Ngaba ukhathazekile ngemithambo yegazi engqondweni yakho? Masithethe ngeSifo seCerebrovascular Disease

Ngaba wakha waziva unesiyezi okanye ulahlekelwe zingqondo kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho? Usenokuba nobunzima bokuthetha. Oku kunokubangelwa yingxaki yemithambo yegazi engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba sisifo se-cerebrovascular, esiluhlobo lwesifo sobuchopho.

Yintoni iSifo semithambo yegazi? Masisiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, eli ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela lezifo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi engqondweni. Igama elithi 'Cerebro' lithetha ubuchopho bakho. Igama elithi 'Vascular' lithetha imithambo yegazi, oko kukuthi, imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke, igama elithi 'cerebrovascular disease' libhekisa kwizifo ezinxulumene nemithambo yegazi engqondweni. Uyayazi?

Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yesi sifo se-cerebrovascular.

1. Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni: Ngokwezonyango oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'ischemia'. Oku kwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi uvalekile.

2. Ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'hemorrhage'. Oku kunokwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi ugqabhuka.

Zombini ezi meko zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nemeko embi esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'stroke' . Istroke sinokubakho ngenxa yezifo zemithambo yegazi engqondweni, njengoko kunjalo nangezinye izifo ezininzi zemithambo yegazi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unestroke, ubuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi engqondweni ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle koko, iiseli zengqondo zinokufa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhubazekeni okusisigxina okanye ekufeni. Ke ngoko, oku kufanele kuthathwe njengengxamiseko.

Zeziphi ezi mithambo yegazi ezichaphazela ingqondo?

Zombini imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi zinokuchaphazeleka kwizifo zemithambo yegazi. Imithambo yegazi emininzi emikhulu ehambisa igazi engqondweni yethu yeyona ichaphazeleka kakhulu zezi zifo:

• Imithambo yegazi yeCarotid: Le mithambo yegazi ikwindawo engaphambili entanyeni yakho. Uninzi lwabantu lunemithambo yegazi yecarotid enye kumacala omabini asekunene nasekhohlo.
• Imithambo yegazi emqolo: Le mithambo yegazi ikwindawo engasemva kwentamo yakho. Uninzi lwabantu lunenye kwicala ngalinye lentamo, kwicala lasekunene nelasekhohlo.

Le yimibhobho yegazi ephambili ethwala igazi liyise engqondweni. Ngoko ke ukuba kukho ukuvaleka okanye ingxaki kule mithambo yegazi, iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesi sifo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo eziwela kudidi 'lwesifo semithambo-luvo'. 'I-Stroke' yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi kwaye lolona hlobo phantse sonke esikhe seva ngalo. Kodwa, le ayisiyo yodwa. Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo embalwa, akunjalo?

• Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (AVM): Le yimeko apho imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elilungileyo) kunye nemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elibi) zidibene ngendlela engaqhelekanga engqondweni.
• I-Brain aneurysm: Umthambo wegazi obuthathaka engqondweni ovuthuluka njengebhaluni. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kuba ukuba uyaqhuma, unokubangela ukopha engqondweni.
• Ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni, ukopha kwegazi / Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kwentloko: Oku kuquka naluphi na ukopha okwenzeka ngaphakathi engqondweni.
• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid / I-Carotid artery stenosis: Imithambo ye-carotid entanyeni, esixoxe ngayo ngaphambili, ivalwe ziintsalela zamafutha nezinye izinto.
• Ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yomlomo wesibeleko: Igazi livuza phakathi kweengqimba zodonga lwemithambo entanyeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imithambo yomlomo wesibeleko ikrazuke okanye ivaleke.
• I-Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: Imeko apho imithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni iqina ngequbuliso ize ibuyele esiqhelweni. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokubangela intloko ebuhlungu okwethutyana.
• Ukopha kwegazi okungaphantsi kwe-Subarachnoid (SAH): Ukopha igazi kwiinwebu ezincinci ezijikeleze ubuchopho. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa i-aneurysm igqabhuka.
• Uhlaselo lwe-ischemic olukhawulezileyo (TIA) okanye i-mini-stroke: Oku kufana ne-stroke encinci. Ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni kuyancipha okwethutyana, kwaye iimpawu ziyavela kwaye zinyamalale emva kwexesha elithile. Nangona kunjalo, akulunganga ukuyityeshela kuba inokuba sisandulela se-stroke enkulu.
• I-telangiectasia ye-hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): Esi sisifo semfuza esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Kule meko, imithambo yegazi ikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
• Isifo sikaMoyamoya: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga apho umthambo oyintloko osezantsi kwengqondo uvaleka kancinci kancinci, uze uthatyathelwe indawo yimithambo emininzi emincinci nebuthathaka yamasebe.

Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezifana nale. Akunyanzelekanga ukwazi nganye nzulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezi zinokuchaphazela imithambo yegazi engqondweni.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana esi sifo?

Enyanisweni, nabani na, nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, unokufumana isifo semithambo yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci. Umzekelo, le ngozi iyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka . Kwakhona, ezinye izinto zemfuza zinokudlala indima.

