Kwenzeka ntoni kumntwana ukuba ufumana i-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa? Masiqaphele i-Congenital Rubella Syndrome!

Njengomama oza kuzalwa, ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uloyiko kwaye uxhalabile nokuba ungenwe ngumkhuhlane? Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Kuba ucinga kakhulu ngomntwana wakho othandekayo osesiswini sakho. Yiyo loo nto, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela enokuchaphazela ngayo umntwana osesiswini ukuba umama ufumana i-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kubizwa ngoogqirha ngokuba yiCongenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) . Nangona eli gama lide kancinci, masiliqonde ngokulula.

Yintoni iCongenital Rubella Syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, i-congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) liqela leengxaki zempilo ezenzeka kwiintsana xa umama okhulelweyo enesifo se-rubella (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-German measles). Igama elithi "congenital" apha lithetha "ukubakho ngexesha lokuzalwa."

Xa intsholongwane yerubella ingena emzimbeni womntwana, inokuchaphazela uphuhliso lomntwana ongekazalwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziphumo zinokubangela iingxaki nasemva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Umzekelo, i-cataracts okanye isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Ubunzima be-CRS bunokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, imeko iba mandundu ngakumbi ukuba umama ufumana irubella kwangethuba ekukhulelweni, ingakumbi ngaphambi kweeveki ezili-13.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Kumazwe afana neMelika, ukwanda kwesifo se-rubella esizalwa naso (CRS) kuphantsi kakhulu kuba isitofu sokugonya se-rubella sisetyenziswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinto exhalabisayo ukuba, ukuba sijonga kwihlabathi liphela , malunga ne-100,000 yeemeko ze-CRS zixelwa minyaka le. Nakwilizwe lethu, isitofu sokugonya se-rubella sifakiwe kwinkqubo yokugonya yesizwe, ngoko ke le meko ilawulwa. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi lubaluleke kakhulu.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-congenital rubella syndrome?

Iimpawu kunye nobunzima besi simo se-CRS zinokwahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili. Xa umama ekhulelwe kwangethuba esuleleka yi-rubella, kokukhona umntwana enokuba neempawu ezinzima. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba imeko ye-CRS ayinzima, kusenokungabikho zimpawu zicacileyo ekuzalweni.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu zokuqala ezinokubonakala kwangoko emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe:

• Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona amabala angqukuva aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye amabala abomvu eluswini lomntwana wakho. Abanye abantu bakubiza oku ngokuthi "yi-blueberry muffin rash" kuba kubonakala ngathi ngamabala akwi-blueberry muffin.
• Amabala amfusa, abomvu, okanye amdaka kunye namabala eluswini (iPurpura).
• Intloko yomntwana incinci kuneqhelekileyo (iMicrocephaly).

Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezinokuvela emva nje kokuba umntwana ezelwe:

• Iingxaki zokuzalwa kunye noxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu (iGlaucoma).
• Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi. Umzekelo, imingxunya ephakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo (Ventricular Septal Defects, Atrial Septal Defects), iingxaki zemithambo yegazi entliziyweni (Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenosis) njl. Oogqirha baza kukuchazela ezi nkcukacha zithe vetshe.
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula: Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana ukhawuleza ukukhasa, ukuhlala, ukuhamba, nokuthetha, njengoko kufanelekile ngokweminyaka yakhe.
• Ukwanda kwesibindi okanye ipleyini (iHepatosplenomegaly).
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokufikelela ekubeni sisithulu ngokupheleleyo.
• I-hemolytic anemia ibangelwa kukwaphuka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga.
• Ukudumba kwengqondo kunye ne-meninges (i-Meningoencephalitis).
• I-Pigmentary Retinopathy.
• Izifo zamathambo.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.

Kubalulekile: Iintsana ezizelwe zineCongenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) zisengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-insulin kunye nesifo se-thyroid kamva ebomini.

Yintoni isizathu soku?

Eyona nto ibangela i-rubella syndrome (CRS) kuxa ufumana i-rubella ngelixa ukhulelwe. Intsholongwane ye-rubella isuka kumama idlule kwi-placenta ize yosulele umntwana esibelekweni. Le ntsholongwane ingonakalisa iiseli zomntwana ongekazalwa kwaye ichaphazele uphuhliso lwamalungu ahlukeneyo kumntwana. Yiyo loo nto kukho iingxaki zempilo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni.

Khawucinge ukuba le ngozi ibukeka njani:

• Ukuba umama ufumana i-rubella kwiiveki ezili-12 zokuqala zokukhulelwa , i-CRS inokuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-85% yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Ukuba isulelekile phakathi kweeveki ezili-13 neli-16 zokukhulelwa , inokuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwi -50% yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Ukuba isulelekile kwisiqingatha sesibini sekota yesibini , inokuchaphazela malunga ne- 25% yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.

I-Rubella sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(RuV)`. Uphawu oluphambili kukurhawuzelelwa okubomvu okuhlala kuqala ebusweni kusasazeka emzimbeni wonke. Oku akuxhaphakanga ngoku kumazwe amaninzi ngenxa yokugonywa. Nangona kunjalo, i-rubella isakho kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.

Ngaba iintsana ezine-CRS zingasasaza esi sifo?

