Ngaba ukhe weva ngesifo esingaqhelekanga esichaphazela ingqondo? Masifunde ngeCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD).

Usenokuba udidekile kancinci xa usiva igama lesi sifo, uzibuza, "Yintoni le sifo ingaqhelekanga?" Isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob, okanye i-CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) njengoko sisibiza ngokufutshane, sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esibi kakhulu esonakalisa ukusebenza kwengqondo yethu . Ngamafutshane, okwenzekayo kukuba iiseli zethu zengqondo ziyatshatyalaliswa kancinci kancinci. Oku kunokubangela izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nobunzima bokuhamba.

Zithini iimpawu ze-CJD?

Iimpawu zesi sifo azibonakali ngaxeshanye. Zikhula kancinci kancinci. Zinokuqala kancinci zize zibe nzima ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili, ngokulandelelana kwazo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya kwezona zinzima:

• Ukulibala neengxaki zenkumbulo: Kuqala ngokulibala izinto ezincinci. Izinto ezifana nokuba izitshixo zakho zikuphi, igama lomntu. Kodwa oku kungaphezulu nje kokulibala okuqhelekileyo.
• Ukudideka nokudideka: Ubunzima bokukhumbula ukuba ukuphi kwaye lixesha lini. Ubunzima bokufumana indlela yakho nokuba ukwiindawo eziqhelekileyo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha nobuntu: Ukungabi njengangaphambili, ukwenza izinto ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukucaphuka ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ukuzola ngequbuliso . Ukuzama ukuzikhupha eluntwini.
• Iingxaki zokubona kunye nobunzima bokuqonda into oyibonayo: Ngamanye amaxesha ubona izinto ezimbini, okanye awukwazi ukuqonda into oyibonayo.
• Ukuphupha okanye ukuphupha izinto ezingekhoyo: Ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo, okanye ukuba neenkolelo zobuxoki zokuba abanye bazama ukukulimaza.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingxaki yokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa (i-ataxia): Ukuziva ungalawuleki xa uhamba, ukhubeka, kwaye uwe. Ubunzima bokulawula amalungu omzimba.
• Ukushukuma kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo (myoclonus) kunye nokuqina kwemisipha (dystonia): Ukushukuma kwemisipha emzimbeni ngequbuliso, ukungcangcazela kwamalungu. Ngamanye amaxesha imisipha iyaqina kwaye ijijeke ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• Ukuxhuzula: Kunokwenzeka xa umntu exhuzula.
• Ukukhubazeka: Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amalungu omzimba anokukhubazeka.
• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha: Imisipha iyawohloka kwaye umzimba uba mncinci.

Ezi mpawu aziveli ngendlela efanayo okanye ngesantya esifanayo kubo bonke abantu, kodwa ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana nazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Kutheni i-CJD isenzeka? Yintoni ebangela oko?

Oku kungabonakala kunzima ukukuqonda, kodwa mandikuchaze ngokulula. Imizimba yethu inohlobo lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yiproteni . Ezi zifana noomatshini abancinci abenza imisebenzi yabo nganye nganye. Ukuze ezi proteni zisebenze kakuhle, kufuneka "zigobe" zibe yimo ethile. Cinga ngayo njengegqabi le-origami, ukuba uyigoba ngokuchanekileyo, ufumana imo entle.

Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha ezi proteni zisongeka ngendlela engafanelekanga. Iproteni esongeka ngendlela engafanelekanga ayisetyenziswa ziiseli zethu zengqondo. I-CJD ibangelwa yenye yezo proteni zisongeka ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii- "prions."

Ezi protein ze-prion ziqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwiiseli zobuchopho. Ekubeni iiseli zingenakuzisusa, ziyazonakalisa kancinci kancinci iiseli zize ekugqibeleni zife. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba ezi prion zinokuphinda zidibanise iiproteni eziqhelekileyo, zizenze zibe zii-prion. Njengesifo esosulelayo, ezi prion ziyanda kwaye zisasazeke kuyo yonke ingqondo. Yiyo loo nto isifo siba nzima ngokukhawuleza.

