Xa oogqirha befumanisa ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unomhlaza webele, igama elilandelayo olivayo elithi, 'chemotherapy,' linokuba yinto eyoyikisayo neyoyikisayo. Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Sive izinto ezinje, "I-Chemotherapy yenza iinwele zakho ziwe," "Kunzima kakhulu," njalo njalo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. I-Chemotherapy lunyango olunamandla kakhulu nolusebenzayo lokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokucacileyo, ngokulula, nangokunyanisekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-chemotherapy?
I-Chemotherapy, okanye "i-chemo" njengoko siyibiza njalo, ludidi olunamandla kakhulu lwamayeza anikezelwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Cinga ngayo, iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wethu ziiseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Amayeza e-Chemotherapy ikakhulu ajolise kwaye atshabalalise ezi seli zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Olu nyango aluncedi nje kuphela ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ebeleni lakho, kodwa kunye nezo zisele zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho.
Ugqirha wakho we-oncologist angakunika olu nyango esebenzisa iyeza elinye le-chemotherapy, indibaniselwano yamayeza, okanye indibaniselwano yolunye unyango. Konke oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Kuxa kutheni apho kunikwa khona i-chemotherapy?
I-chemotherapy isetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo onyango lomhlaza webele. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kugqiba ukuba nini kanye kanye. Makhe sijonge amanqanaba aphambili.
| Inqanaba Lonyango | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Ngaphambi kotyando (Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy) | I-chemotherapy inikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze inciphise ithumba. Xa ithumba lincinci, kulula ukuba ugqirha asuse ithumba kuphela, kushiyeke izicubu zebele ezisempilweni. Ikwavumela oogqirha ukuba bazi kwangaphambili indlela umhlaza oza kusabela ngayo kolu nyango. |
| Emva kotyando (i-Adjuvant Chemotherapy) | Emva kotyando, kunokubakho iiseli zomhlaza ezincinci kakhulu, ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni okanye kwiimvavanyo. I-chemotherapy inikwa emva kotyando ukutshabalalisa ezi seli ziseleyo nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza. |
| Ngomhlaza osasazeke emzimbeni wonke (umhlaza webele obizwa ngokuba yiMetastatic Breast Cancer) | Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwebele uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (ezifana nesibindi, imiphunga, amathambo), i-chemotherapy isetyenziswa njengonyango oluphambili. |
| Kwezinye iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza | Kukho iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, umzekelo `(Inflammatory Breast Cancer - IBC)`. Kwezi meko, akukho thumba licacileyo elinokususwa ngotyando. Ke ngoko, i-chemotherapy inikwa njengonyango oluphambili. Kwakhona, umhlaza `(Triple-Negative Breast Cancer - TNBC)` kunye `(HER2+)` `onobungozi obukhulu bokubuyela umva nawo unyangwa nge-chemotherapy kunye nolunye unyango (umz. `(immunotherapy)`, `(target therapy)`). |
Zithini ezi ziyobisi ze-chemo?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza e-chemotherapy asetyenziselwa umhlaza webele. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ezinye zeentlobo zamayeza ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:
- I-Anthracyclines: Imizekelo ibandakanya amayeza afana ne-`doxorubicin` kunye ne-`epirubicin`.
- IiTaxanes: Imizekelo iquka i-`paclitaxel` kunye ne-`docetaxel`.
- Amanye amayeza: Amayeza anje nge-`5-fluorouracil (5-FU)`, `cyclophosphamide`, kunye ne-`carboplatin` nawo asetyenziswa rhoqo.
Ukongeza koku, amanye amayeza afana ne-`capecitabine`, `gemcitabine`, `vinorelbine` nawo asetyenziswa kumhlaza webele osasazekileyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uwakhumbule la mayeza. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela elona yeza lifanelekileyo kuwe kunye neenkcukacha ngalo.
Masithethe ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezoyikwa ngumntu wonke.
