Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uhlala ekhalaza ngokuba unesifo somqala esibuhlungu, impumlo egobhozayo, okanye impumlo egobhozayo? Akukho mama okanye utata kweli hlabathi ongazange abe nale meko. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngendlela yokulawula iimpawu zale ngqele, kunye nendlela yokuthintela umntwana wakho ukuba angaphindi ayifumane.
Yintoni le ibanda?
Ngamafutshane, umkhuhlane lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zeentsholongwane ezinokuwubangela, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo yi-rhinovirus. Impazamo eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi kukuthatha amayeza okubulala umkhuhlane. Khumbula, amayeza okubulala umkhuhlane abulala iintsholongwane, hayi iintsholongwane. Ke ngoko, amayeza okubulala umkhuhlane awayi kunyanga umkhuhlane obangelwa yintsholongwane.
Umkhuhlane awuyongozi kumntwana ophilileyo, ngaphandle kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa okanye umntwana onesifo samasosha omzimba esibuthathaka. Uhlala uphela ngaphandle konyango olukhethekileyo kwiintsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-10.
Zeziphi iimpawu omele uzilindele?
Xa umntwana wakho eqala ukuba nomkhuhlane, usenokuqala azive enomsindo ongaqhelekanga nongakhululekanga. Emva koko aqalise ukuba nomphimbo okrwelekayo, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye nokukhohlela. Umphimbo obuhlungu ekuqaleni ubangelwa kukuqokelelwa kwe-mucus. Kamva, i-mucus evela empumlweni ingangena nasemphinjeni (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"postnasal drip"), nto leyo enokubangela umphimbo obuhlungu.
Xa umkhuhlane usiba mandundu, unokubona iimpawu ezifana nezi xa uvuka kusasa:
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukuvuza kolwelo lweSoto | Nangona ekuqaleni isenokubonakala ngathi ngamanzi, kamva inokuba nkulu ibe tyheli okanye ibe luhlaza. |
| Ukuthimla | Ukuthimla rhoqo kuqhelekile. |
| Amehlo anamanzi | Amehlo anokuba bomvu aze akhuphe amanzi okanye akhuphe ulwelo. |
| Ifiva | Abanye abantwana banokuba nomkhuhlane omncinci. |
| Ukukhwehlela | Isenokuqala njengokukhwehlela okomileyo ize iguquke ibe kukukhwehlela okune-mucus. |
| Umzimba ongenabomi | Umntwana usenokungasebenzi njengesiqhelo kwaye angase abe buthathaka. |
| Umnqweno wokutya | Ukuncipha okanye ukuphelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwesidlo. |
Le ntsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokuchaphazela neempumlo zomntwana, umphimbo, imibhobho ye-bronchial, kunye neendlebe. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokubangela urhudo kunye nokuhlanza.
Umntwana wam ufumana umkhuhlane kangaphi?
Musa ukumangaliswa kukuva oku. Kuqhelekile ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 abe nomkhuhlane malunga nezihlandlo ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-10 ngonyaka . Abantwana abasaqalayo esikolweni banokufumana umkhuhlane malunga nezihlandlo ezisi-9 ngonyaka, kwaye xa beqala isikolo, banokufumana malunga nezihlandlo ezili-12 ngonyaka. Abantu abadala njengathi bafumana umkhuhlane malunga nezihlandlo ezibini ukuya kwezine ngonyaka.
Olu hlobo lomkhuhlane ludla ngokusasazeka kakhulu ngexesha lemvula kunye nemozulu ebandayo.
Ungakuthintela njani ukubanjwa ngumkhuhlane?
Eyona ndlela ilula yokuba umntwana afumane umkhuhlane kuxa umntwana ophilileyo echukumisa into echukunyiswe ngumntu ogulayo. Umzekelo, intsholongwane ingaphila iiyure ezininzi kwizinto ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iirelingi zezitebhisi, iincwadi, iipeni, kunye nezinto zokudlala.
Ngoko ke eyona ndlela ilungileyo nelula yokuzikhusela koku kukuhlamba izandla .
Fundisa umntwana wakho indlela yokuhlamba izandla zakhe ngokufanelekileyo. Bafanele bahlambe izandla zabo emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokutya, nasemva kokudlala esikolweni okanye ekhaya. Ukuze babulale iintsholongwane, kufuneka bahlambe izandla zabo kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20 . Indlela elula yokukhumbula oku kukufundisa umntwana wakho ukuhlamba izandla zakhe ade acule ingoma ethi "Happy Birthday to You" kabini. Ukusebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla kukwayindlela elungileyo xa ukuhlamba izandla zakho kungenzeki.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo somkhuhlane, luxanduva lwakho ukumthintela ukuba angasasazeki kwabanye. Ukuba uneempawu, mgcine ekhaya kude nesikolo kwaye angadibani nabanye abantwana. Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuvala imilomo yakhe xa ethimla naxa ekhohlela, kwaye asebenzise ithishu xa evuthela impumlo yakhe. Ukuba ithishu ayifumaneki, mfundise ukukhohlela emqolombeni wengqiniba yakhe. Kwakhona, mkhumbuze ukuba ahlambe izandla zakhe emva kokusebenzisa ngakunye.
Ngaba amayeza omkhuhlane akhuselekile ebantwaneni?
Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Abavelisi bamayeza kwaneengcali zempilo bacebisa ukuba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala banganikwa amayeza okukhwehlela nawomkhuhlane ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Nazi ezinye zezithako eziphambili ezinokuba nazo.
| Udidi lweziyobisi | Imizekelo yeZithako ezisebenzayo |
|---|---|
| Izinto zokucinezela ukukhwehlela | I-Dextromethorphan (i-Dextromethorphan okanye i-DM) |
| Izinto zokukhupha ii-expectorants | I-Guaifenesin |
| Izithomalalisi zokuxinana | I-Pseudoephedrine, iPhenylephrine |
| Amayeza okubangela i-aleji (i-Antihistamines) | I-Chlorpheniramine, iDiphenhydramine |
Ukukhohlela yindlela yendalo yokuzikhusela esetyenziswa ngumzimba ukususa intsholongwane kunye ne-mucus emiphungeni. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuba umntwana ugula ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kulungile ukukhohlela kancinci.
Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?
Ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho ayiphucuki emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, thetha nogqirha wakho. Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu (ingakumbi nawuphi na umkhuhlane kumntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3 ubudala)
- Ukuhlanza okungapheliyo
- Ukugodola kunye nokushukuma
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo nokuqhekeka
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, okanye uziva isifuba sakho sitshona xa uphefumla (kungcono ukukusa kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane ngeli xesha)
- Ukudinwa kakhulu (ukuba umntwana ulele kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukumvusa)
Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo esinganyangekiyo esifana ne-asthma okanye isifo seswekile, fowunela ugqirha wakho kwangoko nje ukuba aqalise ukuba nomkhuhlane. Ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane unokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana ne-pneumonia. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okune-mucus, iintlungu zomzimba, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye okunzima, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane kwaye asinakunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
- Musa ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala amayeza okukhwehlela/omkhuhlane ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela umntwana wakho kwiingqele kukumenza aqhele ukuhlamba izandla zakhe rhoqo.
- Unyango olungcono kukunika umntwana ukuphumla okwaneleyo nokumnika ulwelo oluninzi olufudumeleyo (amanzi, isuphu, ubisi) kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezilumkisayo ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumla, umkhuhlane ophezulu, okanye ukozela kakhulu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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