Ngaba wakha weva ngomhlaza ongaqhelekanga obizwa ngokuba yiChordoma? Masithethe ngawo!

Usenokuba awukaze uve ngeli gama elithi "chordoma" ngaphambili. Oko akumangalisi, kuba olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, nangona lungaqhelekanga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku. Kuba, olu hlobo lwethumba lunokwenzeka emgogodleni okanye emazantsi entloko. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula malunga nokuba yintoni le chordoma, indlela ekhula ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kunye nonyango.

Yintoni iChordoma? Masifumanise ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-chordoma sisimila esinomhlaza esikhula emathanjeni . Sidla ngokukhula emgogodleni wakho okanye kwisiseko sentloko yakho, amathambo angaphezu kwentamo yakho nangaphantsi kwengqondo yakho. Oogqirha bayichaza njengohlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-sarcoma. I-Sarcoma ligama eliqhelekileyo leemhlaza ezikhula emathanjeni nakwizicubu ezithambileyo (iithishu ezinxibeleleneyo).

IiChordoma zihlala zikhula kancinci . Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kukuba zinokuba nzima ukuzinyanga kuba zikufutshane kakhulu nenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo, kwaye zihlasela izicubu ezibuthathaka ezizingqongileyo.

Enye into kukuba nasemva konyango, la mathumba anethuba eliphezulu lokuphinda avele . Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka kwindawo enye apho ithumba lokuqala lalikhona. Kwakhona, kwi-30% ukuya kwi-40% yamatyala, iiseli zomhlaza we-chordoma zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi "yi-metastasizing".

I-Chordoma ingasasazeka phi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba?

Ukuba i-chordoma isasazeka, oko kukuthi, isasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, iindawo eziqhelekileyo enokusasazeka kuzo zezi:

• Imiphunga yakho
• Ii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane ne-tumor
• Amanye amathambo
• Isibindi
• Ulusu

Ingaphuhliswa phi i-chordoma?

I-Chordoma inokwenzeka naphi na emthonjeni wakho, kodwa kukho iindawo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo:

1. I-sacrum: Eli lithambo elingunxantathu phakathi kweempundu zakho. Malunga ne-35% yee-chordomas zikhula apha.

2. Isiseko sentloko: Ngokukodwa, kwisiseko sentloko yakho, emathanjeni axhasa ubuchopho bakho. Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Clival chordomas" kuba zihlala zenzeka kwithambo le-"Clivus", elilapha. Olu hlobo lukwabandakanya malunga ne-35% yazo zonke ii-chordomas.

3. Kwi-vertebrae ehambayo yomqolo (`vertebrae`): Oko kukuthi, i-vertebrae entanyeni yakho, esifubeni, nasemqolo. Ii-Chordomas zenzeka malunga ne-30% yezi. Zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-vertebra yesibini yomlomo wesibeleko. Zinokuvela nakwi-vertebrae emqolo ongezantsi (umqolo we-lumbar) kunye nesifuba (umqolo wesifuba).

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-chordoma?

I-World Health Organisation (WHO) yahlule i-chordoma kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Olu hlobo lusekelwe kwindlela ezibonakala ngayo iiseli zomhlaza phantsi kwe-microscope ('histology').

1. I-chordoma eqhelekileyo/eqhelekileyo: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo (80% ukuya kwi-90% yazo zonke ii-chordoma). Iiseli ezikolu hlobo luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweseli olunembonakalo "enamaqamza" kancinci. I-chondroid chordoma lolunye uhlobo lolu hlobo. Ibandakanya phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-15% yazo zonke ii-chordoma. I-chondroid chordoma idla ngokukhula ezantsi kwentloko.

2. I-chordoma ehlukanisiweyo: Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5%). Luphawulwa ngumxube ongaqhelekanga weeseli. Olu hlobo lukhula ngokukhawuleza, lunoburhalarhume ngakumbi, kwaye lunokwenzeka ukuba ludlulele kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kunezinye iintlobo.

3. I-chordoma engahlulwanga kakuhle: Le nayo ayiqhelekanga kakhulu . Kuye kwabhalwa phantsi kwezigulana ezingaphantsi kwama-60 kwiirekhodi zonyango okwangoku. Uphawu olukhethekileyo lolu hlobo kukuba i-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(SMARCB1)` okanye `(INI1)` ayisebenzi (ukususwa). Olu hlobo lwe-chordoma lubonakala kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci.

Ngubani onokuthi abe ne-chordoma?

I-Chordoma inokwenzeka nakubani na ubudala, nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kwama-50 nama-80. Abantwana bachatshazelwa linani elincinci lamatyala, malunga ne-5% yazo zonke iimeko.

Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kayi-1.5 okuba nesifo se-chordoma kunabafazi.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku?

I-Chordoma ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga kakhulu . Ichaphazela malunga nomntu omnye kwisigidi ngonyaka. Oko kuthetha ukuba, umzekelo, eMelika, kuphela malunga namatyala amatsha angama-300 afunyaniswa enesifo minyaka le.

IiChordoma ziphakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-4% yazo zonke iithumba zamathambo ezisisiseko.

Zithini iimpawu ze-chordoma?

Njengoko i-chordoma ikhula, ingafaka uxinzelelo kumqolo okanye ebuchotsheni obujikelezileyo. Olu xinzelelo lubangela iimpawu . Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ithumba likuphi emgogodleni.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-chordoma ziquka intlungu, ubuthathaka, kunye/okanye ukungaziva mnandi emqolo, ezingalweni, okanye emilenzeni .

Iimpawu ze-chordoma yesiseko se-skull:

Ukuba une-chordoma ezantsi kwekhakayi lakho, elingaphantsi kwengqondo yakho, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia)
• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuso obungenamsebenzi okanye iintlungu

Iimpawu ze-chordoma kwithambo lomsila/isacrum:

Ukuba une-chordoma ezantsi komqolo wakho, kufutshane ne-sacrum, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Iqhuma okanye iqhuma eliphuma eluswini
• Ubunzima bokuchama okanye bokukhupha indle (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesinyi okanye amathumbu)
• Intlungu kwindawo esezantsi yomqolo okanye empundu

Khumbula, ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubhidaniswa nezinye iimeko zonyango eziqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba uneempawu ezingapheliyo nezingaqhelekanga.

Kutheni iChordoma ikhula? Zithini izizathu?

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-chordoma, kodwa bakholelwa ukuba utshintsho kwi-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-TBXT luyabandakanyeka.

Kuye kwabikwa ngeentsapho ezininzi ezine-chordoma. Xa zavavanywa, kwafunyaniswa ukuba zifumene ilifa eliphindwe kabini le-`(TBXT)` gene. Kwakhona, utshintsho kwi-`(TBXT)` gene luye lwachongwa kubantu abane-chordoma kodwa akukho mntu kusapho unesifo.

I-Chordoma ikhula kwiiseli ezikwisakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"notochord." Le "notochord" yisakhiwo sexeshana esibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni komgogodla we-embryo xa ikhula. Ngokwesiqhelo, le "notochord" iyanyamalala malunga neeveki ezisibhozo zokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abambalwa kakhulu, ezinye zezi "notochord" zinokuhlala emathanjeni omqolo okanye kwisiseko sentloko.

Ngoko ke, imbono yangoku kukuba ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-gene ethi `(TBXT)` ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ezi seli ziseleyo ze `(notochord)` zisenokuqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zenze i-chordoma.

Kwakhona, abantu abane-genetic disorder ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Tuberous sclerosis" basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-chordoma. Le meko ye-"Tuberous sclerosis" inokubangela isifo sokuwa, ukulibaziseka kokukhula, kunye nee-tumor kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Oku kubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"TSC1" kunye ne-"TSC2".

Ungayiqaphela njani i-chordoma?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-chordoma, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo.

Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba kukho ithumba, uza kuyalela uvavanyo lomfanekiso olufana ne-X-ray, i-computed tomography (CT), okanye i-MRI scan. Olu vavanyo lwe-MRI ludla ngokuba luncedo ekuxilongeni i-chordoma.

Emva koko, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yomhlaza wamathambo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxilongiwe kwaye afumane uluvo lwesibini. Banokwenza novavanyo olongezelelweyo lomfanekiso ukuze bafumanise indawo echanekileyo ekuyo i-chordoma, babone ukuba isasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba, baze benze olunye uvavanyo.

Nangona kunjalo, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumanisa i-chordoma ngokuqinisekileyo kukwenza i-biopsy . Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yeqhuma, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-biopsy yenaliti, kwaye ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope. Kulapho kuphela apho ingcali inokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yi-chordoma.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zeChordoma?

Unyango oluphambili nolungcono lwe-chordoma kukususa lonke ithumba ngotyando . Oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi "yi-En bloc resection." Ukuba ithumba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngale ndlela, isigulana sinethuba elihle lokuphila ixesha elide.

Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zikuphi na iithumba, oku kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukukwenza. Ngokukodwa, akunakwenzeka ukususa ngokupheleleyo ii-chordomas ezisezantsi kwentloko.

