Ngaba umntwana wakho ngequbuliso ufumene umkhuhlane ophezulu kwaye udiniwe kakhulu kwaye ulele? Ngaba ukhala rhoqo nokuba umshukumisa kangakanani na? Okanye ngaba wena ngokwakho unentloko ebuhlungu enganyamezelekiyo kwaye uzive uqinile kangangokuba awukwazi nokuhambisa intamo yakho? Uloyiko olukhulu olufika engqondweni yethu ngexesha elinje "yi-brain fever?" Enyanisweni, enye yezi meko "yi-brain fever" yi-meningitis. Le yimeko enokuba yingozi efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sonke siqaphele ngokupheleleyo le meningitis.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-meningitis?
Cinga ngengqondo yethu kunye nomthambo womqolo ohamba emqolo wethu njengezitho ezimbini ezithambileyo nezixabisekileyo. Ukuze zikhuseleke, kukho isigqubuthelo esenziwe ngee-membrane ezintathu ezithambileyo ezizijikelezileyo. Njengokuba xa sithenga ifowuni entsha, sibeka umaleko wokukhusela phezu kwayo ukukhusela isikrini sayo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukugubungela ii-meninges.
I-Meningitis lusulelo olubangela ukuba ii-membrane ezikhuselayo zidumbe okanye zivuvuke. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, esi asisosifo sengqondo ngokwaso, kodwa sisigqubuthelo esijikeleze ingqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba esi sigqubuthelo sisondele kakhulu engqondweni, ukuba usulelo luba nzima, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba ingqondo nayo yonakale.
Abanye abantu bayayibhidanisa le mibandela mibini i-meningitis kunye ne-encephalitis. I-Meningitis lusulelo olugquma ingqondo. I-Encephalitis lusulelo lwezicubu zobuchopho ngokwazo . Iimpawu zazo zombini zinokufana.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-meningitis ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ezenzeka ngayo.
Esi sifo sibangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Ubunzima besifo kunye nonyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane.
1. I-Meningitis yebhaktheriya
Olu lolona hlobo loxinzelelo lwestroke oluyoyikekayo, oluyingozi kakhulu. Olu lungxamiseko lwezonyango olunokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba unyango aluqalwanga kwangoko emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile, iingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo kunye nokulahlekelwa kukuva zinokwenzeka. Ke ngoko, ukuba ukrokrela oku, kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zeebhaktheriya ezibangela oku zezi:
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae
- I-Neisseria meningitidis
- I-Listeria monocytogenes (ingakumbi kubantu abadala, abafazi abakhulelweyo, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka)
Ngaphambili, iintsholongwane eziphambili ezazibangela i-meningitis kubantwana abancinci yayiyiHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Nangona kunjalo, ngoku ekubeni i-Hib vaccine inikwa abantwana phantsi kwenkqubo yokugonya kazwelonke kwilizwe lethu, ukwanda kwe-meningitis ebangelwa yiyo kuye kwalawulwa kakhulu. Kukwakho ne-vaccine zezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane.
2. I-Viral Meningitis
Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kunohlobo lwebhaktiriya, kwaye kudla ngokuba kukungabi yingozi kangako. Uninzi lwexesha, kuyaphela ngokwako kwiintsuku ezisi-7-10 ngaphandle konyango olukhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngugqirha kuphela onokugqiba ukuba kubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktiriya. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlele xa kuvela iimpawu.
Ingabangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsholongwane, ezifana ne-herpes, i-mumps, i-measles, kunye nentsholongwane ebangela isifo sezandla, iinyawo, kunye nomlomo.
3. Iifungi, iincukuthu kunye nezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo
Ezi ziintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ze-meningitis. Abantu abane-immune system ephilileyo neyomeleleyo abanako ukuba nayo. Abantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka, njengabo bane-HIV/AIDS, banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo le-meningitis.
Zithini iimpawu? Siyibona njani le nto?
Iimpawu ze-Meningitis zinokuvela ngequbuliso, kangangeeyure okanye iintsuku. Ekuqaleni, zinokuvakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kodwa iimpawu zinokukhawuleza zibe nzima.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo (abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala) | |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngequbuliso. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu | Intlungu eyahlukileyo kwintloko eqhelekileyo, enganyamezelekiyo. |
| Intamo Eqinileyo | Olu luphawu olukhulu. Intamo iba lukhuni kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukugoba intamo uze uphumze isilevu esifubeni. |
| Ukuba novelwano ngembonakalo yangaphandle | Ukungakwazi ukujonga ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, amehlo ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu | Ukugabha, ingakumbi xa unentloko ebuhlungu. |
| Ukudideka kunye nokozela | Ukudideka, intetho engacacanga, kunye nokozela okunzima ukuvuka. |
| Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba | Ezinye iintlobo zeebhaktheriya zinokubangela ukurhawuzelela okufana namabala amfusa okanye amachaphaza (oku kuchazwe ngezantsi). |
| Iimpawu kwiintsana ezincinci kunye neentsana | |
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Ukubanda komzimba nako kungaba luphawu. |
| Ukukhala okungapheliyo | Ukukhala kuyakhula, ingakumbi xa umntwana ethathwa. |
| Ukudinwa/ukungabi nabomi | Usana lulele, alufuni ukusela ubisi, kwaye alusebenzi. |
| Indawo ethambileyo phezulu entloko evuvukileyo | Indawo ethambileyo ephezu kwentloko yomntwana (i-fontanelle) ibonakala idumbile kwaye ikhukhumele. |
| Ukuqina komzimba nentamo | Umzimba womntwana uqinile ngendlela engaqhelekanga. |
Irhashalala leMeningitis kunye novavanyo lweGlasi
I-bacterial meningitis ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukurhawuzelela okwahlukileyo. Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokopha igazi phantsi kolusu.