Kumazwe afana ne-United States, isifo semithambo yegazi sesinye sezona zizathu ziphambili zomonakalo wobuchopho osongela ubomi. Sikwangunobangela wesihlanu ophambili wokufa. E-United States kuphela, ukufa okungaphezulu kwe-160,000 kubangelwe sesi sifo ngo-2020. Le meko ayinakuthathelwa ingqalelo ezantsi naseSri Lanka.

Zithini izizathu zale meko?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ezibangela isifo semithambo yegazi. Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili:

• Ihlwili legazi lenzeka ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi engqondweni: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'thrombosis'. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka kwindawo apho umthambo wegazi sele unciphile okanye ungaqhelekanga.
• Ihlwili legazi elenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni liya engqondweni: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'embolism'. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi elenzeka entliziyweni liya engqondweni.
• Ukopha: Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kuxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo.
• I-Atherosclerosis: Njengomhlwa owenzeka kwimibhobho yamanzi, amafutha aqokelelwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, aze ayivale.
• Iingxaki zesakhiwo kwimithambo yegazi yengqondo: Ingabangelwa naziphene ezithile zokuzalwa nazo.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI): Ukulimala entloko kakhulu ngenxa yengozi kunokubangela iingxaki kwimithambo yegazi.

Zithini iimpawu? Sizibona njani?

Iimpawu zesifo se-cerebrovascular zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala lobuchopho elichaphazelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo nezikhawulezileyo ezinokwenzeka:

• Iingxaki zokulinganisela: Ngequbuliso akakwazi ukuhamba, uyakhubeka.
• Ukuphambana kwengqondo: Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo, ukulahleka kwendawo.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona: Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, ukubona kabini, okanye icala elinye lombono libe mnyama.
• Ukukhubazeka okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba okanye lobuso.
• Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso: Oku akufani nentloko eqhelekileyo, kunokuba yintloko ebuhlungu ongazange uyibone ebomini bakho.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo (i-Aphasia).
• Intetho engacacanga / iDysarthria.
• Utshintsho kwimvakalelo kwelinye icala lomzimba okanye lobuso: ukungaziva okanye ukuphelelwa yimvakalelo.

I-American Stroke Association iphuhlise indlela emfutshane ebizwa ngokuba yi-FAST ukukunceda uqonde ezi mpawu ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku:

* F – Ubuso obugobileyo: Jonga ukuba icala elinye lobuso liyagobile na xa umntu ecelwa ukuba ancume.

* A – Ubuthathaka bengalo: Xa ucelwa ukuba uphakamise zombini iingalo, jonga ukuba ingalo enye iyawa na.

* S – Ubunzima bokuthetha: Jonga ukuba amagama acacisiwe okanye ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuthetha xa ucelwa ukuba uthethe isivakalisi esilula.

* T – Ixesha lokufowuna ngo-1990: Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuchitha ixesha uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Kuba umzuzwana ngamnye ubalulekile!

Oogqirha bakuqonda njani oku kanye kanye?

Isifo semithambo yegazi sisifo esifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Baza kukhangela ezi zinto zilandelayo ngokukodwa:

• Imeko yengqondo: Ngaba uyazi kwaye uyazi ngemeko okuyo?
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo nokubona: Ukuhamba kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga, utshintsho embonweni.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba.
• Ukuncipha okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwimvakalelo.
• Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha: ulandelelwano lwamagama, ukuqonda, ukubiza amagama.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezinto.
• Isiyezi okanye ukuziva ngathi igumbi liyajikeleza (iVertigo).

Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba unesifo semithambo yegazi, unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• I-Cerebral angiography: Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray lwemithambo yegazi engqondweni.
• I-Coronary computed tomography angiogram (CT Angiogram): I-CT scan yokujonga imithambo yegazi.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ijonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
• I-MRI (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Fumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho.
• Ukubhoboza umqolo/ukubhoboza imilenze: Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo.

Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane unobangela wesifo sakho se-cerebrovascular. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, kunokufuneka wenze uvavanyo oluthe kratya.

Unganyanga njani? Ungakhathazeki, zikho iindlela!

Unyango lwesifo semithambo yegazi luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho ethile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile. Eli lixesha apho unokunciphisa khona umonakalo engqondweni.

Oogqirha badla ngokukunyanga ngamayeza. La mayeza asebenza ngokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni. La mayeza angaquka:

• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Izithibi zegazi / Izithinteli zokwaphuka kwegazi.
• Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• Amayeza eswekile egazini: Kwabantu abanesifo seswekile.

Ukuba imithambo yegazi yakho ivalekile kakhulu, ungadinga utyando. Ezinye iintlobo zotyando ziquka:

• I-Carotid angioplasty: Ugqirha ufaka isixhobo esifana nebhaluni kumthambo wakho aze asivuthele ukuze sandise umthambo ovalekileyo.
• Utyando lwe-Carotid endarterectomy: Ugqirha usika umthambo wakho we-carotid aze asuse amafutha aqokelelene ngaphakathi.
• Ukufaka i-Carotid stenting: Ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci yentsimbi (stent) kwi-carotid artery yakho ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Utyando lwe-thrombectomy olulawulwa yi-catheter: Ugqirha ufaka i-catheter (ityhubhu encinci) kumthambo aze afake isixhobo ngayo ukuze akhuphe ihlwili legazi.

