Ngaba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zokushukuma? Masithethe ngeCerebral Palsy!

Usenokuba nomdla, mhlawumbi ude ube nexhala, malunga nokukhula kunye neentshukumo zomntwana wakho, akunjalo? Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zokulawula izihlunu, ukuma, okanye ukuhamba. Leyo yimeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, iCerebral Palsy. Musa ukoyika xa usiva oku. Masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iCerebral Palsy?

Ngamafutshane, i-cerebral palsy (CP) yimeko ye-neurological echaphazela ingqondo . Ichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwemisipha yomntwana, ukulinganisela, kunye nokuhamba. Ibangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo okwenzeka esibelekweni, ekuzalweni, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kumanqanaba okuqala obomi. Lo monakalo unokuchaphazela nophuhliso lobuchopho.

Khumbula ukuba ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-cerebral palsy (CP) abaneengxaki zengqondo. Abanye abantwana baphila kakuhle ngaphandle kweengxaki kule ndawo. Iimpawu zinokwahluka kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye. Abanye abantwana banokuba nempembelelo encinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba nempembelelo engaphezulu.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Oogqirha bahlula i-cerebral palsy (CP) kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Uhlobo lwe-Spastic: Olu luphawulwa kukuqina kwemisipha kunye nokushukuma. Kuvakala ngathi kukho ibhande lerabha eliqinileyo elitsalwayo.

2. Uhlobo lwe-Dyskinetic: Kolu hlobo, kunzima ukulawula izihlunu. Kunokubakho iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo ezingafunekiyo.

3. Uhlobo oluxutyiweyo: Kolu hlobo, iimpawu zeentlobo ze-spastic kunye ne-dyskinetic ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla zinokubonwa kunye.

Ukongeza, ikwahlulwahlulwa ngokwamalungu omzimba achaphazelekileyo. Ingolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• I-Diplegic: Oku kuchaphazela imilenze ngaphezu kweengalo.
• I-quadriplegic: Onke amalungu amane achaphazelekile.
• I-Hemiplegic: Icala elinye lomzimba (ekunene okanye ekhohlo) lichaphazeleka ngakumbi.
• I-Monoplegic: Ingalo okanye umlenze omnye kuphela ochaphazelekayo.
• Ukhubazekile: Yimilenze emibini kuphela echaphazelekileyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Enyanisweni, i-cerebral palsy (CP) ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo. Umzekelo, eMelika, abantwana abaphakathi kwama-5,500 kunye nama-13,100 bazalwa benale meko minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba inani labantu abadala abanale meko liyanda kancinci kancinci.

Zithini iimpawu ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) inokuba neempawu ezininzi. Ezinye zinxulumene nokuhamba, ngelixa ezinye zinxulumene nezinye iindawo zomzimba, inkangeleko, kunye nokuziphatha.

Ezinye iimpawu ezingahambelaniyo nokuhamba:

• Umahluko kubungakanani bentloko:Intloko isenokuba ncinci ngokungaqhelekanga (i-microcephaly) okanye ibe nkulu (i-macrocephaly).
• Ukungazoli rhoqo nokucaphuka: Iintsana ezine-CP zinokukhala rhoqo kwaye zibonise ubuntu obungazoliyo.
• Ukungasebenzisani nabanye abantu: Iintsana nabantwana abancinci basenokungabajongi okanye bangasabeli kwabo babangqongileyo.
• I-Hypotonia: Oku kunokubangela ukuba amalungu omzimba abonakale engenabomi, "ethambileyo". Oku kunokubonwa kwasekuqaleni kwaye kamva kunokuqhubekela ekubeni kuqine izihlunu ('spasticity') okanye ukuxhuzula ('dystonia').
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula: Abantwana abane-CP banokulibaziseka ekufikeleleni kwimigangatho ethile yokukhula. Izinto ezifana nokubamba intamo yabo iqonde, ukuqengqeleka, ukuhlala, ukuguqa, nokuhamba zinokulibaziseka. Ezi zinokubandakanya izakhono ezinxulumene nokuhamba, kunye nezinye izakhono.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuhamba:

• Ukuqaqamba kwamalungu: Ukuziva uqinile emilenzeni okwenza kube nzima ukuwagoba okanye ukuwasebenzisa.
• Ukungabikho kokulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo.
• Iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo, ezifana nokujika kancinci nokujika.
• Kufana nokuphosa into ethile, ukudanisa, nokuhambahamba ngokungaphumliyo.
• I-Dystonia yindawo eyenzeka ngequbuliso, ebuhlungu, nengakhululekanga ebangelwa kukuxinana kwemisipha okanye ukuxinana.

