Ngaba uhlala uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho ungumntu okrwada kakhulu, akakwazi ukuhlala phantsi, kwaye akakunaki oko ukuthethayo? Ngamaxesha anjalo, ungoyika ukuba 'lo mntwana akazi nokuba une-ADHD'. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba zingaphi iingcamango eziphosakeleyo ezisasazekileyo kuluntu malunga nale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni eyinyani kwaye yintoni engeyonyani. Ke ngoko, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezinye zeengcamango eziphosakeleyo eziphambili malunga nale ADHD, ukuze wazi ngokupheleleyo.
Ingcamango ephosakeleyo 1: I-ADHD iba ngcono ngokuzenzekelayo njengoko abantwana bekhula
Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayicingayo. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, kwaye ubukrwada kunye nokungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni enye kuncipha, unokucinga, 'Owu, ngoku ukugula kungcono.' Kodwa oko akuyonyani.
Uphando lufumanise ukuba uninzi lwabantwana abane-ADHD baqhubeka nokuba neengxaki ngeempawu zabo baze babe ngabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lweempawu lunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Banokufunda ukulawula iimpawu zabo okanye ukuzifihla kwabanye.
Ezi ziimpawu ze-ADHD ezinokubonakala kulutsha nakubantu abadala:
- Ukungazinzi
- Ukulibala izinto nokungakwazi ukuhlela izinto (Ukungalungelelanisi izinto)
- Ubunzima bokulawula ixesha
- Iingxaki kubudlelwane boluntu nobomntu
- Iingxaki emsebenzini
Ngoko ke, ungalindeli ukuba izinto ziya kuba ngcono njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula. I-ADHD inokulawulwa xa umntu emdala. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza, unyango lokuziphatha, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
Ingcamango ephosakeleyo yesi-2: I-ADHD ayisosifo sokwenyani, kukwenzakalisa nje ngokugqithisileyo.
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva amabali afana nala, "Ayisiso isifo, yindlela abantwana abaphila ngayo," "Wonke umntu akanaxesha lide lokunikela ingqalelo kule mihla." Abanye abantu abafuni ukwamkela ukuba esi sisifo sokwenyani kuba asinakubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi okanye nge-brain scan.
Kodwa ngokwezonyango, i-ADHD yingxaki yokwenyani. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zale nto:
- Iphazamisana nobomi bemihla ngemihla: Ukuba le meko iphazamisana nokukwazi komntwana ukwenza umsebenzi wesikolo, ukunxulumana nabahlobo, nokuhlalisana kakuhle namalungu osapho, ithathwa njengengxaki okanye imeko yezonyango kwisayensi yezonyango .
- Lufuzo: Eyona nto ibangela i-ADHD zi -genetics.Ukuba umzali okanye umntakwenu une-ADHD, umntwana naye unokuba nayo.
- Utshintsho lobuchopho: Nangona iskeni yobuchopho ingenakukwazi ukuxilonga i-ADHD, izazinzulu zifumanise ukuba ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho bomntu one-ADHD zibonisa umahluko othile xa kuthelekiswa nobuchopho bomntu oqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yimeko yokuziphatha kwengqondo .
Ingcamango Engachanekanga 3: Bonke abantwana abane-ADHD badlamkile kakhulu.
Xa sicinga nge-ADHD, sihlala sicinga ngomntwana ongakwaziyo ukuhlala phantsi, ohlala ebaleka ejikeleza. Kodwa eneneni kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-ADHD. Uhlobo lomntwana wakho oluya kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ezimchaphazela kakhulu.
| Uhlobo lwe-ADHD | Iimpawu eziphambili |
|---|---|
| Abakhathali kakhulu | Aba bantwana banengxaki yokuhlala begxile, ukugqiba imisebenzi, nokulandela imiyalelo. Nangona kunjalo, basenokungabi ngabantu abakhohlakeleyo ngaphandle. |
| Uhlobo olusebenza ngokugqithisileyo-olungenampembelelo | Uhlala ebaleka, engakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye. Utsiba ngaphakathi ngelixa abanye bethetha. Wenza izinto ngequbuliso engacingi (ngokungxama). |
| Uhlobo oluxutyiweyo (oludibeneyo) | Zombini ezi ntlobo ze-ADHD zineempawu ezifanayo: ukunganikeli ngqalelo, ukusebenza kakhulu, kunye nokungakhathali. |
Ingcamango Engachanekanga 4: Abantwana abane-ADHD banokuziphatha kakuhle ukuba bafuna.
