Ngaba ukhe weva ngesi sifo apho ujika ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa ubanda uze uzive udiniwe kakhulu? (Isifo seCold Agglutinin)

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwiminwe yakho nakwiinzwane xa ubanda kakhulu? Okanye uzive udiniwe kwaye ubuthathaka ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwesizathu? Mhlawumbi ulusu lwakho lujike lwaba mhlophe. Ukuba unale mpawu, unobangela usenokuba yimeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa yinto sonke ekufuneka siyiqaphele. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD),' ethetha "isifo sokuhlanganiswa kweeseli zegazi ezibandayo" ngesiSinhala.

Yintoni i-'Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD)'? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, i-'Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD)' sisifo segazi esingaqhelekanga apho inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela - inkqubo esikhusela kwizifo ezifana namajoni asemizimbeni yethu - ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni .

Khawucinge nje, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba idla ngokuvelisa uhlobo oluthile lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-'antibodies' ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane eziyingozi ezingena emzimbeni. Kodwa kule meko ye-CAD, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ivelisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-'antibody' ebizwa ngokuba yi-'autoantibody', ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-'cold agglutinin'. Eyona nto ikhethekileyo koku kukuba ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni emzimbeni wethu.

Njengoko usazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweeseli ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wethu wonke. Le oksijini inceda iiseli zethu ukuvelisa amandla eziwadingayo. Ngoko ke, xa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi lincipha, oko kukuthi, xa kukho i-anemia , imizimba yethu ifumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungakhululeki.

`Isifo seCold Agglutinin` sikwiqela lee-anemias ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`hemolytic anemia`. `I-Hemolytic anemia` kuxa umongo wethu wethambo uqhekeza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unokwenza ezintsha. Kufana nebhakethi enomngxuma kuyo kwaye iqala ukuvuza amanzi.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Cold Agglutinin Disease'?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Kuphela ngumntu omnye kwabayi-100,000 ofunyaniswa enesifo minyaka le. Sixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-80. Nangona kunjalo, elona nani liphezulu labantu abafunyaniswa benaso sisifo kubantu abakwiminyaka yabo ephakathi kwama-60.

I-'Cold Agglutinin Disease' iyichaphazela njani umzimba wam?

Esi sifo sinokubangela ukuba ube neempawu ze-anemia. I-anemia ibangelwa kukungabi naziseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo emzimbeni. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, le meko inokuba yeyokungapheliyo okanye yexeshana elifutshane . Kwakhona, iziphumo emzimbeni zingahluka ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kweyona inzima .

Umzekelo, ukuba i-CAD ayinzima kangako, iimpawu zinokubonakala kancinci kakhulu. Kungathatha iminyaka ukuba imeko ifunyaniswe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-CAD inokukhokelela kwiimeko zentliziyo ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi.Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oko kuya kwenzeka.

Igama lesi sifo linegama elithi "cold". Ngenxa yoko, ezi mpawu zivakala kakhulu kwiindawo ezinemozulu ebandayo okanye ngeentsuku ezibandayo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo seCold Agglutinin?

Iimpawu ze-CAD zihlala zinxulumene ne-anemia kunye nokuhamba kwegazi okungalunganga emzimbeni wonke. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (Ukudinwa) : Akupheleli nje ekudinweni, kodwa kukuziva ungenabomi.
• Ubuthathaka : Umzimba uba buthathaka kangangokuba awukwazi ukwenza nantoni na.
• Ukudinwa : Ukuziva ngathi ujikeleza.
• Ukubila : Ukubila ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) : Ubunzima bokuphefumla nokuba usebenzisa amandla amancinci.
• Ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo (i-tachycardia) : Ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ulusu luphelelwa ligazi kwaye luba mhlophe.
• Iminwe, iinzwane, neendlebe zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa zibekwe emakhazeni (into kaRaynaud) : Xa usiya kwindawo ebandayo efana neNuwara Eliya, okanye xa uchukumisa amanzi abandayo, iminwe, iinzwane, neendlebe zakho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngamanye amaxesha zibe mhlophe. Oku kusenokuhamba nokungaziva.

Usenokuba neempawu ze-jaundice . Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalalisiwe, zikhupha into etyheli ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin. Xa le bilirubin iqokelelana emzimbeni, kuvela i-jaundice. Iimpawu ze-jaundice ziquka:

• Umchamo omdaka omnyama.
• Dlula, amhlophe emehlweni kunye nee-irises zimthubi.