Zithini izizathu ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) ibangelwa kukonakala kweendawo zobuchopho ezilawula intshukumo . Lo monakalo awupheleli kuloo ndawo kuphela, kodwa unokuchaphazela nezinye iindawo ezikufutshane. Oku kunokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki. Akukho sizathu sinye solu hlobo lomonakalo, kodwa zininzi izinto ezinokubangela oko.

Kukho amaxesha amaninzi apho lo monakalo unokwenzeka: esibelekweni, ekuzalweni, nasemva kokuzalwa. Uninzi lwexesha, malunga ne-80%, lo monakalo wenzeka ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Malunga ne-10% yexesha, uyenzeka emva kokuzalwa.

Izizathu ezichaphazela umama esibelekweni naxa ezalwa:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha: Ukuzalwa ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela.
• Iingxaki zokuzalwa ezenzeka ngexesha lophuhliso lobuchopho bomntwana ongekazalwa.
• Usulelo lwenkqubo ye-nervous central (ubuchopho okanye umqolo).
• Izibetho ezichaphazela ingqondo ekhulayo.
• Iingxaki zemfuza ezichaphazela ukukhula komntwana ongekazalwa.
• Ingqondo yomntwana ongekazalwa ayifumani igazi okanye ioksijini eyaneleyo.
• I-Kernicterus: Ukonakala kwengqondo okubangelwa kukuqokelelana kakhulu kwekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin, eveliswa esibindini.
• Ukufunxwa yiMeconium: Ukuginya indle yokuqala yomntwana (iMeconium).
• Amanqanaba aphantsi eswekile egazini kumntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa (i-hypoglycemia yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa).

Izizathu emva kokuzalwa:

I-CP inokukhula emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Nangona idla ngokubangelwa ziingozi, kunokubakho ezinye izizathu:

• Ukulimala okubangelwe ziingozi.
• Ukuxhatshazwa emzimbeni.
• Ukufuthaniseka.
• Iintsholongwane, ukubetheka, okanye ukopha engqondweni okanye kufutshane nayo.
• I-Jaundice kunye ne-kernicterus.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo (CP)?

Kukho iimeko ezithile ezibangela okanye ezinyusa umngcipheko we-cerebral palsy (CP). Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha: Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-28 zisengozini kakhulu.
• Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa: Ukuzalwa kunobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-1.5 kg (3.3 pounds).
• Ukusebenzisa kukamama iziyobisi okanye utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Iimeko ezichaphazela ukukhulelwa, umzekelo, i-preeclampsia.
• Iimveku ezininzi: Njengamawele, amawele amathathu.
• Iintsholongwane ezichaphazela i-placenta okanye i-amniotic fluid.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) idla ngokuvela kunye nezinye iimeko ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Umonakalo ofanayo obangela i-CP ubangela nezinye iimeko.

Eminye imizekelo:

• Ukuxhuzula kunye nokuxhuzula.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Iimeko ezichaphazela ubuchule bokunxibelelana.
• Iingxaki zokubona nokuva.
• Izifo ezinxulumene namathambo nezihlunu.
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokutya neziselo.
• Iingxaki zokuziphatha.

Ifunyanwa njani i-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Ugqirha angasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga i-cerebral palsy (CP). Iimpawu zokuqala zoku zinokuba nzima kumntu oqhelekileyo ukuzibona. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha oqeqeshiweyo unokuzibona ngexesha lovavanyo lweklinikhi lomntwana rhoqo.

Ugqirha usenokurhanela ukuba une-CP kwangethuba kwiinyanga ezili-12 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo akudli ngokuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni de umntwana abe neenyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-24 ubudala. Ugqirha uza kuyixilonga i-CP ngokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba nolwemithambo-luvo, esebenzisa uluhlu lokuhlola olukhethekileyo, aze enze iiskeni ezifana ne-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye iimpawu, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza ukuba zeziphi ezi mvavanyo kunye nesizathu sokuba zenziwe.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Khumbula, i-cerebral palsy (CP) ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo.Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kunye nemiphumo ye-CP zinokunyangwa. Uhlobo lonyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ubukhali bemeko, iimpawu, kunye nendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo. I-CP inyangwa liqela leengcali ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kungekhona ingcali enye kuphela.