Khawucinge nje, le prion yenza into efana neapile elibolileyo elingcolisa amanye amaapile amahle.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-CJD?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-CJD. Ezi zahlulwe ngokwendlela ezikhula ngayo.

1. I-CJD engaqhelekanga: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Luvela ngequbuliso, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Isizathu esichanekileyo asikaziwa.

2. I-Genetic CJD: Oku kwenzeka xa i-gene engaqhelekanga ifunyanwa ngumzali omnye okanye bobabini. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale nto: I-Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome kunye ne -Fatal Familyal Insomnia . Ezi aziqhelekanga kakhulu.

3. I-CJD efunyenweyo: Oku kubangelwa yinto yangaphandle. Umzekelo, kunokubangelwa kukufakelwa amalungu omzimba , ukufakelwa izicubu , okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zotyando ezingacocwanga ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu kule mihla, kuba iteknoloji yezonyango iphucuke kakhulu.

4. Uhlobo lwe-CJD (vCJD): Usenokuba ukhe weva oku njengokunxulumene nesifo esithi "Mad Cow Disease" okanye iBovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Ungayifumana i-vCJD ngokutya inyama yenkomo ene-BSE. I-prion ebangela i-BSE inokudluliselwa nakubantu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu ngoku emhlabeni, ngenxa yamanyathelo okhuseleko athathwayo ekukhuliseni izilwanyana.

Ngubani onokuthi abe ne-CJD? Ingaba iyasulela?

Enyanisweni, nabani na angafumana i-CJD. Ngamanye amaxesha unokuba ne-prion emzimbeni wakho iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu. Kodwa xa iimpawu zibonakala, esi sifo sinokuba nzima ngokukhawuleza njengoko ingqondo yonakele.

Esi sifo sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-80. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo zemfuza ze-CJD ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba esi sisifo esisulelayo na . Umntu one-CJD akanakusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokudibana nje, ukuthimla, okanye ukwabelana ngokutya. Akukho nto ifanele ixhalabise ngayo. Indlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumana i-CJD, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kukufakelwa ilungu okanye izicubu zomntu one-CJD, okanye ngokutofwa iihomoni ezithile zomntu one-CJD.

I-Variant CJD (vCJD) ifunyenwe idluliselwa ngotofelo-gazi , kodwa oko kunqabile kakhulu. Uhlobo lwe-vCJD nalo aluqhelekanga kwihlabathi liphela.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-CJD?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu ze-CJD, into yokuqala ugqirha aya kuyenza kukumamela ngenyameko iimpawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba nolwemithambo-luvo. Ngamanye amaxesha baya kukucela ukuba wenze izinto ezincinci ukuze bafumane umbono wendlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho.

I-CJD ikwiqela lezifo ezibizwa ngokuba yi- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy . Eli gama livela kwinto yokuba ingqondo eyonakaliswe zii-prions ifana nesiponji esinemingxunya xa ijongwa nge-microscope.

Oogqirha baqhuba iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa i-CJD.

• Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Le ithatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kwaye ijonge naziphi na iingxaki engqondweni.
• Ukubhobozwa komqolo okanye kwe-lumbar: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yolwelo oluvela kwi-spinal cord kunye nokuvavanya iiproteni ze-prion.
• Uvavanyo lwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo kwaye lukhangela iipatheni ezingaqhelekanga. Ipatheni ethile inokubonwa kwi-CJD.

Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukuze kuthintelwe ezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifanayo neze-CJD.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lwe-genetic: Ukuba kukho i-CJD erhanelekayo kwi-genetic.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• I-biopsy yobuchopho: Oku kwenziwa rhoqo, kuphela xa zonke ezinye iimvavanyo zingaphumeleli ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kuba yinkqubo yotyando oluncinci.

