Ithumba elincinci ngaphakathi entlokweni? Masifunde nge-craniopharyngioma ngokulula!

Ngaba wakha weva ngethumba elingaqhelekanga elikhula ngaphakathi entloko, okanye engqondweni, kufutshane nedlala elincinci kodwa elibaluleke kakhulu - i-pituitary gland ? Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-craniopharyngioma. Enyanisweni linqabile, oko kuthetha ukuba asisosifo esichaphazela wonke umntu. Kodwa eli thumba lincinci linokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekuboneni kwakho nakwinkqubo yakho ye-endocrine . Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe namhlanje, kulungile?

Yintoni i-craniopharyngioma?

Ngamafutshane, i-craniopharyngioma sisimila esingaqhelekanga, esingengomhlaza (esingenobungozi). Sikhula kufutshane ne-pituitary gland yakho. Isimila sikhula kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuchaphazela imithambo-luvo yakho yentloko , ingakumbi imithambo-luvo edibana nombono wakho. Sinokuchaphazela nenkqubo yakho ye-endocrine, elawula iihomoni emzimbeni wakho.

Unyango oluphambili loku lutyando kunye nonyango lwemitha . Ngamanye amaxesha, i-chemotherapy ikwasetyenziswa nakwihlobo oluthile lwethumba, uhlobo lwe-papillary.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abantu abangaphezu kwama-90% abanale thumba baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba bexilongiwe. Nangona kunjalo, le thumba ithathwa njengesifo esingapheliyo . Kuba unyango alusoloko lunyanga ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yile thumba, kwaye olu hlobo lwethumba lunokuphinda lubuye.

Ngubani ofumana i-craniopharyngioma?

Unyaka ngamnye, malunga nabantu ababini kwisigidi bahlakulela enye yeentlobo ezimbini ze-craniopharyngioma: i-adamantinomatous kunye ne -papillary . Zixhaphake kakhulu kumaqela amabini eminyaka:

• Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-14 ubudala
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-74 ubudala

Nangona uhlobo lwe-adamantinomatous lunokukhula kubantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, uhlobo lwe-papillary lubonakala kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Ingakanani ingozi ye-craniopharyngioma?

Enyanisweni, i-craniopharyngioma yimeko enzima kakhulu yezonyango. Ingadinga unyango lobomi bonke. Malunga nesiqingatha seethumba ezisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando ziya kubuya emva kwexesha elithile. Ezinye zeengxaki zempilo ezibangelwa zezi thumba zinokuqhubeka nokuba sele isusiwe ithumba.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweCraniopharyngioma kunye nePituitary Adenoma?

Zombini ezi zinto zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-hormone.I-pituitary adenoma luhlobo lwethumba elikhula kwi-pituitary gland yakho. Nangona kunjalo, i-craniopharyngioma ikhula kufutshane ne-gland. Nangona zombini ezi ntlobo zethumba zingenabungozi, i-craniopharyngioma idla ngokuba nolaka ngakumbi kune-pituitary adenoma.

Zithini iimpawu zeCraniopharyngioma?

Iimpawu zeCraniopharyngioma zinxulumene neemeko ezenzeka xa kukho into echaphazela i-pituitary gland yakho okanye yomntwana wakho, i-hypothalamus gland, imithambo-luvo yamehlo kunye nengqondo.

• Kubantwana: Oku kunokuchaphazela ukukhula nophuhliso lwabantwana. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi ebantwaneni kunakwabantu abadala abane-craniopharyngioma.
• Kubantwana nakubantu abadala: Ukubona kunokuchaphazeleka. Ngokukodwa, ukubona okusecaleni kunokuncipha.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zinokufana nezezinye izifo, kunokuba nzima koogqirha ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukuba ezi mpawu zibangelwa yile thumba.

Iimeko ezibangelwa luxinzelelo kwi-pituitary gland

I-pituitary gland yakho okanye yomntwana wakho ilawula imisebenzi emininzi yehomoni yomzimba. Xa i-craniopharyngioma icinezela le gland, ezi meko zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Ukunqongophala kweHormone yoKhula (GH): Oku kunokubangela ukukhula okungalindelekanga ebantwaneni. Kubantu abadala, ukunqongophala kweGH kunokubangela ubuthathaka, i-osteoporosis ( ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo), ukuncipha kwamandla emisipha, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol ye-LDL, kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
• Ukunqongophala kweGonadotropin: Abantu abanale meko banokufikisa emva kwexesha elide. Abafazi banokuyeka ukuya exesheni, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -amenorrhea .
• Ukunqongophala kwe-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Oku kunokubangela ubuthathaka kunye nokudinwa. Kunokubangela nokuncipha kobunzima, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ubuthathaka bemisipha, isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi ( hypotension ).
• Ukunqongophala kweHormone ekhuthaza iThyroid (TSH): Abantu abaneTSH ephantsi banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa, ukuya exesheni okungaqhelekanga, kunye nokulibala.
• I-Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Le meko ibonakaliswa kukunxanwa kakhulu ( i-polydipsia ) kunye nokuchama rhoqo ( i-polyuria).Abantu abane-CDI banokuba neemeko ezifana nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni , ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo, umkhuhlane, ulusu olomileyo kunye ne-mucous membranes, ukudideka, kunye nokuxhuzula.

