Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba iseli nganye encinci emzimbeni wethu ifumana njani ukutya, amanzi, kunye neoksijini? Kwaye ezo seli zisusa njani imveliso yenkunkuma efana nekhabhoni dayokhsayidi? Le nkqubo ifana nenkonzo yokuhambisa impahla kwisixeko. Lo msebenzi wenziwa luthungelwano lwemithambo yegazi emincinci, engabonakaliyo esasazeke emizimbeni yethu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngaloo mithambo yegazi mincinci, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-capillaries.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi capillaries?
Ii-capillaries zimithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu, ebhityileyo efumaneka emizimbeni yethu yonke. Enyanisweni, zincinci kunentambo yeenwele zethu. Zincinci kangangokuba neseli ebomvu yegazi kufuneka idlule kwenye yezi mithambo ngomgca, omnye emva komnye.
Cinga ngomntu ohambisa ukutya ekhayeni lakho. Uhambisa ukutya kwakho ekhayeni lakho aze asuse nenkunkuma yakho. Yiloo nto eyenziwa zezi capillaries. Igazi, eligcwele ioksijini kunye nezondlo , liphuma entliziyweni yethu ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu (imithambo yegazi) kwaye lithunyelwa kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu. Emva koko, ziqokelela i-carbon dioxide kunye neminye inkunkuma ekhutshwa zezo seli kwaye ziyithumele kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu (imithambo yegazi) ethwala igazi libuyele entliziyweni.
Ngamafutshane, ii-capillaries zifana neebhulorho ezincinci phakathi kwemithambo yethu yemithambo kunye nemithambo. Kukule bhulorho apho kwenzeka khona ukutshintshiselana kwezinto ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-capillaries?
Le mithambo yegazi mincinci ikwanazo neemilo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi ewenzayo. Kulungile ukwazi okuncinci ngale mithambo yegazi.
| Uhlobo lwe-capillary | Inkcazo kunye nendawo |
|---|---|
| Ii-capillaries ezihlala ziqinile | Zinemingxuma emincinci (i-fenestrae) eludongeni lwazo. Oku kuvumela ukutshintshiselana kwezinto ukuba kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zinto zinokubonakala kwizintso zethu, emathunjini amancinci, nakwiindlala ze-endocrine. |
| Ii-capillaries ezingatshixwanga rhoqo | Ziintwana ezincinci kakhulu kuphela ezinokudlula kwezi ndonga. Ezi zifumaneka kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, kumafutha nakwizihlunu. Zikwadala 'umqobo wegazi nobuchopho' okhusela ingqondo. |
| Ii-capillaries zeSinusoidal | Ezi zinemingxuma emikhulu evumela ukuba kudlule namasuntswana amakhulu. Ezi zifumaneka kwizitho ezifana nesibindi sethu kunye nepleen. |
Yeyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa yile mithambo yegazi mincinci emizimbeni yethu?
IiCapillaries zizinto ezisebenza ngokuthula kwinkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngaphandle kwazo, amalungu ethu ebengenakukwazi ukusebenza. Makhe sijonge eminye yemisebenzi ephambili ayenzayo.
- Umongo wethambo: Ii-capillaries zibonelela ngendlela yokuba iiseli zegazi ezisandula ukwakheka zijoyine igazi.
- Ubuchopho: Ezi capillaries zenza udonga olukhuselayo olubizwa ngokuba ngumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, olunika ingqondo izondlo ezifunekayo kwaye luthintele iityhefu eziyingozi ukuba zingangeni engqondweni.
- Inkqubo ye-endocrine: Ezi zinoxanduva lokuhambisa iihomoni ezilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni wethu kwizitho ezifunekayo.
- Izintso: Izintso zihluza igazi, zenze umchamo, kwaye zinceda umzimba ukuba ufunxe izinto ezifana namanzi kunye nesodium.
- Isibindi: Sinceda ukususa izinto ezifana neeseli zegazi ezibomvu ezindala, ezonakeleyo kunye neebhaktheriya egazini.
- Imiphunga: Xa siphefumla, ioksijini esiyiphefumlayo yongezwa egazini kwaye i-carbon dioxide egazini ikhutshwa ngee-capillaries ezikwimiphunga.
