Ngaba nawe ngokungazi ulixhoba lalo mbulali ungathethiyo? Masifunde ngokutyhefwa yi-carbon monoxide!

Sonke sivile ngotshaba olungabonakaliyo, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha olu tshaba lunokuba ngaphakathi emakhayeni ethu, kodwa asikwazi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomnye umbulali othuleyo oyingozi, kodwa ongenavumba, ongenambala - ubuthi beCarbon Monoxide. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi.

Yintoni i-carbon monoxide? Kutheni iyingozi?

Ngamafutshane, i-carbon monoxide yigesi. Kodwa inophawu olukhethekileyo. Le gesi ayinambala, ayinavumba, kwaye ayinancasa . Oko kuthetha ukuba izivamvo zethu ezintlanu azikwazi ukuyibona. Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu.

I-carbon monoxide (CO) iveliswa xa amafutha anjengepetroli, i-parafini, iinkuni, kunye namalahle engatshi kakuhle, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokutsha okungaphelelanga. Ukuba le gesi ingena emizimbeni yethu ngamanani aphezulu, inokubangela ukufa kwimizuzu embalwa. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba utyhefwe yi-CO, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngoko nangoko .

Ivela phi le carbon monoxide (CO)?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le 'CO` yenziwa xa kutshiswa ipetroli. Jonga ukuba ingakanani le nto esingqongileyo:

• Kwiinjini zezithuthi ezifana neemoto kunye neelori. (Jonga umsi ovela kwiimoto ezindala!)
• Iinjini zepetroli ezincinci (umz. iijenereyitha, iimatshini zokusika utshani)
• Izifudumezi zesithuba ezitshisa ipetroli (hayi izifudumezi zombane)
• Ukusuka kwizitovu zegesi okanye kwii-oveni
• Ukusuka kwiigrill zebraai
• Izibane (ingakumbi izibane zeparafini)
• Iinkqubo zokufudumeza, ii-oven zasekhaya (ezi azifumaneki lula kwilizwe lethu, kodwa zinokufumaneka kwezinye iindawo)
• Kwizinto ezitshisa amalahle, i-parafini, igesi yepropane, okanye iinkuni. Umzekelo, abanye abantu bafudumeza amalahle ngaphakathi endlwini ukuze bagcine iingcongconi kude okanye ukuze zifudumale ebanda. Ezi zinokukhupha i-CO2.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ezi zixhobo azisetyenziswa kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo, i-'CO` iya kuqokelelana ize ibe yityhefu.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba kubekho ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide?

Le yinto eyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegesi ethi `CO` luphezulu kakhulu , ubuthi bunokwenzeka ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu . Nokuba uxinzelelo luphantsi kancinci, ubuthi bungenzeka kwiyure enye okanye ezimbini. Oko kuthetha ukuba busichaphazela ngokukhawuleza kunokuba sicinga.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Nangona izibalo zaseSri Lanka zingachanekanga, oku kuqhelekile nakumazwe aphuhlileyo. Umzekelo, eMelika, abantu abangaphezu kwama-400 bayafa minyaka le ngenxa yezi tyhefu ze-'CO' ngequbuliso. Phantse abanye abayi-100,000 bangeniswa kumagumbi ongxamiseko. Ngoko ke, oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Zithini iimpawu zetyhefu ye-carbon monoxide (CO)?

Ukwazi ezi mpawu kunokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-CO yokutyhefa.

Iimpawu zesilumkiso kwangethuba

Ezi zibonakala ngathi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke sisenokungazinaki.

• Intloko ebuhlungu kancinci (njengomkhuhlane)
• Ukuziva unesicaphucaphu (ukuziva ngathi uhlanza)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo)

Iimpawu zokuvezwa okuphakathi

Ukuba uphefumla i-CO engaphezulu, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukudinwa kunye nobuthathaka
• Ukuquleka/ ukulahlekelwa yingqondo
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha (ukuziva ngathi ingalo yakho iyaphela, ngathi awukwazi ukuhamba)
• Ukudideka kwengqondo (andazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni)
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, phuma ngokukhawuleza! Musa ukuhlala endlwini ubize uncedo. Ukuba awukwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle ngokukhuselekileyo, ubuncinane vula ifestile okanye ucango uhlale kufutshane nalo ubize uncedo.

