Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza weColon weSigaba sesi-4?

Kunzima ukuchaza uloyiko kunye nokothuka okuza nokuxilongwa komhlaza weSigaba sesi-4. Kuqhelekile ukuzibuza, "Ingaba konke kuphelile ngoku?" Kodwa mandikuxelele, akuphelanga. Isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu. Kwanakweli nqanaba, kukho unyango oluninzi olunokukunceda uphile ixesha elide, ulawule iimpawu zakho, kwaye uhlale usempilweni. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni 'iSigaba IV'?

Ngamafutshane, iSigaba sesi-4 sithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwekholoni , apho waqala khona. Oku kudla ngokusasazeka esibindini . Ungasasazeka uye emiphungeni, kwimibhobho yesisu, okanye kwi-lymph nodes kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Kunokuba nzima ukufumana unyango olupheleleyo kweli nqanaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezimbalwa kuphela, ngamanye amaxesha utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe ngokupheleleyo ezo ndawo kwaye kunyangwe isifo. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ochwephesha ekunyangeni olu hlobo lwesifo. Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nendawo yomhlaza, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo:

• Utyando
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali
• Unyango ngemitha
• Ukususwa kwesisu kunye ne-cryotherapy
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

Rhoqo, unikwa unyango olungaphezu kolunye, okanye indibaniselwano yezinye.

Kwenziwa ntoni ngotyando?

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke esibindini okanye emiphungeni yakho, utyando lunokwenziwa ngamanye amaxesha. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ukuba umhlaza unqongophele, utyando lunokuwususa kwaye ungachacha ngokupheleleyo . Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza, ezinje ngeentlungu kunye nokuvaleka kwamathumbu.

Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha ususa inxalenye yamathumbu amakhulu, isibindi, okanye imiphunga apho umhlaza ukhoyo khona. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-lymph nodes ezijikeleze wona ziyasuswa. Oku kungenxa yokuba iiseli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ngokulula kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngezi lymph nodes.

Emva kokususa inxalenye yomhlaza yekholoni, ugqirha uza kuphinda adibanise iziphelo ezimbini zekholoni eseleyo. Emva koko ungenza intshukumo yamathumbu ngokuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba olu nxibelelwano alunakwenzeka, unokufuna i-colostomy . Oku kubandakanya ukudibanisa elinye icala lekholoni nomngxuma owenziwe eluswini lwesisu. Indle iphuma ngaloo mngxuma. Indle iqokelelwa kwisingxobo esinamathele kuso.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba inxalenye enkulu yekholoni isusiwe, isiphelo samathumbu amancinci siqhagamshelwe kulusu lwesisu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ileostomy . Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho iintlungu emva kotyando. Usenokuba nesifo sorhudo okanye ukuqhinwa. Ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziya kuphela emva kwexesha elithile.

Ukuba amathumbu avalwe ngumhlaza, umbhobho omncinci obizwa ngokuba yi- stent ungafakwa ukuze uhlale uvulekile.

Yintoni i-chemotherapy?

I-Chemotherapy, okanye 'i-chemo' njengoko siyibiza njalo, luhlobo olunamandla lwamayeza anikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Eli yeza lingasetyenziswa ngemithambo yegazi okanye njengepilisi.

I-chemotherapy inikezelwa ngeendlela ezininzi eziphambili:

• Ngaphambi kotyando, iithumba ezinomhlaza zingancitshiswa ukuze kube lula ukuzisusa.
• Emva kotyando, tshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emzimbeni.
• Njengonyango oluphambili kwabo bangenakukwazi ukwenza utyando.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza e-chemo anikwa umhlaza wamathumbu wesigaba sesi-4. Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza angaphezu kwelinye anikwa ngokudibeneyo. Kwakhona, i-chemo inikwa ngokudibeneyo 'nonyango olujoliswe kulo', esiza kuthetha ngalo kamva.