- Ekuqaleni, ezi zinokuqala njengamachaphaza amancinci abomvu.
- Ezi zinokukhula kamva zibe ngamabala amakhulu, amfusa afana nemivumbo.
Uvavanyo lweGlasi: Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Thatha iglasi ecacileyo uze uyicinezele kwirhashalala. Ukuba lirhashalala eliqhelekileyo, liya kuba mhlophe lize linyamalale xa licinezelwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba lirhashalala le-meningitis, aliyi kuphela nokuba ulicinezele ngeglasi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "lirhashalala elingatshiyo." Ukuba ubona irhashalala efana nale, ngokuqinisekileyo yingxamiseko yezonyango! Yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko!
Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwesifo
Xa wena okanye umntwana wakho nisiya esibhedlele eneempawu ze-meningitis, ugqirha uza kuqala akuhlole aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Kuya kufuneka enze uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ukuba kukho usulelo lwebhaktheriya egazini.
- Ukubetheka koMgogodla/Ukubhaxabula iLumbar: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo nolucacileyo lokufumanisa isifo. Kulo, kufakwa inaliti encinci emqolo ongezantsi kwaye kususwa ulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal - CSF) ukuze kuvavanywe. Olu lwelo luvavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba usulelo lubangelwa yibhaktheriya, intsholongwane, okanye enye into. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika olu vavanyo, lwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngugqirha onamava.
Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-meningitis.
- Kwimeko ye-bacterial meningitis: Lala esibhedlele ngoko nangoko uze uqale amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngemithambo . Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango luqalwa ngokurhaneleka, ngaphandle kokulinda ingxelo yovavanyo lolwelo lomqolo. Kuba umzuzwana ngamnye ubalulekile kweli tyala.
- I-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane: Ngokwesiqhelo akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lufunekayo. Ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo, ukusela ulwelo oluninzi, kunye nokusela iintlungu ezifana neparacetamol ngenxa yomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba kwanele. Nangona kunjalo, esi sigqibo kufuneka senziwe ngugqirha kuphela.
Ungazikhusela njani kwesi sifo?
Ezinye zeentsholongwane ezibangela i-meningitis zinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuthimla, ukukhohlela, kunye namaconsi amathe. Ngoko ke masiziqhelise ezi zinto ukuze sizikhusele.
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Ingakumbi phambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nasemva kokuba sezindaweni zikawonke-wonke. Fundisa abantwana bakho nalo mkhwa.
- Musa ukwabelana ngezinto ozisebenzisayo nabanye abantu (umz. iibrashi zamazinyo, iikomityi, izixhobo zokutya, ilipstick).
- Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba yakho xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla.
- Gonyelwa. Inkqubo yokugonyelwa yesizwe yelizwe lethu ibonelela ngemigonyo yokukhusela kwiibhaktheriya ezifana neHib kunye nePneumococcus, ezibangela i-meningitis. Nika umntwana wakho ezi migonyo ngexesha.
- Oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke kakhulu. Yitya ukutya okuphekiweyo kakuhle kuphela. Kuphephe ukutya okufana nobisi netshizi ezingagayiwanga, inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle, intlanzi, amaqanda kunye neesoseji. Ezi zinokuba nebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Listeria'.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Meningitis kukudumba kwee-membrane ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Yimeko enzulu kakhulu.
- I-bacterial meningitis yingxaki yezonyango. Ukulibaziseka konyango kunokukhokelela ekufeni okanye ekukhubazekeni okungapheliyo.
- Iimpawu eziphambili ngumkhuhlane ophezulu, intloko ebuhlungu enganyamezelekiyo, kunye nentamo eqinileyo eyenza kube nzima ukugoba intamo iye ezantsi .
- Ukuba ubona irhashalala emfusa engapheliyo xa icinezelwa ngeglasi, luphawu oluyingozi kakhulu olo.
- Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-meningitis, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokucinga kabini.
- Ukugonywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokukhusela kwezinye zezona ntlobo zinzima zesi sifo.
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