Eli libali elisenza sibe buhlungu kakhulu njengabazali. Xa umntwana esenza into engalunganga, sibuza, "Ungaba mhle ukuba uyafuna, kutheni usenza oku?" Kodwa kumntwana one-ADHD, oku akuyonto emiselwa ngumzamo.
Ngenxa yendlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yabantwana abane-ADHD, badla ngokuphendula ngokungxama (impulse-control) ngaphambi kokuba bacinge kakuhle ngezinto. Le yinto abanengxaki yokuyilawula. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba oku akubangelwa kukungabikho komgudu kumntwana, kodwa yinxalenye yesigulo.
Ingcamango engeyiyo 5: I-ADHD ichaphazela kuphela abafana
Liyinyaniso elokuba inani lamakhwenkwe aphindwe kabini kunamantombazana afunyaniswa ene-ADHD. Kodwa oko akubangelwa kukuba i-ADHD ichaphazela abafana kuphela. Indlela esi sifo esichaphazela ngayo amantombazana yahlukile, ngoko ke sidla ngokungafunyaniswa kwaye singanakwa.
Iimpawu zabafana zinokubonakala ngakumbi kwaye ziphazamise, kodwa iimpawu zamantombazana zihlala zingaphakathi.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kubafana | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kumantombazana |
|---|---|
|
Ingcamango Engachanekanga 6: Amayeza kuphela onyango lwe-ADHD.
Amayeza yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD. Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa ugqirha wakho udla ngokucebisa ukuba udibanise amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha.
Ingakumbi kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala, iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwabazali ziyacetyiswa ngaphambi kokuba baqalise amayeza. Ezi nkqubo zifundisa abazali indlela yokulawula ukuziphatha komntwana wabo.
Ezinye iingcamango eziphosakeleyo...
Abantwana abane-ADHD abanangqondo.
Olu bubuxoki obupheleleyo. Akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kwe-intelligence quotient yomntwana (IQ) kunye ne-ADHD. Indlela abantwana abane-ADHD abafunda nabacinga ngayo inokwahluka. Kodwa ukuba bafumana inkxaso nezixhobo abazidingayo, banokufunda ngokufanayo. Enyanisweni, uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuba abantu abane-ADHDKuthiwa kukho ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokucinga ngaphandle kwebhokisi uze uvelise izimvo ezintsha (iingcinga ezahlukeneyo).
I-ADHD ibangelwa ziimpazamo zabazali
Abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba, "Ngaba le yimpazamo yam?" Kodwa masicace: I-ADHD ayibangelwa yimpazamo yomzali okanye umzali ongemhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthethiswa rhoqo kunye nokohlwaya kunokwenza ukuziphatha komntwana kube kubi ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ukuba ngumzali oxhasayo nolungileyo kunokunceda kakhulu ekuncedeni umntwana wakho ukuba alawule imeko yakhe.
Ukuba uneenkxalabo malunga noku, thetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nokuziphatha okanye ingqalelo yomntwana wakho, nceda udibane nogqirha (ugqirha) kwaye ucele ingcebiso, endaweni yokuthembela kwinto ethethwa ngabanye. Ngale ndlela, unokufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nesikhokelo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayibangelwa kukuziphatha kakubi komntwana, ubuvila, okanye impazamo yomzali. Yimeko yokwenyani yempilo enxulumene nengqondo.
- I-ADHD ichaphazela amakhwenkwe namantombazana, kodwa iimpawu zinokwahluka kumaqela omabini.
- Le meko ayichaphazeli ingqondo yomntwana konke konke. Isenokutshintsha nje indlela acinga nafunda ngayo.
- Unyango alupheleli nje kunyango. Unyango lokuziphatha, imfundo yabazali, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila zonke zibalulekile.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, musa ukukholelwa amarhe asasazeka eluntwini, kodwa funa ingcebiso ngoko nangoko kugqirha ofanelekileyo.
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