Ingaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yempilo yengqondo? Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana ingamnceda njani?

Akukho nto ibaluleke ngaphezu kolonwabo nempilo yabantwana bethu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, xa sijonga iingxaki zabo kunye notshintsho kwindlela abaziphethe ngayo, siziva sinomthwalo omkhulu ezintliziyweni zethu. Kukho amaxesha apho sicinga, 'Yintoni engalunganga ngomntwana wam?' Akunjalo? Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana ngumntu onokusinceda ngamaxesha anje.

Ngubani lo gqirha wengqondo yabantwana?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana ngumntu oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kunye nezakhono zonyango zokuvavanya nokunyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, zeemvakalelo, zentlalo, nezokuziphatha ebantwaneni, ukususela kwiintsana ukuya kubantwana abadala, kwanakwabantu abadala abaselula.

Baziqonda kakuhle iimfuno ezisisiseko zengqondo zabantwana, kunye nendlela imeko-bume yabo yentlalo, efana nosapho, isikolo, kunye nabahlobo, ezichaphazela ngayo ezi zinto. Ezi mpembelelo zingabandakanya:

• Uhlengahlengiso lwentlalo kunye neemvakalelo
• Iinkqubo zophuhliso
• Uhlengahlengiso lokuziphatha

Banolwazi olunzulu ngeemeko zengqondo nezokuziphatha ezichaphazela abantwana.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yezengqondo yabantwana?

Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezakhono xa isebenza nabantwana. Cinga ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo (`uvavanyo novavanyo`) lwenziwa ukuvavanya iingxaki zomntwana zengqondo, zengqondo, zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha.
• Iindlela zonyango ezifana ne-"Psychotherapy" - oko kukuthi, "unyango lokuthetha " - kunye "nolawulo lokuziphatha" ziyasetyenziswa.
• Kudalwa iinkqubo zokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa, ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi, kunye nokukhulelwa kolutsha phakathi kwabantwana ezikolweni.
• Bathetha nabanye oogqirha kunye nabanye oochwephesha abasebenza nabantwana baze babanike iingcebiso.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa umntwana enengxaki yempilo, umzekelo, ukuba unengxaki yokulala, unentlungu ende, okanye ukuba unesifo esingapheliyo, izazi zengqondo zabantwana nazo ziyabandakanyeka ukunceda abo bantwana.

Abantwana baphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kubantu abadala kuba ubudala babo, amanqanaba abo okuqonda, kunye nokuvuthwa kwabo kwahlukile. Ngenxa yoko, iingcali zengqondo zabantwana zinokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana wakho kunye nemeko ethile. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana wakho kunye neemfuno zakhe, ingcali yengqondo yabantwana ingathetha nawe (okanye nabanakekeli) wedwa ukuze baxoxe ngezakhono zokukhulisa umntwana okanye eyona ndlela ingcono yokulawula ukuziphatha komntwana wakho.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango abazisebenzisayo?

Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango abanokuzisebenzisa:

• `Unyango lobugcisa` (unyango ngezinto ezifana nomzobo, izinto zodongwe, njl.njl.)
• `Unyango lokuziphatha` (unyango lokutshintsha iindlela zokuziphatha)
• `Unyango lokudlala olugxile ebantwaneni`
• `Unyango lobudlelwane phakathi komntwana nomzali`
• `Unyango lokulawula umsindo ebantwaneni` (unyango olunceda abantwana balawule umsindo wabo)
• `Unyango lwe-trauma ebantwaneni` (unyango lwamava abuhlungu umntwana ajongene nawo)
• Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) (unyango olunceda ekutshintsheni iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha)
• Unyango lokuziphatha olusebenzisa ulwimi oluthile (i-DBT) (unyango olunceda ukulawula iimvakalelo ezinzulu)
• `Unyango olugxile kwiimvakalelo`
• `Unyango lweqela okanye losapho`
• `Unyango lomculo`
• Unyango lomsebenzi (uncedo ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono)
• `Unyango lokunxibelelana phakathi kwabazali nomntwana`

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yezengqondo yabantwana kunye nengcali yezonyango zabantwana?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwe-"Child Therapist" kunye ne-"Child Psychologist".

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezonyango zabantwana ngumntu onedigri ye-master kwicandelo elinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, njengesayikholoji, isayikholoji yengcebiso, okanye unyango lomtshato nosapho. Ingcali yezonyango zabantwana ifanelekile ukuvavanya impilo yengqondo nokuziphatha kwabantwana nokusebenzisa iindlela zonyango, ezinje ngonyango lokuthetha. Bahlala begxila kakhulu ekusombululeni iingxaki.

Kwelinye icala, ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana ngumntu onedigri yobugqirha (isidanga esifana nePhD okanye iPsyD) kwaye uhlala enoqeqesho olubanzi kuphando lwezengqondo okanye kwizenzo zeklinikhi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, izazinzulu zezengqondo zabantwana zinokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ezingenakukwazi ukunyanga. Ezi vavanyo zinokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye nokufunda ezifana ne-ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), i-Autism Spectrum Disorder, kunye nomahluko ekufundeni.

