Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD? Okanye mhlawumbi ukrokrela ukuba nawe unayo le meko? Iimpawu ze-ADHD zahlukile kumntu nomntu. Ke ngoko, yingcali kuphela enokutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ikhona okanye ayikho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezithile, okanye iimpawu, esinokuzibona kuyo yonke iminyaka. Makhe sithethe ngazo namhlanje.
Yintoni i-ADHD? Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo?
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD (i-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) yimeko yemithambo-luvo enxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili kubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu azenzeki kubo bonke abantu ngendlela efanayo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD.
1. Ukungxama kakhulu: Aba bantu banengxaki yokuhlala kwindawo enye, bahlala bengazinzi, kwaye benza izinto ngaphandle kokucinga.
2. Ukungakhathali : Aba bantu babonakala ngathi balahlekile kwihlabathi lamaphupha. Bayalibala izinto kwaye kunzima ukuzenza. Nangona kunjalo, basenokungabi ngabantu abakhohlakeleyo ngokuphandle.
3. Indibaniselwano yazo zombini: Abantu abaninzi banendibaniselwano yeempawu ezivela kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo.
Iimpawu zesifo ngasinye kwezi ntlobo zinokutshintsha ngokweminyaka yomntu. Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka njani.
Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantwana abancinci (abaneminyaka emi-2-5 ubudala)
Abantwana abancinci ngokwenene liqela elinobuqhophololo kwaye elingahlalisekiyo. Ngoko ke, ungambona njani umntwana one-ADHD? Ngokwesiqhelo, ubuqhophololo kunye nokungahlaliseki kwaba bantwana kuphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo.
Khawucinge nje, umntwana onje...
- Ukubaleka, ukutsiba, nokunyuka yonke into ngaphandle kokuphumla.
- Kunzima kakhulu ukubagcina behleli esitulweni ixesha elide.
- Ukuthetha ngokungayeki.
- Abazali abaninzi bathi kufana "nokuqhuba nge- OT okanye njengemoto."
- Nokuba bafunda ibali lokulala ebusuku, abalinaki kangako.
Kodwa nantsi into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule: Abanye abantwana abane-ADHD banokugxila kakuhle kwinto abayithandayo, njengomdlalo wevidiyo okanye into yokudlala abayithandayo.
Nangona ezi mpawu zinokubonakala xa umntwana ekhula, ukuxilongwa kudla ngokubonakala kamva. Ukuba uneengxaki, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokunceda umntwana wakho azilawule.
Abantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo (iminyaka eyi-6-12 ubudala)
Iimpawu ze-ADHD zibonakala ngakumbi xa umntwana eqala isikolo. Ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-ADHD abanomdla kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana usebenza kakhulu, kubonakala ngakumbi xa esesikolweni. Ukongeza, ezinye iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala.
Kule minyaka, umntwana one-ADHD unokuba nobunzima obungaphezulu kwezi zinto kunabanye abantwana.
| Icandelo apho ukungonwabi kwenzeka khona | Iimpawu ezibonisa |
|---|---|
| Unxibelelwano loluntu | - Abathandi ukwabelana ngezinto zabo nabanye. - Andikwazi kulinda ithuba labo. - Xa abanye bethetha, bayayeka baze bazame ukuthetha bona ngokwabo. |
| Ukufunda kunye noxanduva | - Akayi kugqiba umsebenzi wesikolo. - Ndisoloko ndilahlekelwa zizinto ezifana neencwadi neepensele. - Nokuba uqala umsebenzi, awuwugqibi. |
| Ulawulo lweemvakalelo | - Uba nomsindo kwaye ucaphuke lula ngezinto ezincinci. - Ukuba ubuza, "Singaya kubukela imuvi?", baza kuqhubeka bebuza ngayo. Ukuba uthi "hayi", baza kubangela ingxolo enkulu. |
| Ukhuseleko | Ngenxa yokuba benza izinto ngokungxama, badla ngokuba neengozi (umz. ukuwa, ukwenzakala). |
Akukho vavanyo lucacileyo lwe-ADHD. Uninzi lwabantwana luya kuba nenye okanye ezimbini zezi mpawu. Kodwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba bane-ADHD, ezinye zezi mpawu kufuneka zibe khona kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwezi-6. Kwakhona, iimpawu kufuneka zichaphazele ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wesikolo womntwana kunye nobudlelwane bakhe nabanye abantu .