- Inkqubo ye-lymphatic: Inceda ekuqokeleleni ulwelo olugqithisileyo oluqokelelana phakathi kwezicubu luze luluqondise kwiindawo ze-lymph.
- Amathumbu amancinci: La ma-capillaries athwala izondlo esizifumana ngokugaya ukutya esikutyayo ukuya kwiiseli zomzimba.
Izifo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela ii-capillaries
IiCapillaries, ezenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, zinokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha ezi zingengobungozi kangako, kukho ezinye iimeko ekufuneka uzixhalabise ngazo.
- Ii-capillaries eziphukileyo: Oku kunokwenzeka xa ukhohlela okanye uhlanza kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba kuvele amachaphaza amancinci abomvu (i-petechiae) eluswini. La machaphaza ahlala ephiliswa ngokwawo.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (AVM): Imeko apho imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni okanye emgogodleni zidibana, zidlule kwii-capillaries.
- I-Capillary leak syndrome: Yimeko enzima apho uxinzelelo lwegazi luyehla ngequbuliso. Oku kunokufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
- I-telangiectasia ye-Hereditary hemorrhagic: Imeko yemfuza ebangela ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwimithambo yegazi, okunokuqhuma nokopha.
- Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Ukonakala kwe-retina yeliso ngenxa yokuvuza kwegazi kwi-capillaries yeliso.
- I-Port wine stain: Ibala elibomvu eluswini elikhoyo ekuzalweni. Eli bala libangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwee-capillaries.
- I-spider angioma: Imithambo yegazi emincinci ebomvu esasazeka kwindawo enye yesikhumba njengewebhu yesigcawu.
- I-Vasculitis: Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ii-capillaries zivaleke okanye ziqhume.
Jonga iimpawu ezifana nezi
Ukuba unesifo se-capillary, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi. Ukuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ziyaqhubeka, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | |
|---|---|
| - Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | - Ukudinwa rhoqo |
| - Intloko ebuhlungu | - Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba |
| - Ukudumba komzimba | - Ukopha empumlweni |
| - Ukuxhuzula | - Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu |
| - Isiyezi | - Ukukhubazeka kokubona |
Sizigcina njani ii-capillaries zethu ziphilile?
Izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukugcina intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu iphilile zilungile nakwimpilo yezi capillaries zincinci. Zama ukufaka le mikhwa ebomini bakho.
Izinto ezilungileyo onokuzenza:
- Umthambo:Yenza uhlobo oluthile lomthambo olukwenza ubile, ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki. Into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile ilungile.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obuhambelana nobude bakho.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya nezinye iimveliso zecuba kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimithambo yegazi.
- Nciphisa utywala kunye ne-caffeine: Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neziselo ezine-caffeine eninzi (iti, ikofu).
- Hlola amehlo akho: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kunokunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki kwii-capillaries zeliso kwangethuba.
Imiqathango ekufuneka ilawulwe:
Ukuba unezi meko, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze uzilawule kakuhle.
- Isifo seswekile
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Uxinzelelo
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Amaxesha amaninzi, ugqirha unokuzibona ezi ngxaki ungekabi nazo iimpawu, njengaxa uhlolwa minyaka le. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo.
Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba imithambo yegazi eluswini ibonakala ngathi iqhumile.
- Ukuba imithambo yegazi emilenzeni ibonakala idumbile kwaye ikhulisiwe.
- Ukuba ufumana ukungaziva okanye ukuphelelwa zimvakalelo kwelinye icala lomzimba.
- Ukuba ufumana intlungu emilenzeni yakho nasemva kokuzilolonga kancinci.
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo okanye umbono ofipheleyo.
Nangona singacingi kakhulu ngezi capillaries zincinci kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni imizimba yethu iphilile. Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, singagcina yonke inkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi, kuquka nezi capillaries zincinci, isempilweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiCapillaries zezona mithambo yegazi mincinci emzimbeni wethu. Zihambisa ioksijini kunye nezondlo kwiiseli zethu kwaye zisusa inkunkuma.
- Ezi zisebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, zibalulekile ekutshintshiselaneni kwezinto.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni, kuquka ukuzilolonga kakuhle, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya, kunokwenza ukuba imithambo yegazi emithanjeni ihlale isempilweni.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngokugqabhuka kwemithambo yegazi eluswini lwakho, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni, okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
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