Singakuphepha njani oku? Singawunciphisa njani umngcipheko?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo se-cerebrovascular. Cinga ngezi zinto:

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu): Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho. Jonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho rhoqo.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okunetyuwa encinci, ioyile encinci, kunye neekhalori ezincinci: Yitya imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye nokutya okunefayibha eninzi.
• Zilolonge rhoqo: Yenza into efana nokuhamba okanye ukubaleka ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Nciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa utywala.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Musa ukusebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi.
• Gcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni.
• Lawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho kunye ne-cholesterol.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Ukucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nezinto ozithandayo ziindlela ezilungileyo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo.
• Ukuba uneemeko ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, thatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
• Ukuba usebenzisa unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni (HRT) emva kokuya exesheni, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi kunye neenzuzo zokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Ngaba zikho ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Ngokubanzi, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo se-cerebrovascular ukuba unezi meko zilandelayo:

• Isifo seswekile.
• Igazi elonyukayo.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu.

Ukongeza, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezithile zesifo se-cerebrovascular:

• Ukuba ukhulelwe: Umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yengqondo (i-cerebral venous thrombosis) uphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba unemeko yofuzo (yokuzalwa nayo): Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nezifo zemithambo yegazi ezifana ne-brain aneurysms.
• Ukuba ukhe wenzakala entloko kakhulu (ukwenzakala engqondweni okubuhlungu).
• Ukuba usebenzisa iHormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Ukuba sele une-atherosclerosis okanye isifo se-carotid artery, i-HRT inokunyusa umngcipheko wakho we-stroke.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unesifo esi?

Abantu abaye baphatha isifo se-cerebrovascular badla ngokuchacha ngokupheleleyo baze baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo sinokukhokelela ekufeni okanye ekukhubazekeni okungapheliyo. Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokufumana amagama (i-Aphasia).
• Iingxaki zokuhamba.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ukukhubazeka okanye ubuthathaka ebusweni, ezingalweni, okanye emilenzeni.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okwethutyana okanye okusisigxina.
• Ubunzima bokucinga nokuqiqa (Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo).

Zithini iithemba zokuchacha?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, abanye abantu bayachacha ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa abanye banokuba neziphene eziqhubekayo. Ukuba unesifo se-cerebrovascular, amathuba akho okuchacha axhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• Indlela okhawuleze ngayo ukufumana unyango.
• Ubunzima besifo okanye ubungakanani bestroke.
• Yeyiphi indawo yengqondo echaphazelekileyo?
• Uhlobo lwesifo se-cerebrovascular.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa ubona iimpawu.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Njengomntu onesifo se-cerebrovascular, ungaqhubeka nokuzinyamekela ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni (njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, izinto ezifana nokutya kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokungatshayi).
• Ukuthatha amayeza afanelekileyo kwiimeko zonyango ezingabonakaliyo (umz., uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol).

Ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho kuye kwachaphazeleka sisifo semithambo yegazi, unokufuna unyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo ukuze lukuncede:

• Unyango lomsebenzi: Uqeqesho lokufumana izakhono zokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Unyango lomzimba: Lunceda ukubuyisela intshukumo, amandla, kunye nokulinganisela emzimbeni.
• Unyango lwezengqondo: Lunceda ekulweni noxinzelelo kunye nentlungu ebangelwa yile meko.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Lunceda ukoyisa ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha? Uyibona njani imeko engxamisekileyo?

Fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko! Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu zengozi yemithambo yegazi (ingakumbi isifo sohlangothi), fowunela u-1990 (i-ambulensi) okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Khumbula indlela ye-FAST esiyixubushileyo ngaphambili.

Kwakhona, ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunyango lwakho okanye ukuba awuboni ziphumo emva kwexesha elithile, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto. Angacebisa ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinokukunceda.

Khumbula njengesishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo semithambo yegazi ligama eliqhelekileyo leemeko ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi engqondweni yakho. Oku kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwengqondo ngokunciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini eyifumanayo. Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo kwezi yistroke. Ikwabandakanya nezinye iimeko ezifana ne-brain aneurysms, ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni, isifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okuhamba kancinci (TIAs), okwaziwa ngokuba yi-mini stroke.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukulahleka kokulinganisela, ukulahleka kokubona, iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, kunye nobunzima bokuthetha . Oogqirha banokuyinyanga le meko ngamayeza nangotyando. Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, njengokuzilolonga kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Nangona isifo semithambo yegazi sinokubangela ukukhubazeka kwanokufa, ngonyango olukhawulezileyo nolawulo olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kwaye luphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza.

isifo semithambo yegazi, istroke, ubuchopho, imithambo yegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, isifo seswekile, inqaku lezonyango laseSinhala, ukukhubazeka, izifo zobuchopho