Ukuba ugqirha uqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD, ningathetha ngonyango. Ngokwesiqhelo, zombini amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha zisetyenziswa kunye.
Abantwana abancinci (abaneminyaka eli-13-19 ubudala)
Njengoko bekhula, ukuxakeka kakhulu kobuntwana kuncipha kancinci. Endaweni yoko, basenokungaphumli kwaye bangaphumli . Kunzima kakhulu kubo ukuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide.
Kule mihla, ulawulo lwexesha, ukuhlala unomdla, kunye nokucwangcisa izinto zezona zinto zinzima kakhulu.
- Nangona kunzima ukugxila kumsebenzi wesikolo, ungagxila ngcono kwizinto ezifana nemidlalo yevidiyo enika iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo.
- Nangona bonke abantu abaselula benovakalelo oluphezulu, umntu one-ADHD akanawo amandla okulawula iimvakalelo zakhe.
- Ngenxa yokuba badla ngokwenza izinto ngokungakhathali kwaye bengacingi ngemiphumo , banokusebenzisa iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi notywala, ukulala ngesondo ngaphandle kokuzikhusela, ukuxoka, nokuba.
- Ukuqhuba imoto nako kuyingozi enkulu, njengoko ukuba nexhala kunye nokungakhathali kwandisa amathuba eengozi.
I-ADHD kubantu abadala
Nangona ukusebenza kakhulu kuncipha xa umntu ekhula, ezinye iimpawu ziyaqhubeka zichaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi.
Umntu omdala one-ADHD unokubonakala ngolu hlobo:
- Izinto ezifana negumbi kunye netafile zingcolile kwaye azicocekanga.
- Kunzima ukunikel’ ingqalelo kumsebenzi okanye kwincoko.
- Kunzima ukugqiba umsebenzi owuqalileyo.
- Ndidla ngokulahlekelwa zizinto ezifana nezitshixo, ibhegi, iiglasi kunye nefowuni.
- Sikhangela iindlela ezimfutshane emsebenzini naxa siqhuba.
- Ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni ngokwesondo okuyingozi.
- Ungaba likhoboka leziyobisi notywala.
- Ndiyayeka umsebenzi wam nanini na xa ndiziva ndifuna.
- Usebenzisa ikhadi lakho letyala ude ufikelele kumda walo uze ugqibele unetyala.
- Uqhelene nendlela yokutya engafanelekanga.
Aba bantu baneengxaki ezininzi ekugcineni imitshato yabo kunye nobudlelwane babo. Yiyo loo nto izinga lokuqhawula umtshato liphezulu.
Kodwa ukuba ufumanisa ukuba une-ADHD njengomntu omdala, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe. Kuba uya kukwazi ukuqonda unobangela weengxaki oye wajongana nazo ukususela ebuntwaneni. Unyango lunokulawula iimpawu zakho. Ngoko ke wakuba uqalile unyango, ungayeki. Ukuba unyango alukuniki iziphumo ozilindeleyo, thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze utshintsho olufunekayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayilovila okanye umkhwa ombi. Yimeko yokwenyani yempilo.
- Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokweminyaka. Into eyayidlalwa ebuntwaneni ingabonakala ngathi ayiqhelekanga xa umntu emdala.
- Musa ukucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD kuba nje nibona ezi mpawu. Soloko ucela ingcebiso kagqirha ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
- Amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha lunokulawula ngempumelelo iimpawu ze-ADHD kwaye lukuvumele ukuba uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
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