Zithini izizathu zesifo seCold Agglutinin?

Isifo seCold Agglutinin luhlobo lwe-autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zethu. Kwi-CAD, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenza ngenxa yeemeko ezibandayo kwaye ivelisa i-autoantibody "ephawula" iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuze izitshabalalise. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphawulweyo zinamathelana kwaye zihlangana (i-agglutinate). Iiseli ezihlanganisiweyo zinokubanjwa kwaye zitshatyalaliswe ngokulula yenye inxalenye yenkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-macrophages.

Le nkqubo iqala xa ubushushu buhla ngaphantsi kwe-3-4 degrees Celsius (37-39 degrees Fahrenheit). Cinga ukuba ubushushu bomzimba wethu obuqhelekileyo bumalunga ne-37 degrees Celsius. Le ngxaki iqala xa sijongene nobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu kunobo.

I-CAD iphazamisa ishedyuli eqhelekileyo yokuba imizimba yethu yenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, iseli ebomvu yegazi iphila malunga neentsuku ezili-120. Ngeli xesha, umongo wethu wethambo unokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha ukuze zithathe indawo yezo zifayo. Kodwa kwi-CAD, lo mjikelo uyaphazamiseka.

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni inkqubo yethu yomzimba ihlasela iiseli ezisempilweni.Ngamanye amaxesha i-CAD inokubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango engaphantsi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'secondary CAD'. Ukuba akukho nxu lumano olunjalo lufumanekayo, oko kuthetha ukuba i-CAD ikhula ngaphandle kwesizathu, ibizwa ngokuba yi-'primary CAD' okanye i-'idiopathic CAD'.

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokunxulunyaniswa `neCold Agglutinin Disease`?

I-CAD yesibini idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezifo, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, kunye neengxaki ze-lymphoproliferative. Umzekelo:

• `I-mononucleosis esulelayo` (umkhuhlane wendlala)
• I-Mycoplasma pneumonia
• `I-Cytomegalovirus`
• I-Lupus
• Irheumatoid arthritis
• `I-lymphoma engeyiyo iHodgkin`
• I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-lymphocytic
• ``I-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia''

La magama asenokubonakala edida kancinci kuwe, kodwa la ngamagama athile asetyenziswa ngoogqirha, ngoko ke kulungile ukuba uwazi.

Ungasixilonga njani isifo seCold Agglutinin? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze ahlole imbali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko, baya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo ukujonga ukuba unayo na i-hemolytic anemia kwaye ukuba unayo na i-autoantibodies enxulumene ne-CAD.

Uvavanyo lwegazi olusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hemolytic anemia zezi:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) : Oku kunika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Kunokujonga ukuba zingaphi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi onazo, ukuba zinkulu kangakanani, kunye nenqanaba le-hemoglobin yakho. I-Hemoglobin yiproteni ebaluleke kakhulu enceda iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zithwale ioksijini.
• `Inani lee-reticulocyte` : Oku kulinganisa inani lee-reticulocytes ezingekavuthwa emzimbeni wakho. Xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa ii-reticulocytes ezingekavuthwa, umzimba uzama ukwenza ezinye zezi-reticulocytes njengendlela yokubuyisela.
• Uvavanyo lwamanqanaba e-serum : Amanqanaba aphezulu e-`lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)` kunye ne-`bilirubin` egazini, kunye namanqanaba aphantsi e-`haptoglobin` ziimpawu ze-`hemolytic anemia`.

Emva koko, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-CAD yimbangela ye-hemolytic anemia yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ukuba kukho ii-autoantibodies ezihlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Uvavanyo olwenziwayo koku zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Direct Coombs (DAT) : Olu vavanyo lujonga ubukho bee-autoantibodies ezinxulumene ne-CAD. Kuvavanyo, iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zahlulwe kusele igazi lakho zize zibekwe kwindawo elawulwayo. Emva koko kongezwa isisombululo esikhethekileyo. Ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinamathelana nesisombululo kwaye zidibene (i-agglutinate), uvavanyo lubonakala lukhona, oko kuthetha ukuba i-autoantibodies ikhona.
• `Uvavanyo lwe-Cold agglutinin titer`Olu vavanyo lulinganisa uxinaniso, okanye ubungakanani, bezi `autoantibodies' egazini lakho. Uxinaniso oluphezulu lwezi `autoantibodies' luphawu lwe-CAD.