Ewe, i-chemotherapy ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba la mayeza awachaphazeli nje kuphela iiseli zomhlaza kodwa achaphazela nezinye iiseli ezisempilweni emzimbeni wethu ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza (umz. iiseli zeenwele, iiseli zokugaya ukutya, iiseli zegazi). Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezexeshana. Ziyanyamalala kancinci kancinci xa unyango luphelile. Ngaphezu koko, ngoku kukho amayeza alungileyo kunye neendlela zokulawula ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifanayo. Ziyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olunikiweyo.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukudinwa | Oku akukudinwa okuqhelekileyo. Kukudinwa okugqithisileyo okuvakalelwa kukuba akukhathaliseki nokuba ulala kangakanani na. Kunokuhlala ixesha elide ngexesha lonyango kwaye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. |
| Isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza | Ngoku kukho amayeza asebenzayo kakhulu okulawula oku. Ugqirha uza kunika la mayeza ngaphambi kokuba anike i-chemo. |
| Ukulahleka Kweenwele | Ayizizo zonke iziyobisi ze-chemo ezibangela ukulahleka kweenwele. Amanye amayeza abangela ukulahleka kweenwele. Oku kwenzeka okwexeshana. Iinwele zihlala zikhula emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iinwele ezikhula kwakhona zinokuba nombala okanye ubume obahlukileyo kunangaphambili. |
| I-Anorexia kunye nezilonda zomlomo | Incasa yokutya ingatshintsha, kwaye kuvele izilonda ezincinci emlonyeni. Oku kungalawulwa ngokutya ukutya okuthambileyo, ukusela ulwelo, kunye nokunyamekela ucoceko lomlomo wakho. |
| Ukungaziva mnandi kwamalungu omzimba (i-Peripheral Neuropathy) | Amanye amayeza anokubangela ukungaziva okanye ukurhawuzelela kwiminwe nakwiinzwane. Kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngale nto. |
| Ukuncipha kweeseli zegazi | I-chemotherapy inokubangela ukuncipha kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ezikhusela kwizifo), iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ezithwala igazi), kunye neeplatelets (ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi). Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokosuleleka, ukudinwa, kunye nokopha. Oogqirha baya kujonga oku rhoqo. |
Inikwa njani i-chemotherapy?
I-chemotherapy inikwa ikakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini.
1. I-Intravenous (IV): Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu. Njenge-saline, amayeza afakwa ngqo emthanjeni nge-cannula. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunyango lwexesha elide, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukunqanda ingxaki yokufaka i-cannula ngalo lonke ixesha.
- Umgca wePICC: Umbhobho omde, obhityileyo obekwe emthanjeni engalweni engasentla.
- I-Chemo Port: Isixhobo esincinci esifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba sesifuba. Oku kuvumela ukunikwa kwamayeza ngaphandle kwesidingo seenaliti.
2. Omlomo: Amanye amayeza e-chemo aza ngohlobo lweepilisi okanye iikhaphu. La mayeza angasetyenziswa ekhaya.
Unyango ludla ngokunikezelwa "ngemijikelo." Umzekelo, unokuba neeseshoni zonyango kanye ngeveki, kanye kwiiveki ezimbini, okanye kanye kwiiveki ezintathu. Kukho "ixesha lokuphumla" phakathi kweeseshoni. Eli xesha linikwa ukunika iiseli zomzimba wakho ezisempilweni ithuba lokuchacha. Ixesha lilonke lonyango lomhlaza webele lidla ngokuhlala phakathi kweenyanga ezi-3 nezi-6.
Ulungiselela njani unyango lwe-chemo?
Eli xesha linokuba nzima kancinci, ngoko ke kufanelekile ukulungiselela kwangaphambili.
- Thetha nogqirha wakho ngononophelo: fumana yonke into malunga nesicwangciso sakho sonyango, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kunye nento enokwenziwa ngazo. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo.
- Umntu onokumnceda: Kuluncedo kakhulu ukuba unomntu oza kukusa kusuku lonyango, ahlale nawe, aze akuqhubele ekhaya. Kungcono nangakumbi ukuba unokufumana umntu oza kukunceda ngemisebenzi yasekhaya usuku okanye ezimbini emva konyango.
- Impahla ekhululekileyo: Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo, ekhululekileyo ngosuku lonyango lwakho.
- Into onokuyonwabela: Iseshoni yonyango ingathabatha iiyure ezininzi, ngoko ke yiza nento yokwenza, njengencwadi okanye i-headset ukuze umamele umculo.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: I-Chemo ingawucoca umzimba, ngoko ke sela amanzi amaninzi ukususela ngosuku olungaphambi konyango lwakho.
- Ukutya okunesondlo: Nokuba uziva ulambile, zama ukutya ukutya okunesondlo okuninzi kangangoko unako. Ukutya ukutya okuneproteni eninzi (amaqanda, inyama, intlanzi, ubisi, amantongomane) kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudinwa.
Iimeko apho kufuneka ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza
Inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela isenokuba buthathaka ngexesha le-chemotherapy. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo , fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele.
- Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-100.4°F (38°C).
- Ukugodola.
- Intlungu esifubeni okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukudideka okukhulu ngequbuliso.
- Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu kunye nokuqina kwentamo.
Ezi mpawu zinokuba luphawu losulelo okanye olunye uhlobo lwesifo esinzulu, ngoko ke musa ukulibazisa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-chemotherapy lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu nolusindisa ubomi bomhlaza webele. Musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Nangona iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhaphakile, uninzi lwazo zezokwexeshana, kwaye ngoku kukho iindlela ezisebenzayo kunye namayeza okuzilawula.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo neqela lakho lezonyango. Yabelana nabo ngezinto ezikuxhalabisayo, izinto ozisoyikayo, kunye nemibuzo yakho. Bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda.
- Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhambe wedwa kolu hambo. Fumana inkxaso kusapho nakubahlobo. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba.
- Ungenza ixesha lonyango libe mnandi ngakumbi ngokutya okunempilo, ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo, kunye nokuzilolonga kancinci.
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