Into enye abantu abaninzi abayoyikayo xa besiva nge-chemo kukulahlekelwa ziinwele zabo. Nangona kunjalo,I-chemotherapy yomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu ayisoloko ibangela ukulahleka kweenwele. Musa ukoyika ngezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga. Ugqirha wakho angakunceda uzilawule aze azenze zikhululeke ngakumbi. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga ziya kuphela kancinci kancinci xa unyango lwakho luphelile.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke esibindini, i-chemotherapy inganikwa kusetyenziswa indlela ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi- "hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy." Oku kubandakanya ukufaka i-chemotherapy ngqo kumthambo wegazi ophambili ohambisa igazi esibindini kusetyenziswa ipompo. Ngenxa yokuba iyeza liya ngqo esibindini endaweni yokuhamba emzimbeni wonke, le ndlela inokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye inike idosi ephezulu yeyeza.

Unyango lwemisebe kunye nezinye iindlela

Unyango lweMisebe

Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona olu nyango lungenakwenzeka ukuba luyinyange ngokupheleleyo i-stage 4 cancer, lunokunceda ukunciphisa i-tumor kwaye lunciphise iimpawu ezifana neentlungu . Olu nyango luhlala lunikwa iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki kangangeeveki ezininzi.

Ukususwa kwesisu kunye neCryotherapy

Zombini ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ezisasazeke esibindini. I-Ablation isebenzisa ubushushu , ngelixa i-cryotherapy isebenzisa ukubanda kakhulu . Esebenzisa i-CT okanye i-ultrasound scan, ugqirha uthumela isixhobo esincinci esifana nenaliti kwithumba aze alifudumale okanye aliqandise ukuze atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.

Unyango olujolise kuko kunye ne-Immunotherapy - Unyango oluphezulu

Ezi zezona ndlela zimbini zintsha neziphumelelayo kunyango lomhlaza.

Unyango olujoliswe kulo

Ngamafutshane, la mayeza ajolise ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza. Athintela izinto ezifunekayo kwiiseli zomhlaza ukuze zikhule kwaye zisasazeke. Oku akubangeli monakalo mkhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo.

• Amayeza okulwa ne-angiogenesis: La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha eyondla umhlaza. Kufana nokuthintela umhlaza ekutyeni. I-Bevacizumab (Avastin) kunye neRamucirumab (Cyramza) zezona ziyobisi.
• Izithinteli ze-EGFR: Amayeza afana neCetuximab (Erbitux) kunye nePanitumumab (Vectibix) avimba iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-EGFR enceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze la mayeza asebenze, umhlaza kufuneka ube notshintsho kwiijini ezithile (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF). Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya ukuze abone ukuba la mayeza afanelekile na kuwe.
• Amanye amayeza: Amayeza anamhlanje afana ne-Encorafenib (Braftovi) kunye ne-Entrectinib (Rozlytrek) nawo ayafumaneka namhlanje, ejolise kumhlaza oneziguqu ezithile zemfuza ezifana ne-BRAF, NTRK, kunye ne-RET.

Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

Olu lunyango olumangalisayo kakhulu. Into oyenzayo apha kukuvuselela amajoni omzimba wakho kwaye uyisebenzisele ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza.

Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ineeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-PD-1 ezisebenza njengeebhuleki. Iiseli zomhlaza zisebenzisa ezi bhuleki ukuphepha inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba. Amayeza okuthintela ukukhuselwa komzimba afana neNivolumab (Opdivo) kunye nePembrolizumab (Keytruda) asebenza ngokucima ezi bhuleki. Oku kuvumela inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ukuba ikwazi ukubona nokuhlasela umhlaza.

Isicwangciso sakho sonyango

Uhlobo lonyango olufumanayo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza isicwangciso sonyango esikhethekileyo kuwe, eqwalasela izinto ezifana nokuba umhlaza usasazeke phi, ubudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye neempawu zemfuza zomhlaza.

Unokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezivavanya amayeza amatsha kunye nonyango kwihlabathi liphela. Eli lithuba elihle lokuzama unyango olutsha. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.