Ngaba umntwana wam udinga ingcali yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezonyango? Ndingayikhetha njani efanelekileyo?

Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza, 'Ngubani kanye kanye umntwana wam amdingayo?' Enyanisweni, nangona kukho ukufana okuninzi emsebenzini owenziwa ziingcali zonyango lwabantwana kunye neengcali zengqondo zabantwana, kukwakho umahluko ocacileyo kwiinkonzo abazibonelela wena nomntwana wakho.

Ndifanele ndidibane nini nogqirha wengqondo?

Ingcali yezonyango inganceda umntwana wakho afunde izakhono zokujongana neemeko ezinzima, ukulawula iimvakalelo ezinamandla, kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane obuhle kusapho.

Kungaba ngumbono omhle ukuba umntwana wakho afune uncedo kugqirha wengqondo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Thetha nomntwana wakho ngeemvakalelo zakhe, ukuba ufuna inkxaso yeemvakalelo.
• Ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokuxhalaba, ukudakumba, umsindo, okanye utshintsho olukhulu ebomini.
• Ukuba ufuna uncedo malunga nendlela yokujongana kakuhle nomntwana wakho kunye nendlela yokulawula ukuziphatha okunzima komntwana wakho.
• Ukuba ufuna umntwana wakho abone umntu rhoqo aze athethe nomntu, kwaye awulindelanga amayeza okanye uncedo kwiimeko ezinzima zempilo yengqondo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna "ukuxilongwa" ngomsebenzi wesikolo womntwana wakho, umzekelo, kwi-"IEP" (Isicwangciso seMfundo soMntu ngamnye), ingcali yokunyanga isenokungabi ngumntu ofanelekileyo kuloo nto. Izikolo zihlala zikucela ukuba usebenzisane nengcali yezengqondo kule nto.

Ndifanele ndibonane nini nogqirha wengqondo?

Ngenxa yokuba ingcali yezengqondo inokwenza uvavanyo oluninzi olungenakwenziwa ziingcali zonyango, lunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni unobangela ochanekileyo weengxaki zomntwana, okanye ukuba umntwana ufuna into efana ne-'IEP'.

Kungaba licebo elihle ukuba umntwana wakho afune uncedo kwingcali yezengqondo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unemeko echaphazela ukufunda kwakhe okanye ukunxibelelana kwakhe nabantu, umzekelo, i-ADHD, umahluko ekufundeni, okanye i-Autism Spectrum Disorder.
• Ukuba umntwana ufuna uncedo lokulawula iingxaki zeemvakalelo okanye zokuziphatha.
• Ukuba ufuna ukuxilongwa okuneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngomntwana wakho.
• Enye yeenjongo zonyango lwakho kukufumanisa ukuba loluphi utshintsho olunokwenziwa ekhaya kunye notshintsho olunokwenziwa kwisikolo somntwana wakho ukuxhasa umntwana wakho.

Ngaba ungabanika amayeza bobabini?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengabagqirha bengqondo yabantwana, iingcali zengqondo yabantwana azinakukunika amayeza. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna amayeza okulawula isifo sengqondo esintsonkothileyo, kufuneka umse kwingcali yengqondo yabantwana . Ingcali yengqondo ngugqirha ogxile ekuxilongeni, ekunyangeni, nasekuthinteleni iingxaki zengqondo, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha. Ngabo abanokunika amayeza.

Zeziphi iimeko ezinyangwa yingcali yezengqondo yabantwana?

Iingcali zengqondo zabantwana zinokunyanga iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha, iimvakalelo, intlalo, kunye nempilo yengqondo ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci. Zinokunceda nakwiingxaki ezibangela uxinzelelo kunye neengxaki ezivela esikolweni, kusapho, nakubomi ngokubanzi.

Nazi ezinye iimeko kunye neemeko apho zinceda khona:

• Ukuxhatshazwa, okuthetha ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, nangokwesondo okanye ukungakhathalelwa komntwana.
• Iingxaki zomsindo.
• Ukujongana nokuxilongwa okutsha okanye ukuhlala unesifo esinganyangekiyo.
• Ukujongana noqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali okanye ezinye iingxaki zosapho.
• Ukukhubazeka kokukhula nokufunda, umzekelo 'i-ADHD' (ingxaki yokungakwazi ukunikel' ingqalelo), 'ukukhubazeka kwengqondo', 'i-Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'i-Dyslexia' (ubunzima bokufunda) kunye 'neengxaki zonxibelelwano'.
• Iingxaki zokuziphatha eziphazamisayo, ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okuchaseneyo.
• Iingxaki zokutya, umzekelo i-Anorexia, i-Bulimia kunye ne-Binge eating disorder.
• Intlungu nokulahlekelwa.
• Imiba yobuntu kunye nokuzihlonipha, njenge-Body Dysmorphic Disorder (inkxalabo engaqhelekanga malunga nokubonakala komzimba).
• Iimeko zempilo yengqondo, umzekelo, ukudakumba, ixhala, ii-phobias, i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (iingcinga nezenzo ezingafunekiyo) kunye ne-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (uxinzelelo oluvela emva kwengozi).
• Iingxaki kwiimeko zentlalo.
• Iingxaki zokulala, ezifana nokungalali kakuhle, amaphupha amabi, kunye nokukhathazeka ngokulala.
• Uxinzelelo olunxulumene notshintsho olukhulu ebomini.