Iindlela zonyango zingaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Amayeza: Amayeza anokunikwa ngenxa yeziphumo ezininzi ze-CP, ezinje ngokuxhuzula kunye nokuqina kwemisipha (ukuqaqamba). Ezi zahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu. Amayeza anokunikwa nakwezinye iimeko ezenzeka kunye ne-CP, njengeengxaki zempilo yengqondo.
• Utyando: Utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kufakwe iimpompo ezincinci (`iipompo zamayeza`) emzimbeni ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okanye kunikezelwe amayeza rhoqo. Utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki zamalungu kunye nomqolo, kunye nokufaka izivuseleli zobuchopho zombane (`izivuseleli zobuchopho zombane`) ukunceda ukulawula ukusebenza kwengqondo.
• Unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lomsebenzi: Oku kunceda umntu one-CP afunde indlela yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokukhulisa amandla kunye nokuhambahamba.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Abantu abane-CP banokuba nobunzima bokuthetha. Ukuba kukho iingxaki ezichaphazela ukuthetha, unyango lokuthetha lunokunceda.
• Unyango lwempilo yengqondo: Abantu abane-CP badla ngokuba noxinzelelo kunye nexhala. Ukubona ugqirha wengqondo okanye umcebisi kunokukunceda ujongane nezi meko.
• Umsebenzi wentlalontle kunye nenkxaso yemfundo: Abantu abane-CP banokufuna uncedo olongezelelweyo ngomsebenzi wesikolo okanye eminye imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Oku kungenziwa ngabasebenzi bezentlalo kunye neengcali zemfundo.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-cerebral palsy (CP)?

I-Cerebral palsy (CP) inokwenzeka esibelekweni, ekuzalweni, okanye kwangethuba emva kokuzalwa. Yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke.

Iyintoni ingqikelelo ye-cerebral palsy (CP)?

Oku kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko. Ukuba imeko ye-CP imbi kakhulu, imeko ayilunganga kwaye ixesha lokuphila lisenokuncitshiswa. Okukhona imeko imbi kakhulu, kokukhona amathuba okuphila ubomi obufutshane esanda.

Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili kwisayensi yezonyango, ukhathalelo oluxhasayo, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yenze umahluko omkhulu kubomi babantu abane-CP. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abane-CP ephakathi ukuya kweyona inzima ngoku baphila ixesha elide. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho (okanye womntwana wakho) ngoyena mntu ulungileyo onokuthetha naye malunga nobude bobomi kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo.

Ngaba i-cerebral palsy (CP) ingathintelwa okanye umngcipheko uncitshiswe?

I-CP idla ngokubangelwa zizizathu ezingalindelekanga nezinokuthintelwa. Ke ngoko,Oku akunakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezithile onokunciphisa ngazo umngcipheko womntwana wakho wokufumana i-CP ngenxa yezizathu ezithile:

• I-Magnesium sulfate yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha: I-Magnesium sulfate inceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko we-CP kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-32. Oku kunceda ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi engqondweni yosana olusandula ukuzalwa, kunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa kukuncipha kwegazi kunye neoksijini.
• Unyango lokuphola kwiintsana ezine-asphyxia: Iintsana ezingazalwanga ngaphambi kwexesha nazo zinokuba semngciphekweni we-CP ngenxa ye-asphyxia. Ukuphola umzimba okanye intloko yomntwana malunga ne-2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) kunokuthintela umonakalo wengqondo ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini.
• I-caffeine enikwa abantwana abasandul’ ukubeleka: I-caffeine, xa inikwa njengeyeza, inokukhuthaza ukuphefumla komntwana. Uphando lubonise ukuba oku kunciphisa umngcipheko we-CP.
• Ii-Corticosteroids ngexesha lokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha: Uphuhliso lwemiphunga kwiintsana ezisandula kuzalwa ludla ngokungaphelelanga. Ii-Corticosteroids ezinikwa ngexesha lokubeleka zinokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwemiphunga. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-CP, kodwa kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuqinisekisa oku.