Ngaba kukho unyango lwe-CJD?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-CJD, akukho nyango lokuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo, okanye akukho nyango lokusinciphisa . Le yeyona nxalenye ibuhlungu yesi sifo.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango oluthomalalisayo lunokunikwa ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki okubangelwa ziimpawu nokubonelela ngesiqabu kwisigulana. Umzekelo, amayeza anokunikwa ukulawula ukuxhuzula, ukulawula utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, okanye ukunciphisa ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingenelo zale ndlela yonyango zilinganiselwe.

Ngenxa yokuba le meko inokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, kubalulekile ukuba isigulana kunye nosapho bafumane uncedo oluxhasayo. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lesi sifo, iinkonzo ze-hospice zinceda isigulana sihlale sikhululekile kwaye singenantlungu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba uyafaneleka, iqela lakho lezonyango linokucebisa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, olufunda unyango olutsha.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unesifo se-CJD?

Ekubeni i-CJD inganyangeki kwaye ingenanyango, akukho themba lingako ngesi sifo. Emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile, amandla okusebenza, ukuhamba, nokuthetha ayehla kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana neqela lakho lezempilo ukuze nixoxe ngeminqweno neemfuno zenu kwaye nenze izigqibo. Enyanisweni, licebo elihle kuthi sonke, nokuba sinesifo esithile, ukuba noxwebhu olufana nomyalelo kwangaphambili . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba awukwazi ukuveza iingcinga zakho, ubhale phantsi ukuba loluphi unyango olufunayo nolungalufuniyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza oku kwangethuba kwisifo esisasazeka ngokukhawuleza njenge-CJD.

Ngenxa yokuba esi sifo sibi kakhulu, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo ukufuna iingcebiso kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo . Kungaba namandla amakhulu ukuziqhelanisa nolu tshintsho kwaye wakhe ukuzithemba kwakho.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-CJD?

Uninzi lwezigulane ze-CJD ziyafa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa okanye unyaka emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba zine-CJD. Okukuphela kokwahlukileyo yi -CJD yemfuza , apho abantu banokuphila ukusuka kunyaka omnye ukuya kwelishumi emva kokuqala kweempawu.

Ugqirha wakho angakunika ulwazi oluthile noluhlaziyiweyo malunga nemeko yakho. Khumbula, izibalo zizinto eziqhelekileyo, kwaye wonke umntu wahlukile.

Ngaba i-CJD ingathintelwa?

Iintlobo ezininzi ze-CJD azinakuthintelwa. Ingakumbi i-CJD eyenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, eyenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, ayinandlela yokuyithintela.

Uhlobo oluthintelwayo kuphela yi -variant CJD (vCJD) . Ibangelwa kukutya inyama yenkomo ene-BSE ("isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo"), kwaye inokuthintelwa.

Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana luthintela iinkomo ezine-BSE ukuba zingangeni kwikhonkco lokutya. Nangona kunjalo, inyama ezingavavanywanga nezilungisiweyo ngendlela engafanelekanga zinokuba yingozi. Ke ngoko, kukhuselekile ukuphepha ukutya inyama ezingalawulwanga nezingakhange zivavanywe, ingakumbi ezo ziqulethe iindawo ezifana nobuchopho kunye nomongo wethambo .

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukuxilongwa kwe-CJD kunokuba ngamava atshintsha ubomi. Kungavakala ngathi wena kunye nehlabathi elikungqongileyo niphelile ngephanyazo. Utshintsho olunjalo lunokuba nzima kuwe nakubantu obathandayo ukulunyamezela.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ucinga ntoni ngale nto okanye ukuba uqhube njani, iqela lakho lezonyango lilapha ukukunceda. Banokukunceda ucwangcise kwangaphambili kwaye ulungiselele okuzayo. Khumbula nje ukuba awuwedwa.

Isifo sikaCreutzfeldt -Jakob, i-CJD, i-Prion, isifo sobuchopho, isifo se-neurological, ukulahleka kwenkumbulo, i-dementia, i-BSE, isifo se-Mad Cow