Iimeko ezibangelwa luxinzelelo kwi-hypothalamus

I-hypothalamus yakho okanye yomntwana wakho ilawula iinkqubo zomzimba ezifana neemvakalelo, indlala nonxano, iindlela zokulala, kunye nezenzo zesondo. Xa i-craniopharyngioma tumor icinezela kwi-hypothalamus, ezi meko zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu okubangelwa yi-hypothalamic: Oku kubhekisa ekutyebeni kakhulu okwenzeka nangona kukho ukunqongophala kweekhalori, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokulawula ukutya.
• Isifo sikaFroehlich: Abantu abanale meko baziva belambile nokuba batya kangakanani na, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutyebeni kakhulu. Abantwana abane-Froehlich's syndrome banokukhula kancinci kunabanye abantwana. Abanye abantwana banokuba nombono ombi kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Isifo sokungalali kakuhle iiyure ezingama-24: Esi sisifo sokungalali kakuhle esibangela ukuba abantu bangakwazi ukulandela ishedyuli yokulala eqhelekileyo. Abanye abantu banokuba nobunzima obukhulu bokungalali ngokwaneleyo .

Le thumba iyichaphazela njani indlela obona ngayo wena okanye umntwana wakho?

Ii-tumor ze-craniopharyngioma zihlala zikhula kufutshane kakhulu nemithambo-luvo yakho okanye yomntwana wakho. Xa le mithambo-luvo icinezelwe, inokubangela ukubona okufipheleyo okanye iingxaki zokubona okungaphandle.

Yintoni ebangela i-craniopharyngioma?

Abaphandi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela oku, kodwa bakholelwa ukuba la mathumba aphuma kwiiseli ezinceda ekwenzeni i-pituitary gland yakho okanye yomntwana wakho. Ngesizathu esithile, la maseli aba yinto engaqhelekanga, aphindaphindeke, aze akhule.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-Craniopharyngioma?

Ukuba uxilongwa olu hlobo lwethumba, ugqirha wakho unokubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye nophuhliso lomzimba. Ukuba umntwana wakho uxilongwa, banokubuza malunga nophuhliso lomzimba wakhe, uphuhliso lwengqondo, umbono wakhe, kunye nokuba uziva enxaniwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye ufuna ukuchama rhoqo.

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluqhutywayo?

Oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo olufana nolu:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu lulinganisa amanqanaba athile eehomoni.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Ukuhlola iingxaki zezintso.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Uthotho lwee-X-ray kunye nekhompyutha zisetyenziselwa ukwenza imifanekiso ye-three-dimensional (3D) yezicubu ezithambileyo kunye namathambo.
• Iskeni se-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance - i-MRI):Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yamalungu omzimba kunye nezakhiwo zawo.
• I-Biopsy: Oogqirha benza i-biopsy (bathatha isampuli yezicubu) baze bahlole iiseli, ulwelo, izicwili, okanye ukukhula kwazo nge-microscope.

Ngaba i-Craniopharyngioma inganyangwa?

I-Craniopharyngioma idla ngonyango ngotyando lobuchopho . Oku kungenziwa kusetyenziswa ikhamera encinci (i-scope) efakwe ngempumlo, okanye ngokwenza umngxuma omncinci entloko ( i-craniotomy ). Injongo yotyando kukususa uninzi lwethumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngelixa kunciphisa umonakalo kwi-pituitary gland, i-hypothalamus, okanye i-optic nerves. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufuna ukuthatha amayeza e-hormone emva kotyando. Ukongeza, unyango lwe-radiation lungacetyiswa emva kotyando ukuba ithumba alinakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngokukhuselekileyo.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zotyando?

Utyando lweCraniopharyngioma lunzima kakhulu. Okokuqala, kuba la mathumba akhula kufutshane nemithambo-luvo ebuthathaka kakhulu kunye ne-pituitary gland, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuwenzakalisa. Okwesibini, ukususa i-craniopharyngioma kufana nokususa isitika kwimvulophu ngaphandle kokonakalisa i-mvulophu. Oku kungenxa yokuba la mathumba anamathele kakhulu kwi-pituitary gland kunye nemithambo-luvo edibana nombono. Abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba utyando lokususa la mathumba lunokubangela ingozi efana ne-tumor ngokwayo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda kwangaphambili ukuba yintoni injongo yotyando kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzilindela.