Ndingazinyamekela njani mna (okanye umntwana wam)?

Ukuba une-CP, zininzi izinto ezichaphazela indlela ozinyamekela ngayo. Ukuba une-CP encinci okanye ephakathi, unokukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi othile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-CP ephakathi okanye embi kakhulu, usenokuba namandla alinganiselweyo okwenza umsebenzi wakho, kwaye unokufuna inkxaso okanye ukhathalelo lobomi bakho bonke.

I-CP yimeko yomntu ngamnye. Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho unokukunika ingcebiso engcono (okanye umntwana omnyamekelayo) ngento onokuyenza ukuze uzinyamekele. Isikhokelo abasinika sona siya kuba sesona sifanelekileyo kwimeko yakho ethile.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-CP, ungambuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingakanani ingozi leyo?
• Zeziphi izakhono eziye zachaphazeleka koku?
• Ngaba umntwana wam unezinye iimeko zempilo ezihamba okanye ezibangelwa yiCP?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango eziya kunceda umntwana wam kungekudala?
• Luhlobo luni lweenkonzo zenkxaso, ubuchwepheshe, okanye ezinye iindlela zokungenelela eziza kufuneka umntwana wam azifune?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge ezibonisa iingxaki ezinkulu okanye eziyingozi?

Ukuba ungumntu omdala one-CP, ungabuza ugqirha wakho malunga noku:

• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge ezinokubonisa ingxaki njengoko ndikhula?
• Luluphi unyango lokuthintela endiludingayo ngokukodwa kwimeko yam yeCP?
• Ngaba kukho unyango olutsha okanye iindlela zoncedo ezinokunceda ukuphucula ubomi bam?

Ngaba i-cerebral palsy (CP) isoloko ichaphazela ingqondo?

Hayi, i-cerebral palsy (CP) ayisoloko ichaphazela ingqondo. Enyanisweni, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane-CP abanazo iziphene zengqondo. Oko kukuthi, ayichaphazeli ingqondo yabo konke konke. Abantu abaninzi abane-CP banokuba nobunzima bokuthetha, kodwa akufani nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Ingaba i-cerebral palsy (CP) yimeko yemfuza?

Kunokubakho izinto ezibangela i-cerebral palsy (CP), kodwa oku akusoloko kunjalo. Abanye abantu abangenazo izinto ezibangela i-CP okanye imbali yosapho lwabo banokuba nale meko ngenxa yengozi okanye esinye isiganeko ngexesha lobuntwana.

Ngaba umntu one-cerebral palsy (CP) angahamba?

Abanye abantu abane-CP banokuhamba ngaphandle koncedo. Abanye banokufuna ukusebenzisa iintonga, i-walker, okanye induku. Abanye banokufuna ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuncedisa ezifana nesitulo esinamavili. Oku kuyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu abane-CP banokukwazi ukuhamba okwethutyana, kodwa banokufuna ukusebenzisa iintonga okanye isitulo esinamavili ngenxa yokudinwa okanye ezinye iimpawu zexeshana.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-cerebral palsy (CP), unokuzibuza ukuba ingaba nguwe na obangela le ngxaki. Kodwa i-CP ivela ngokungalindelekanga, rhoqo ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo. Nangona i-CP yimeko enzima kwaye inokubangela ukukhubazeka, inkqubela phambili kunyango lwanamhlanje ikhokelele kunyango olutsha olunokunceda ngeempawu kunye nemiphumo. Kwaye inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokuncedisa inceda abantu abane-CP baphile ubomi obude, obanelisayo ngakumbi.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-CP, ugqirha wabantwana womntwana wakho unokukunceda uqonde imeko, akunike isikhokelo, kunye nenkxaso. Banokukunceda ufumane izixhobo eziza kunceda impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle komntwana wakho. Ukuba ungumntu omdala one-CP, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imingeni ojongene nayo. Basenokuba bazi ngonyango olutsha, ubuchwepheshe, okanye iinkonzo ezinokukunceda.

I- Cerebral Palsy, i-CP, Iingxaki zoBuchongo, Iingxaki zokuHamba, iiPediatrics, iNeurology, iPhysiotherapy