Ngaba iimpawu zingabonakala emva kwexesha?

Ewe, unako. Ukuba uqhubeka nokuphefumla ubuninzi be-CO obuphantsi, usenokungaziboni iimpawu ngoko nangoko. Kodwa igesi iseyityhefu. Okukhona uqhubeka uyiphefumla ixesha elide, kokukhona inokwenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke ukuba unesikrokro sokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-CO, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.

Kutheni ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide (CO) isenzeka? Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni?

Ngamafutshane, ibangelwa kukuphefumla igesi ethi `CO`. Xa le gesi ethi `CO` ingena emiphungeni yethu, ithintela ioksijini ukuba ingafiki egazini lethu.

Cinga ngale ndlela. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lethu zezona zithatha ioksijini ziyisasaze emzimbeni wonke. Ioksijini ibalulekile ukuze amalungu ethu asebenze. Nangona kunjalo, ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zithatha i-carbon monoxide ngokukhawuleza nangokunamandla ngaphezu kweoksijini. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho 'CO' egazini, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziya kuyikhupha ioksijini zize zithathe 'CO'.

Ngoko ke, ukuba siphefumla i-'CO' eninzi kakhulu, igazi lethu lizaliswa yi-'CO' endaweni ye-oksijini. Emva koko, amalungu abalulekileyo anjengengqondo nentliziyo awafumani umlinganiselo ofunekayo we-oksijini. Ayipheleli apho, i-'CO' idibana neeproteni ezithile emzimbeni wethu kwaye yonakalisa iiseli kunye namalungu omzimba. Ukuba siphefumla i-'CO' eninzi kakhulu, sinokulahlekelwa zingqondo, sifiphale size sife kwimizuzu embalwa.

Ukuba sisebenzisa izixhobo ezitshisa amafutha (umz. izitovu zegesi, iijenereyitha) ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sizigcine zisemgangathweni, amanqanaba e-'CO` adla ngokuba yingozi. Ubuthi be-'CO` buyenzeka xa ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingangeni moya kakuhle . Umzekelo:

• Imoto okanye ilori yaqala ngaphakathi kwigaraji evaliweyo.
• Inkqubo yokukhupha umoya emotweni ivaliwe (umz., ludaka okanye uthuli).
• Sebenzisa i-heater ye-kerosene okanye i-gas barbecue grill ngaphakathi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokutyhefwa yi-carbon monoxide (CO)?

Wonke umntu usemngciphekweni. Ingakumbi ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika (ingakumbi kwimimandla yeentaba yelizwe lethu), umngcipheko uphezulu kuba abantu basebenzisa iinkqubo zokufudumeza rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abantu abachaphazeleka lula nangakumbi ngamanqanaba aphantsi e-CO:

• Iimbumba (abantwana) ezikhula esibelekweni
• Iintsana ezincinci
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
• Abantu abahlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (njengendawo yethu yaseNuwara Eliya)
• Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo esingapheliyo, i-anemia, okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla
• Abantu abasebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (abatshaya iicuba)

Kwakhona, abantu abancinci (umz., abantwana abancinci) kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya banokuba sesichengeni ngakumbi semiphumo yetyhefu ye-CO. Izilwanyana zasekhaya ezisekhaya zihlala ziqala ukubonisa iimpawu.

Ukuba usebenza kwindawo apho kusetyenziswa khona iinjini zokutshisa okanye apho usebenza ngamalangatye, usengozini enkulu yokufumana ityhefu ye-CO. Umzekelo, amagumbi ebhoyila, iindawo zokugcina impahla, kunye neendawo zokucoca ipetroliyam zinokuba namanqanaba ayingozi e-CO. Abantu abasebenza kule misebenzi ilandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Abacimi-mlilo
• Iingcali (Izimonyo)
• Abaqhubi
• Abantu abadibanisa iintsimbi

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yale tyhefu?

Ukutyhefa nge-CO kusongela ubomi. Kwanokuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukubonakalisa isifo kunokubulala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuyaqatshelwa kwaye kunyangwa ngokukhawuleza, iziphumo zinokuguqulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukutyhefa nge-CO kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo zexesha elide ezifana nezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
• Iimeko zentliziyo

Ukongeza, ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo uchaphazeleka yi-CO, oku kunokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga komntwana ongekazalwa .

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto? (Uxilongo)

Ugqirha angaxilonga ityhefu ye-CO ngovavanyo lwegazi. Baza kuthatha isampuli encinci yegazi lakho baze bajonge inqanaba le-CO elikulo. Ukongeza, izinga lentliziyo yakho kunye nenqanaba leoksijini zinokujongwa ngesixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi-finger oximeter.

Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngembali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango. Uza kukubuza nokuba wachaphazeleka njani yi-CO (njengokuba ixesha elingakanani kwaye phi). Le mibuzo inokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba usenokuba uchaphazeleke yi-CO engakanani.

Inyangwa njani ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide (CO)?

Unyango oluphambili lwetyhefu ye-CO kukuphefumla ioksijini ecocekileyo. Ugqirha uza kukufaka imaski yeoksijini aze akunike ioksijini ngayo. Oku kuza kuqala ukususa i-CO eqokelelene emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-CO okanye utyhefwe yityhefu, fowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko (umz., 911) ngoko nangoko, phuma ulinde uncedo. Ukuba awukwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle ngokukhuselekileyo, vula ucango okanye ifestile uze uhlale kufutshane nalo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uphefumle umoya ococekileyo endaweni yomsi we-CO.

Ndingayinyanga ekhaya?

Hayi suka! Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-CO, musa ukuzama ukuyinyanga ngokwakho ekhaya. Fowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha unokujonga amanqanaba eoksijini emzimbeni wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngxaki yexesha elide ebangelwa kukuvezwa yiCO.

Ukuba une-CO ekhayeni lakho, phuma ngokukhawuleza uye emoyeni omtsha. Musa ukungena kwakhona endlwini de uxelelwe ziinkonzo zongxamiseko ukuba wenze njalo. Kusenokubakho umsi we-CO ngaphakathi endlwini. Ingcali eqeqeshiweyo inokujonga izixhobo zakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinomoya ofanelekileyo kwaye zonke izixhobo zisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Faka isixhobo sokubona i-carbon monoxide. Siza kukwazisa ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwe-CO.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani le tyhefu?

Iimpawu zetyhefu ye-CO encinci zihlala ziqala ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza xa usiya kwindawo enomoya omtsha okanye uphefumla i-oxygen ecocekileyo ngemaski ye-oxygen. Kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuba i-CO iphume ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, iimpawu zinokuqhubeka zikhona ngelo xesha. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye iimpawu zinokuqhubeka ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuchaphazeleka yi-CO.

Singazikhusela njani kwityhefu ye-carbon monoxide (CO)? (Ukuthintela)

Ukulandela la macebiso kuya kukunceda kakhulu ekukhuseleni kwityhefu ye-CO:

Uhlolo lonyaka

Qho ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwexesha lokubanda (okanye ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo zegesi rhoqo) cela ingcali eqeqeshiweyo ukuba ihlole izixhobo ezitshisa ipetroli ekhayeni lakho. Oku kuquka:

• Izitofu zeoyile negesi (zimbalwa kwilizwe lethu)
• Izifudumezi zamanzi zegesi
• Ii-ovens kunye neegesi
• I-gas dryers (i-clothe dryers)
• Izifudumezi zegesi okanye zeparafini
• Iindawo zomlilo
• Izitovu zomthi
• Iiflu kunye neetshimini (jonga ukuba azinazo na iingcangca)

Lumka xa ukhetha kwaye usebenzisa izixhobo.

Ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo ezitshisa ipetroli, thatha la manyathelo okhuseleko:

• Khetha izixhobo zendalo ezenzelwe ukukhupha umsi. Zifanele zifakwe kwaye zigcinwe kakuhle.
• Thenga izixhobo zegesi ezinetywina le-arhente yovavanyo yesizwe.
• Landela imiyalelo xa usebenzisa nasiphi na isixhobo esitshisa amafutha.
• Sebenzisa ipetroli efanelekileyo kwizifudumezi zegesi okanye zeparafini ezingaphefumlwanga. Vula iingcango kwamanye amacala endlu uze ushiye ifestile ivuleke kancinci.
• Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwisixhobo sakho segesi, yiya kugqirha oyingcali ukuze ayihlole.
• Ungaze usebenzise i-oven yegesi okanye i-clothe dryer ukufudumeza ikhaya lakho.
• Musa ukulala kwigumbi eline-heater ye-kerosene okanye i-heater yegesi engenamoya.

Faka isixhobo sokubona i-carbon monoxide (i-CO detector)

Faka isixhobo sokubona i-carbon monoxide (CO detector) esisebenza ngebhetri (okanye esixhaswa yibhetri) ekhayeni lakho. Kufuneka wenze ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Jonga isixhobo sakho sokubona i-CO kabini ngonyaka (umz. xa utshintsha iwotshi) ukuqinisekisa ukuba sisebenza kakuhle. Tshintsha isixhobo sokubona i-CO rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
• Tshintsha iibhetri zesixhobo sokubona izinto rhoqo (ubuncinane rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu).
• Isixhobo sokubona kufuneka sifakwe kwindawo apho unokusiva khona isilumkiso ukuba siyavakala.

Lumka ukungenisa umoya kwindawo yokusebenza.

Ukuba usebenza kwindawo apho kunokubakho amanqanaba aphezulu e-CO2, nxiba izixhobo zokukhusela (umz., isixhobo sokuphefumla). Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba indawo osebenzela kuyo inomoya ococekileyo. Ukuba kukho umoya ophumayo, qiniseka ukuba akukho zithintelo okanye inkunkuma ethintela ukuhamba komoya phambi kwee-vents.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-CO okanye uneempawu zetyhefu ye-CO, phuma kuloo ndawo ngoko nangoko, uye emoyeni omtsha, kwaye utsalele umnxeba iinkonzo zongxamiseko.

Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko

Ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wetyhefu ye-CO, ziphephe ezi zinto:

• Ukushiya imoto okanye ilori isebenza egaraji. Musa ukwenza oku nokuba ucango lwegaraji luvuliwe. Umsi ungaqokelelana ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukuba igaraji iqhagamshelwe endlwini, ingangena endlwini.
• Sebenzisa i-charcoal grill okanye i-gas grill ngaphakathi.
• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci ezisebenzisa ipetroli kwiindawo ezivalekileyo. Oku kuquka izixhobo zokusika ingca, izixhobo zokuhlamba umbane, izixhobo zokusika ukhula, izixhobo zokuvula ikhephu, izixhobo zokusika iitshini, okanye izixhobo zokuvelisa iijenereyitha. (Kwilizwe lethu, abantu abaninzi abacingi ngale nto xa besebenzisa izixhobo zokuvelisa iijenereyitha. Xa umbane ucima, ijenereyitha inokufakwa ngaphakathi endlwini, okanye kwindawo engenamoya uneleyo. Oku kuyingozi!)

Ngaba ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide (CO) ingabulala?

Ewe, unako. Ukutyhefa nge-CO kunokuba yingozi. Ukuba uphefumla i-CO eninzi, ingangena emzimbeni wakho ikubulale kwimizuzu embalwa. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-CO okanye utyhefekile, yiya emoyeni omtsha ngoko nangoko kwaye utsalele umnxeba iinkonzo zongxamiseko.

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu oleleyo angafa ngaphambi kokuba afumane naziphi na iimpawu. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufake isixhobo sokubona i-'CO' ekhayeni lakho esinokukwazisa ngale gesi inobungozi ngelixa ulele.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwale meko? (Imbono)

Ukuchacha kwakho kuxhomekeke ekubeni wawuchaphazeleke kangakanani yiCO2 kwaye ixesha elingakanani. Unyango lwakwangoko lunokuguqula imiphumo yetyhefu yeCO2. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umngcipheko womonakalo osisigxina kwingqondo yakho nakwintliziyo yakho, ezifuna ioksijini eninzi.