Ndingazi njani ukuba umntwana wam udinga uncedo kwingcali yezengqondo yabantwana?

Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu abazali abaninzi abanawo. Kusengqiqweni ukuzibuza, 'Ngaba umntwana wam uyaludinga ngokwenene uncedo kwingcali yezengqondo?' Enyanisweni, unyango luluncedo kubantu abadala nakubantwana, lubonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo yokuthetha nokujongana noxinzelelo lobomi, imiba yempilo yengqondo, okanye ubunzima bexeshana.

Umazi kakuhle umntwana wakho. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki ngomsebenzi wesikolo, ubudlelwane nabahlobo, ulawulo lweemvakalelo, ukuziphatha, kunye/okanye ukufunda, kungakuhle ukufumana uncedo kwingcali yezengqondo yabantwana.

Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha onokuzijonga ukuze zikuncede ugqibe ukuba umntwana wakho ufanele aye kwingcali yezengqondo yabantwana kwaye nini:

• Ukuba umntwana wakho udlula kutshintsho olukhulu okanye imeko exinezelekileyo, umzekelo, ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni, imeko yempilo, uqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali, okanye ukufudukela kwisixeko okanye kwisikolo esitsha.
• Iingxaki zomntwana zengqondo, zeemvakalelo, kunye/okanye zokuziphatha aziphucuki ngokuhamba kwexesha.Ukuba kubonakala ngathi kuya kuba mandundu.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe wehlelwa yinto ebuhlungu (ukwenzakala), umzekelo, ukufa, ingozi, okanye ukuxhatshazwa.
• Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhulu kubuntu bomntwana wakho kunye/okanye ukuziphatha kwakhe. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntwana wakho, owayekade ethetha kakhulu kwaye encumile, ngoku ubonakala ehlala egumbini lakhe kwaye engathethi namntu.
• Ukuba umntwana unobunzima bokufumana abahlobo nokugcina ubudlelwane obuhle nabo.
• Ukuba amanqaku omntwana wakho ayawa esikolweni, okanye ukuba uhlala eneengxaki zokuziphatha esikolweni.

Umntu uba njani yingcali yezengqondo yabantwana?

Ukuba yingcali yezengqondo yabantwana akuyonto ilula. Kufuna ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye nemfundo. Ngamafutshane, kufuneka ugqibezele la manyathelo:

• Isidanga seminyaka emine (`isidanga se-bachelor') eyunivesithi.
• Emva koko, kufunyanwa isidanga seminyaka emine ukuya kwemithandathu se-postgraduate, okanye isidanga sobugqirha (PhD okanye i-PsyD). Oku kugxile ngokukodwa kwi-psychology yabantwana.
• Uqeqesho olupheleleyo lonyaka omnye ngexesha lesidanga se-postgraduate.
• Kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo lwenqanaba likazwelonke kunye neemviwo ezongezelelweyo ezifanelekileyo kwilizwe/ummandla osebenza kuwo.
• Kwiindawo ezininzi, kufuneka ugqibe unyaka omnye wokusebenza phantsi kweliso ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ilayisenisi njengengcali yezengqondo yabantwana. Uninzi lweengcali zezengqondo zabantwana emva koko ziya kuqhubeka noqeqesho olongezelelweyo ukuze zifumane ulwazi.
• Iingcali zengqondo zabantwana ezinelayisenisi nazo ziyafuneka ukuba zigqibezele iinkqubo zemfundo eqhubekayo, ezifana neengqungquthela, uphando, kunye neeklasi, minyaka le kubomi bazo bobuchwephesha ukuze zihlale zinolwazi ngezinto ezintsha ezenzekayo kwicandelo lazo.

Ngoko ke ungabona ukuba oku kufuna ukuzinikela okungakanani. Yiyo loo nto benolwazi lokunceda umntwana wakho. Kungathatha iminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-12 okanye nangaphezulu ukuba ube yingcali yezengqondo yabantwana enelayisenisi.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo!

Ekugqibeleni, kunokuba nzima ukuvuma ukuba umntwana wakho uyasokola engqondweni, ngokweemvakalelo, ngokwentlalo, okanye ngokwendlela aziphethe ngayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukufumana uncedo lweengcali.

Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana inokubonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo, exhasayo, nengagwebiyo ukuze umntwana wakho athethe ngeemvakalelo zakhe aze aziqonde. Baziingcali kwicandelo labo kwaye banolwazi oluhle ngophando lwamva nje kunye nonyango olunokunceda umntwana wakho.

Khumbula, ingcali yezengqondo yomntwana wakho iza kusebenzisana nawe kunye nomntwana wakho ukuze kwenziwe isicwangciso sonyango esilungele umntwana wakho. Awuwedwa, kwaye akukaze kube kudala ukucela uncedo.

Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana , impilo yengqondo, ukuziphatha komntwana, unyango, iingcebiso, i-ADHD, i-autism