Ngaba i-Craniopharyngioma ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, la mathumba awanakuthintelwa. Avela ngenxa yotshintsho kwiiseli ezenzeka ngexesha lokukhula komzimba wakho okanye womntwana wakho.

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani neCraniopharyngioma?

Abantu abaninzi baphila iminyaka emininzi emva konyango. Kodwa ezi thumba zinokuphinda zibuye. Lilonke, malunga ne-17% yeethumba ezisuswe ngokupheleleyo ngotyando ziya kubuya. Eli nani linyuka liye kuma-25% ukuya kuma-63% kwiithumba ezisuswe kancinci. Uninzi lwee-craniopharyngiomas ezibuyayo ziya kubuya kwiminyaka emithathu emva kotyando.

Abanye oogqirha bacinga ukuba i-craniopharyngioma yimeko engapheliyo efuna unyango olude kunye nokubekwa esweni. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Wena okanye umntwana wakho usenokufuna olunye utyando ukuze kususwe ithumba eliphinda libuye.
• Ukuba wena okanye i-pituitary gland yomntwana wakho okanye i-hypothalamus ichatshazelwe sisimila okanye utyando, unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni lunokufuneka.
• Abantwana abaninzi abanesifo sokutyeba kakhulu ngenxa ye-hypothalamic okubangelwa yi-tumor basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sokutyeba kakhulu ngenxa ye-hypothalamic, uya kufuna inkxaso kunye nesikhokelo ukunceda umntwana wakho ukuba enze ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokutya kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.

Ndifanele/umntwana wam aye nini kugqirha?

Wena okanye umntwana wakho kuya kufuneka niphile ne-craniopharyngioma iminyaka emininzi. Ezi thumba zinokukhula kwakhona, kwaye unyango lusenokungazisusi ngokupheleleyo zonke iimpawu. Cinga ngezi zinto xa ucwangcisa ukhathalelo lomntwana wakho/wakho:

• Ufanele ubone ugqirha wakho minyaka le ukuze ajonge impilo yakho okanye yomntwana wakho iyonke.
• Ugqirha wakho okanye womntwana wakho kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kuyalela iiskeni zonyaka, ngesiqhelo iiskeni ze-MRI , ukujonga ukuba aziphinde zibuye na iithumba.
• Wena okanye umntwana wakho nisenokufuna uncedo lokulawula iimeko ezifana nokungabikho kwamahomoni okanye iingxaki zokubona ezingakhange zilungiswe ngotyando.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wam/womntwana wam?

Nangona i-craniopharyngioma sisimila esingaqhelekanga, esingengomhlaza, sinokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo ezifuna unyango lwexesha elide. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninesi sifo, nisenokuba nexhala malunga nokulawula esi sifo ubomi benu bonke. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo enokukunceda uthethe nogqirha wenu okanye womntwana wenu:

• Andikaze ndive ngesi siqhamo. Ungasichaza ukuba yintoni?
• Ingaba le thumba ingabangela ukuba mna/umntwana wam sibe nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu?
• Kutheni mna/umntwana wam sifumene eli thumba?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?
• Zithini amathuba okuba unyango luphumelele?
• Ngaba unyango luza kuziphelisa iimpawu zam/zomntwana wam?
• Zithini iziphumo zonyango zexesha elifutshane nezexesha elide?
• Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ithumba liphinde lakhula?

Nokuba utyando lokususa i-craniopharyngioma, ezi thumba zingaqhelekanga, ezingenamhlaza zinokuba nemiphumo ehlala ixesha elide kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho. Ukongeza, wena okanye umntwana wakho unokufuna unyango oluqhubekayo kwiimeko ezibangelwa yi-tumor. Ngandlela thile, i-craniopharyngioma sisifo esingapheliyo esiya kufuneka wena okanye umntwana wakho nisilawule ubomi benu bonke. Nangona oogqirha bengenakusinyanga ngokupheleleyo, banokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukukunceda wena nomntwana wakho nijongane nemingeni yokuphila nale tumor ingaqhelekanga.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya:

I-Craniopharyngioma yimeko enzima nengaqhelekanga, kodwa inokulawulwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nocwangciso lwexesha elide.

• Funa ingcebiso rhoqo kwezonyango: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana neqela lakho lezonyango kwaye uye kwiimvavanyo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nemihlangano.
• Hlala unethemba: Nangona olu hambo lunzima, awuwedwa. Ngenkxaso yoogqirha, usapho kunye nabahlobo, uya kufumana amandla okudlula koku.
• Yiba nolwazi: Ukuba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngale meko, unyango lwayo, kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho kuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi.

Khumbula, ukubhaqwa kwangoko kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuphila ngempumelelo nale meko. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha.

I- Craniopharyngioma, iithumba zobuchopho, i-pituitary gland, iihomoni, umbono, impilo yomntwana, iithumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza