo banengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi (umz., `CUD`). Ngokufanayo, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi nabo banengxaki yempilo yengqondo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -`dual diagnosis` .

Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo kubangelwa zizinto ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo:

• Iingozi zemfuza.
• Iingxaki ezenzeka kwiindawo ezifanayo zobuchopho.
• Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba iimeko zempilo yengqondo zinokubangela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Abanye abantu banokusebenzisa i-cannabis ukuzama ukulawula iimpawu zeengxaki zabo zempilo yengqondo (oku kubizwa ngokuba 'kukuzinyanga'). Oku kunokubangela imeko ethi 'CUD'.

Ukufikelela lula kunye nokuchanabeka kwi-cannabis

Ukufumaneka lula kwe-cannabis yinto ebangela umngcipheko omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Izinto ezibangela ukuba kubekho amathuba okuba i-cannabis ifumaneke kwaye isetyenziswe ziquka:

• Kukho umntu osebenzisa i-cannabis ekhayeni lakho.
• Abahlobo bakho basebenzisa i-cannabis.
• Ukuba nesatifikethi se-marijuana yezonyango (kumazwe/amazwe apho isemthethweni khona).

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-'Cannabis Use Disorder'?

Izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-CUD. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Ubudala: Abantu abaqala ukusebenzisa i-cannabis ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka eli-18 ubudala banamathuba aphindwe kane ukuya kwesixhenxe okuba ne-CUD kunabantu abadala.
• Amandla emarijuana: Ukusebenzisa imarijuana enamandla aphezulu (oko kukuthi, amanqanaba aphezulu e-THC) kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-CUD. Kwakhona, ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa imarijuana (ezifana nokudambisa kunye nokuvasa i-vaping concentrates) zinokuzisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-THC emzimbeni.
• Izihlandlo zokusetyenziswa: Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba i-17% yabantu abasebenzisa i-cannabis kanye ngeveki kunye ne-18.8% yabantu abasebenzisa i-cannabis yonke imihla babonakalise iimpawu zokuxhomekeka kwi-cannabis.
• Uxinzelelo: Abantu abanesifo soxinzelelo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-CUD.
• Isini: Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo sentliziyo.
• Ezinye iziyobisi: Ukusebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi, ezinje ngotywala, i-nicotine, okanye ii-hallucinogens, kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-CUD.

Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kwi-CUD, ingakumbi phakathi kolutsha, ziquka:

• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngabazali.
• Ukuwohloka kwemfundo yesikolo.
• Ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga nokuchasa abanye.
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye/okanye i-nicotine.
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngexesha lobuntwana.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

I-CUD ingaba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yakho yengqondo, yomzimba, kunye nentlalo. Ezinye zeengxaki zomzimba zesifo esinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ziquka:

• Ingqondo ebangelwa yi-cannabis.
• Ingxaki yokuxhalaba ebangelwa yi-cannabis.
• Ingxaki yokulala ebangelwa yi-cannabis.
• Isifo se-cannabis hyperemesis.
• I-bronchitis engapheliyo ukuba utshaya okanye upheka intsangu.
• Iingxaki zokuchuma.

Abantwana abancinci abane-CUD banamathuba amaninzi okufumana iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• `CUD` enzima (umlutha wentsangu).
• Ichaphazela uphuhliso lobuchopho.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukubuthathaka kweziphumo zemfundo.
• Amathuba okuyeka isikolo ayanda.
• Ukwehla kwe-intelligence quotient (`IQ`).

Uyibona njani le nto?

Akukho vavanyo lunye olunokuxilonga iCannabis Use Disorder. Endaweni yoko, ababoneleli bezempilo baya kujonga ngokweenkcukacha imbali yakho yezonyango kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweCannabis. Banokwenza novavanyo lweziyobisi.

Ekubeni kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abane-CUD babe nengxaki yempilo yengqondo, ugqirha uya kukubuza nangembali yakho yempilo yengqondo.

Ngokutsho kwe-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-Cannabis Use Disorder, ubuncinane iimpawu ezimbini esizixubushileyo ngaphambili kufuneka zibe khona kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwe-12 .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-`CUD` inokubakho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo:

• `CUD` ethambileyo: Iimpawu ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
• `CUD` ephakathi: Iimpawu ezine okanye ezintlanu.
• I-CUD Enzima: Iimpawu ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Kukho unyango olusebenzayo lwe-Cannabis Use Disorder. Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko, kwaye luyahluka kumntu nomntu - unokufuna unyango olwahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-CUD yimeko engapheliyo enokuphinda ivele, kufuneka unyango oluqhubekayo ukuze unyango luphumelele.

Ngenxa yokuba abantu abane-CUD badla ngokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, kungcono ukubanyanga kunye kunokuba bahlukane.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango lwe-CUD:

1. Ukususa ityhefu emzimbeni.

2. Unyango lokuqonda nokuziphatha.

Kwakhona, kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokufumana unyango:

• Ingcebiso yezigulane zangaphandle.
• Unyango olunzulu lwesibhedlele sangaphandle.
• Unyango lwangaphakathi.
• Iindawo zonyango zexesha elide, ezifana neendawo zokuhlala ungenaxhala.

Ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni (ukususa ityhefu emzimbeni)

Ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni wakho kuquka ukuyeka ukusebenzisa intsangu uze uyivumele iphume emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali be-CUD yakho, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba unciphise kancinci kancinci ukusebenzisa kwakho (ukunciphisa) ukuze unciphise iziphumo zokurhoxa. Eli linyathelo lokuqala eliphambili kunyango lwe-CUD. Usenokususwa ubuthi emzimbeni wakho ulaliswe okanye ungaphandle kwesibhedlele.

Oososayensi okwangoku baphanda ngamayeza `okususa ubuthi' kwi-cannabis.

Unyango lwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha

Unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha) lunokunceda ekunyangeni i-CUD kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezenzeka kunye. Unyango lukwafundisa neendlela eziphilileyo zokumelana neengxaki.

Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zonyango banokucebisa unyango lokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha kuphela okanye kudityaniswe namayeza.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango eziphumelelayo kubantu abadala abane-CUD ziquka:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Okunengqiqo (CBT): I-CBT luhlobo olucwangcisiweyo nolujolise kwiinjongo zonyango lwengqondo. Kwi-CBT, umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo uyakunceda ujonge nzulu iingcinga zakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho. Nge-CBT, ungafunda ukuyeka iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha okungekuhle kwaye uphuhlise iipateni kunye nemikhwa yokucinga enempilo. I-CBT ye-CUD ikwagxila ekukhuthazeni utshintsho, ukufundisa ngonyango, kunye nokuthintela ukubuyela umva.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Kwe-Dialectical (DBT): I-DBT iyasebenza kakhulu kubantu abanengxaki yokulawula nokulawula iimvakalelo zabo. I-DBT ibonakalisiwe ukuba iyasebenza ekunyangeni nasekulawuleni iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo, kuquka ne-CUD.
• Unyango loLuntu oluQinisekileyo (ACT): I-ACT ibonelela ngeenkonzo zempilo yengqondo kuluntu, endaweni yokuhlala okanye esibhedlele. I-ACT lunyango olulungiselelwe umntu ngamnye. Isicwangciso sakho sonyango sisekelwe kumandla akho, iimfuno zakho, kunye neenjongo zakho zexesha elizayo.
• IiCommunity Therapeutic Communities (TCs): IiTCs lunyango lwexesha elide olunceda abantu abane-CUD ukuba baphuhlise amaxabiso amatsha kunye nokuziphatha okunempilo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye neemeko zempilo yengqondo ezinxulumene noko.
• Ulawulo lweZinto eziNgxamisekileyo (CM): I-CM ibandakanya ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okunempilo ngokuvuza ukuziphatha okuhle. Rhoqo, abantu abane-CUD banikwa into enexabiso lemali ukubakhuthaza ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisa intsangu. Umzekelo, ukuba ufumana iziphumo ezingezizo xa uvavanywa iziyobisi, unethuba lokuphumelela ibhaso okanye ivawutsha yesipho.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela okuzinceda afana neMarijuana Anonymous nako kunokudlala indima enkulu kunyango lwe-CUD.

Luhlobo luni lwekamva umntu onokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweCannabis?

Ukubikezela kwesifo sokusetyenziswa kweCannabis kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Uhlobo kunye nobukhali be-`CUD`.
• Inqanaba lokuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi kunye nobunzima obufunyanwa xa uyeka.
• Ukuzibophelela ekuzikhwebuleni ngokupheleleyo kwiziyobisi.
• Ubude bonyango.
• Izinto ezibangela ufuzo.
• Uhlangabezana njani noxinzelelo?

Iingxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi, kuquka neCannabis Use Disorder, zizifo zobomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ungachacha kwaye uphile ubomi obupheleleyo. Ukufumana uncedo kubalulekile ukuze uchache. Abantu abahlukeneyo bafumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisebenza, kodwa unyango oluqhubekayo kunye namaqela okuzinceda anceda abantu abaninzi.

I-CUD sisifo esibuyela umva. Ukuba uyachacha, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokubuyela umva. Oku kunokwenzeka emva kweminyaka emininzi uyisebenzise okokugqibela intsangu.

Ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuyele esiqhelweni, kuya kufuneka unyango oluqhubekayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuhlaziya isicwangciso sakho sonyango nawe aze asilungise ukuze sihambelane neemfuno zakho ezitshintshayo.

Ungakuphepha njani oku 'kuPhazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweCannabis'?

Umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis, uyanda kakhulu ngamaxesha oxinzelelo kunye notshintsho lobomi. Kumntu omdala, umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi unokwanda ngenxa yezinto ezifana noqhawulo-mtshato, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, okanye ukufa komntu omthandayo. Kumntwana omncinci, umngcipheko unokwanda ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokufuduka, uqhawulo-mtshato losapho, okanye utshintsho lwesikolo.

Ngexesha lotshintsho olunje, kubalulekile ukuzibandakanya kwiindlela ezisempilweni zokujongana neengxaki, ezinje ngokuzilolonga, ukucamngca, okanye ukufunda into entsha oza kuyenza. Ukuba unengxaki yokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho, cinga ngokubona umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa KweCannabis yingxaki yempilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo. Ngenxa yotshintsho oluvelayo engqondweni yakho, kunokuba nzima ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iCannabis, nokuba uyafuna. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uneCannabis Use Disorder, thetha nomboneleli wezempilo ngokukhawuleza. Ingcali eqeqeshiweyo inokukukhokela kunyango olufunayo. Khumbula, ukucela uncedo akubobuthathaka, ngamandla! Awuwedwa, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda kolu hambo.

I- Cannabis, i-Marijuana, i-Cannabis Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweCannabis, iziyobisi, umlutha, impilo yengqondo, unyango