Nje ukuba uxilongo lwakho luqinisekisiwe, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga kwakhona ukuba i-CAD yakho inxulumene na nesifo esingaphantsi (`i-CAD yesibini`).

Iphathwa njani i-'Cold Agglutinin Disease'?

Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu zakho, unyango lunokubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, amayeza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha utofelo-gazi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo .

• Indlela yokuphila : Ukuba une-CAD, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba uphephe amaqondo obushushu abandayo . Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kufuneka wenze izinto ezinje ngokunxiba iimpahla ezifudumeleyo, uphephe ukuhlamba ngamanzi abandayo, kwaye unciphise uhambo lwakho kwiindawo ezibandayo.
• Amayeza : Amayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ukunyanga i-CAD yi -`Rituximab` . Oku kusebenza ngokuthintela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekwenzeni 'ii-autoantibodies' ezihlasela iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Iyeza elitsha elibizwa ngokuba yi -`Sutimlimab` nalo livunyiwe kutshanje. Oku kusebenza ngokuthintela ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekuhlaseleni iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
• Utofelo-gazi kunye notshintsho lweplasma : Ukuba i-CAD yakho iba yingxamiseko, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukukunika utofelo-gazi okanye utshintsho lweplasma ukuze uzinzise imeko yakho. Utshintsho lweplasma lusebenza ngokunciphisa inani lee-autoantibodies egazini lakho.

Ukuba une-'CAD yesibini', ugqirha wakho uya kunyanga nesi sifo singundoqo.

Ngaba i-CAD ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, iCold Agglutinin Disease ayisosifo esinokuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ungazilawula iimpawu kwaye uphile ubomi obuhle.

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani ne-'Cold Agglutinin Disease'?

Abantu abafunyaniswe bene-CAD badla ngokuphila ixesha elide njengabantu abaneminyaka yabo abangenayo i-CAD. Ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje, abantu abafunyaniswe bene-CAD xa beneminyaka engama-68 ubudala banokulindela ukuphila bade bafikelele kwiminyaka yabo engama-80, ngokomyinge. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngonyango olufanelekileyo nolawulo, ungalindela ukuphila ubomi obuhle.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ufunyaniswa une-CAD, kulungile ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba i-CAD yam inxulumene nesifo esisisiseko?
• Ziziphi iimpawu eziya kundinceda ndiqonde ukuba imeko yam iya isiba ngcono okanye imbi?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndiqhubeke ndithatha amayeza ngenxa yesi sifo?
• Yeyiphi imeko-bume efanelekileyo yokuhlala umntu one-CAD?
• Ngawaphi amazinga obushushu endifanele ndiwaphephe ukuze ndilawule iimpawu zam?

Amava akho ngeCold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) axhomekeke ekubeni sisifo esiphambili ('esiphambili') okanye esesibini ('esisezantsi'). Ubunzima beempawu zakho buya kuchaphazela nendlela ofuna unyango ngayo ngamandla. Ngokunyanga imeko engundoqo, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukunyanga i-CAD yakho. Nokuba une-CAD yexesha elide, ungazilawula iimpawu zakho ze-anemia kwaye uhlale uphilile ngokuphepha umkhuhlane kunye nokuthatha amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kwizinto esizithethileyo (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

• Isifo seCold Agglutinin (CAD) sisifo esingaqhelekanga apho amajoni ethu omzimba ahlasela iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi aze aqhutyelwe phambili ngumkhuhlane.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya iintlungu zamalungu, ukudinwa kakhulu, ulusu oluphaphathekileyo, iminwe ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa kubanda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-jaundice .
• Oku kungaba `okuphambili` (okungabangelwanga) okanye `okungasemva` (okubangelwa sisifo esithile).
• Kukho uvavanyo lwegazi oluza kuchongwa.
• Unyango lunokubandakanya ukuphepha umkhuhlane, amayeza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha utofelo-gazi.
• Nangona oku kungenakuthintelwa, ngolawulo olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obuhle.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Okukhona uyibona ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kulula ukuyinyanga.

Khumbula, eli nqaku lenzelwe ulwazi kuphela. Ukuba uneempawu ezithile, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Isifo seCold Agglutinin, i-CAD, i-anemia, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, i-cold, i-autoimmune, i-hemolytic anemia, isifo segazi