Kuba i-chordoma emgogodleni inokonakalisa umqolo wakho kunye nemithambo-luvo ebalulekileyo kunye nemithambo yegazi eyijikelezileyo. Ukuba oku kuyonakala ngexesha lotyando, kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwexesha elide okanye nokufa. Kwakhona, i-chordoma esezantsi kwekhakayi kunzima ukuyisusa ngokupheleleyo kuba ikufutshane kakhulu ne-brainstem, imithambo-luvo ye-cranial, kunye ne-spinal cord. Iingcali zotyando lwe-neurosurgeon zizama ukususa i-tumor eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngelixa zikhuselekile kangangoko.

IiChordoma azisoloko zisabela kakuhle kunyango lwemitha okanye ichemotherapy njengonyango oluphambili. Nangona kunjalo, emva kotyando, iqela lakho lezonyango linokucebisa unyango lwemitha ukuthintela ukuba ithumba lingabuyi.

Abaphandi okwangoku baphanda unyango olutsha lwe-chordoma, olufana nonyango olujoliswe kulo kunye nonyango lwe-immunotherapy. Kusenokubakho nezilingo zeklinikhi onokuthi uthathe inxaxheba kuzo.

Ngaba i-chordoma ingathintelwa?

Inyaniso kukuba, akukho nto unokuyenza ukuthintela ukukhula kwee-chordomas. Uninzi lwexesha, zikhula ngokungacwangciswanga.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba neChordoma, okanye ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Tuberous sclerosis," kubalulekile ukuba ubonane nogqirha rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe. Banokukujonga iimpawu zeChordoma. Okukhona oku kuqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele.

Zithini amathuba okuchacha kwi-chordoma? (Ingxelo yokuxela kwangaphambili)

I-prognosis, okanye i-view, ye-chordoma ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Indawo ekuyo ithumba kunye nokuba ingakanani enokususwa ngotyando: Ukuba ithumba linokususwa ngokupheleleyo, amathuba okuchacha aphezulu. Ukuba kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela zonyango ngaphandle kotyando, amathuba aphantsi.
• Nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (usasazeke): Ukuba usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude, amazinga okusinda anokuncitshiswa.
• Ubudala bakho xa uxilongwa: Ngokubanzi, amazinga okusinda aphantsi kancinci kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
• Nokuba ithumba lisusiwe okanye alisuswanga: Iintlobo ezifana ne-``chordoma ehlulwe kakubi`` zinesimo esibi kune-``chordoma eqhelekileyo``.

Iqela lakho lezonyango lingakunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga noko unokukulindela ngokwemeko yakho, ngoko ungoyiki ukubabuza imibuzo.

Ngaba oku kungabulala?

Ewe, i-chordoma inokubulala. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukufa kwenzeka emva kokuba ithumba liphinde lavela, litshabalalisa izicubu kumqolo wakho, ubuchopho, okanye isiqu sobuchopho.

Uphononongo olwenziwe kwizigulane ezingama-357 ze-chordoma lubonise ukuba amazinga okusinda ngala alandelayo:

• Emva kweminyaka emithathu: 80.5%
• Emva kweminyaka emihlanu: 68.4%
• Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva: 39.2%

Kodwa khumbula, ezi zizinto nje eziqhelekileyo. Iqela lakho lezonyango linokubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga namazinga okusinda ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho ethile.

Ngaba umhlaza weChordoma okanye yiTumor eqhelekileyo?

I-Chordoma ngokuqinisekileyo inobungozi (umhlaza). Akukho nanye kwiintlobo zayo ezithathwa njengezingenamhlaza.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

I-Chordoma inokuphinda ivele nasemva konyango, nasemva kweminyaka. Ngoko ke, ukulandela ixesha elide neqela lakho lezonyango kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ezikhoyo ziya zisiba mandundu , qiniseka ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho.

Okokugqibela, izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxinezelekile xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza wamathambo ongaqhelekanga. I-Chordoma ngumhlaza okunzima ukuwunyanga ngenxa yendawo ekuyo.

Nangona kunjalo, themba ukuba iqela lakho lezonyango liza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esineenkcukacha ezenzelwe wena kwaye siya kukunceda unyange i-chordoma yakho kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho .

• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kwangethuba: funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba unentlungu engapheliyo, ukungabi nanto, okanye utshintsho embonweni.
• Funa ingcebiso yezonyango engoochwephesha: Ekubeni i-chordoma sisifo esingaqhelekanga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango kwiqela lezonyango elinamava.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuyimfuneko nasemva konyango: Njengoko kukho umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye kwesi sifo, yiya kuvavanyo njengoko kuyalelwe ngoogqirha.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

` IChordoma, umhlaza, umhlaza wamathambo, umqolo, ukhakhayi, i-sacrum, iclivus