Ndingazikhusela njani? (I-alamu yokuzinyamekela / ye-CO detector)

Faka isixhobo sokubona i-carbon monoxide (CO detector) ekhayeni lakho. Esi sixhobo sokubona i-carbon monoxide sifana nesisixhobo sokubona i-smoke, kwaye ezinye ziza nesisixhobo sokubona i-smoke. Ukuba kukho i-CO ekhayeni lakho, isilumkiso siya kuvakala. Ukuba usiva esi silumkiso:

• Musa ukukhangela apho igesi ivela khona.
• Phuma ngoko nangoko.
• Fowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko (umz. 1990).
• Jonga ukuba wonke umntu usekhaya na.
• Musa ukungena kwakhona endlwini de uxelelwe ngabasebenzi beenkonzo zongxamiseko ukuba wenze njalo.

Ndifanele ndifune nini ingcebiso kagqirha? (Ndifanele ndiye nini kwi-ER)

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yiCO okanye utyhefwe, fowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngoko nangoko. Hlala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ngaphandle (enomoya omtsha) ngelixa ucela uncedo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Ukuba unyangwa ngenxa yetyhefu ye-CO, buza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingaba lo monakalo uhlala uhleli, okanye iziphumo ziya kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha?
• Ngaba ndifuna unyango oluthe kratya?
• Ndingazikhusela njani kwityhefu ye-CO?
• Ngaba ndifuna unyango oluhlala ixesha elide?
• Ingaba inefuthe kwindlela yam yokuzala okanye ekuzaleni?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-carbon monoxide (CO2) kunye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2)?

Nangona zombini ezi zigesi eziqulethe ikhabhoni, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini.

• I-carbon monoxide (CO) yi-compound eyenziwe yi-atom enye yekhabhoni kunye ne-atom enye yeoksijini. I-CO ayifumaneki ngokwemvelo emoyeni woMhlaba. Iveliswa xa izinto ezithile zitsha. Ukutsha kufuna i-oksijini, njengoko kunjalo nangamafutha afana neoyile kunye negesi yendalo. Xa amanqanaba eoksijini ephantsi kwindawo apho into itsha khona, i-carbon monoxide iveliswa njengemveliso ye-chemical reaction. I-CO yigesi enetyhefu. Ukuphefumla amazinga aphezulu kunokubulala.

• I-carbon dioxide `(CO2)` yikhompawundi eyenziwe yi-atom enye yekhabhoni kunye neeathom ezimbini zeoksijini. `CO2` yenzeka ngokwendalo kwindawo esikuyo. Xa siphefumla ioksijini, i-carbon dioxide ikhutshwa emizimbeni yethu. `CO2` ayithathwa njengegesi enobuthi, kodwa inokubangela iingxaki zempilo ukuba ikhona kwiindawo eziphezulu. (umz. ukufuthaniseka)

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ukutyhefwa yi-carbon monoxide yinto enzulu. Kodwa, ukuba siyazi kwaye sithatha amanyathelo okhuseleko, singahlala sikhuselekile kulo mbulali uthuleyo.

Khumbula:

* `CO` ayinambala, ivumba, okanye incasa. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukuyibona.

* Xa usebenzisa izixhobo zasekhaya ezitshisa ipetroli (izitovu zegesi, iijenereyitha, izibane zeparafini) , kufuneka kubekho umoya opholileyo.

* Ukuba kunokwenzeka, faka isixhobo sokubona `CO` ekhayeni lakho. Singasindisa ubomi.

* Qaphela iimpawu zetyhefu ye-CO (intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, ubunzima bokuphefumla).

* Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho ityhefu ye-CO, phuma phandle ngoko nangoko kwaye utsalele umnxeba iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda wena nosapho lwakho nizikhusele kule tyhefu iyingozi ye-'CO`. Hlalani nisempilweni!

I- carbon monoxide, ityhefu ye-CO, ukufuthaniseka, intloko ebuhlungu, ityhefu yegesi, ukhuseleko, isixhobo sokubona i-CO