Ewe, oko kubalulekile. Oogqirha bacinga ukuba umntwana one-rubella syndrome yokuzalwa uyosulela ubuncinane unyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana uneenyanga ezi-3 ubudala kwaye uvavanyo lwe-rubella ezimbini, emva kwenyanga enye, lubuya `lungenayo` (oko kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane ayikho), ngoko ke akasosuleli. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuthathwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukukhusela abanye ngelo xesha.

Uyibona njani le meko ye-CRS?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga i-rubella syndrome yokuzalwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa: Kumazwe amaninzi, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuvavanya i-rubella kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Baza kukuchazela umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe ne-CRS.
• Ukuxilongwa kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukuba ufumana i-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo oluthile olukhethekileyo ukuze abone ukuba intsholongwane isasazeke na kusana lwakho. Umzekelo, i-amniocentesis, i-chorionic villus sampling, kunye ne-fetal blood sampling. Olu luvavanyo olunzima ngakumbi, kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kulwenza kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.
• Ukuxilongwa emva kokuzalwa komntwana: Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, uvavanyo lwegazi (uvavanyo lwe-ELISA) lunokwenziwa ukujonga ii-antibodies zentsholongwane ye-rubella egazini lomntwana. Isampuli yomchamo, isampuli yamathe, okanye i-nasal swab nazo zingavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umntwana unayo na intsholongwane ye-rubella. Ugqirha unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo ukuba umama uyaziwa ukuba wayenayo i-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye ukuba umntwana ubonisa iimpawu ze-CRS.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uqinisekisiwe ukuba une-rubella, iqela lezonyango liza kucebisa uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yomntwana iyonke kunye nokufumanisa ukuba zeziphi ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangelwa yi-CRS.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango okanye unyango oluthe ngqo lwe-congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Kwakhona, ezinye zeziphumo, ezifana nokulahlekelwa kukuva kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, zihlala ixesha elide, oko kuthetha ukuba zihlala ubomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu, ezifana ne-hemolytic anemia kunye ne-interstitial pneumonia, zinokulawulwa okanye zinyangwe. Ezinye izifo zentliziyo zinokunyangwa ngotyando.

Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho liza kuyila isicwangciso esithile sonyango ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu neemfuno zomntwana wakho. Oku kungadinga uncedo lweengcali ezininzi.

Ukuba umntwana wam une-CRS, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

I-Congenital rubella syndrome ayichaphazeli umntwana ngamnye ngendlela efanayo, kwaye ubunzima bayo bungahluka. Kuya kuthatha iimvavanyo ezininzi kunye novavanyo ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-CRS imchaphazele kangakanani umntwana wakho. Inokuba yinkqubo ethatha ixesha. Kodwa awuwedwa kolu hambo. Iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho liya kuba nawe inyathelo ngalinye, lichaza ukuba yintoni i-CRS kunye nendlela eza kuyichaphazela ngayo ikamva lomntwana wakho kunye nosapho lwakho.

Ndingayithintela le meko ye-CRS?

Ewe! Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. I-Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) yimeko enokuthintelwa kakhulu!

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oku kukugonyelwa intsholongwane yerubella ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Oko kuthetha ukufumana isitofu serubella.

ESri Lanka, sinika abantwana ugonyo lwe-MMR, olukhusela kwi-masisi, i-mumps kunye ne-rubella. Udosi wokuqala udla ngokunikezelwa phakathi kweenyanga ezili-9-12 ubudala kunye nodosi wesibini xa beneminyaka emi-3 ubudala (la maxesha anokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwishedyuli yokugonywa kazwelonke, ngoko ke jongana negosa lezempilo lendawo ohlala kuyo).

Ukuba awuzange ufumane isitofu usengumntwana, okanye ukuba awuqinisekanga ngaso, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokusifumana ngoku. Ukuba ufumana isitofu usemdala, khumbula ukuphepha ukukhulelwa iintsuku ezingama-28 (malunga nenyanga) emva kokufumana isitofu. Eli licebiso elibaluleke kakhulu.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam one-CRS?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiingxaki zempilo umntwana wakho anazo nge-CRS, unokufuna unyango oluqhubekayo kunye nonyango njengoko ekhula. Kubalulekile ukuba umkhuthaze umntwana wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso ayidingayo. Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho aphile ubomi obungcono kangangoko.

I-Congenital rubella syndrome yimeko enokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yomntwana. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba inokuthintelwa kakhulu nge-rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine). Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, bonana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuselekile kwi-rubella nakwezinye izifo ezosulelayo. Iluncedo kakhulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) yimeko enzima enokwenzeka kusana ukuba umama okhulelweyo une-rubella.
• Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntwana abe neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo (amehlo, iindlebe, intliziyo, ubuchopho) ukususela ekuzalweni.
• Into ebalulekileyo kukuba oku kungathintelwa kakhulu ngogonyo lwe-MMR.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe umntwana, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhuselekile na kwi-rubella ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe . Gonyelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukuba ufumana ugonyo lwe-MMR, kuphephe ukukhulelwa ubuncinane inyanga yonke.
• Ukuba sele ukhulelwe kwaye ukrokrela ukuba une-rubella, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Usapho olusempilweni lolona lonwabo lukhulu!

Isifo seRubella yokuzalwa, i-CRS, iRubella, iMeasles yaseJamani, ukukhulelwa, ugonyo lweRubella, ugonyo lweMMR, Impilo yabantwana, Izifo zokuzalwa