Ngaba wakha weva ngefungus engena emzimbeni wakho? Masifunde ngeCryptococcosis!

Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiCryptococcosis? Eli gama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, kwaye liyoyikisa kancinci. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Lusulelo olubangelwa yifungus. Sonke sijongene nezinto ezininzi kwindawo esihlala kuyo, kwaye nezi fungus zinjalo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko ebizwa ngokuba yiCryptococcosis ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye iCryptococcosis?

Ngamafutshane, i-cryptococcosis iyenzeka xa uhlobo lwefungus olubizwa ngokuba yi-Cryptococcus lungena emzimbeni wakho luze lubangele usulelo, ingakumbi engqondweni okanye emiphungeni yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha lunokusasazeka luye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, esilubiza ngokuba yi-distributed cryptococcosis .

Khawucinge nje, ukuba le fungus yeCryptococcus ihlasela ingqondo yakho, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -cryptococcal meningitis . Emva koko unokufumana izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nentlungu yentamo. Kwakhona, ukuba ichaphazela imiphunga yakho, ibizwa ngokuba yi-cryptococcal pneumonia okanye i-pulmonary cryptococcosis . Emva koko unokuba neempawu ezifana nokukhohlela kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zefungi yeCryptococcus.

• I-Cryptococcus neoformans: Olu hlobo ludla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Oko kukuthi, abo imizimba yabo ingakwazi ukumelana nesifo, ngabona bachaphazeleka kakhulu sisifo.
• I-Cryptococcus gattii: Kodwa olu hlobo lunokukwenza ugule nokuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela inamandla.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Ungazibona njani?

Iimpawu ze-cryptococcosis zixhomekeke ekubeni intsholongwane ingena phi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba ichaphazela imiphunga, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia, kwaye ukuba ichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (ubuchopho kunye nomgogodla), unokufumana iimpawu ezifana ne-meningitis. Kwi-cryptococcosis esasazekileyo, iimpawu zinokuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Iimpawu zosulelo lwemiphunga (i-Cryptococcal pneumonia):

• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, uzive ngathi uyafuthanisela
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ifiva

Iimpawu zosulelo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (i-Cryptococcal Meningitis):

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Intlungu okanye ukuqina kwentamo (kangangokuba awukwazi ukubeka isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho)
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni (ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo)

Iimpawu ze-cryptococcosis esasazekileyo ziquka:

Ukuba unesifo se-cryptococcosis esisasazekileyo, ungabona utshintsho lolusu ukongeza kwiimpawu ezibandakanya imiphunga okanye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Umzekelo:

• Amabala aqinileyo okanye aqinileyo (iiplaki)
• Amaqhuqhuva
• Izilonda
• Amaqhuma
• Amadyungudyungu

Kutheni i-Cryptococcosis isenzeka?

Eyona nto ibangela esi sifo ziintlobo ezimbini zefungi , iCryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) kunye neCryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) . Ezi fungi zihlala kwindawo ezingqongileyo - ingakumbi emhlabeni, emagxolweni emithi, nakwinkunkuma yeentaka, ingakumbi inkunkuma yehobe.

Khawucinge nje, xa ngamanye amaxesha sisebenza kwiindawo ezinothuli, kufutshane nezakhiwo ezindala, okanye kwiigadi, ezi ntsholongwane zefungus zinokungena emizimbeni yethu.

Ezi fungi, `C. gattii` kunye `C. iineoformans`, zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. `C. i-gattii` ixhaphake ngakumbi e-Australia, eBritish Columbia, eKhanada, kuMntla-ntshona wePasifiki eUnited States, nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia.

Uyifumana njani le nto?

I-Cryptococcosis ibangelwa kukuphefumla ii-spores zefungus eziphuma emoyeni i-Cryptococcus. Ezi azibonakali emehlweni, kwaye kunokuba nzima ukuziphepha ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho le fungus ixhaphake khona.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwabantu abaphefumla le fungus ababonakalisi zimpawu. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, le fungus iqala ukukhula emiphungeni yabo, okanye ihambe emzimbeni iye engqondweni ize ibagulise. Ngamanye amaxesha le fungus inokuba semiphungeni yakho ixesha elide, kodwa ikhula kuphela kwaye ibangele iimpawu xa amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthathaka ngesizathu esithile (umzekelo, ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye amayeza owaselayo).

Ingaba oku kusulela umntu omnye ukuya komnye?

Hayi. I-Cryptococcosis ayisosifo esinokudluliselwa komnye umntu siye komnye. Awunakuyifumana kumntu osulelekileyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uhlobo lwe-C. neoformans ludla ngokubangela izifo kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Oku kuquka:

• Abantu abane- HIV/AIDS .
• Abantu abaneentlobo ezithile zomhlaza, umzekelo ii-lymphomas kunye ne -leukemias .
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa i-stem cell, i-organ, okanye umongo wethambo.
• Iidosi eziphezulu ze-corticosteroids ixesha elideAbantu abaneemeko ezifuna ukuthatha amayeza (umz., izifo ezithile zemiphunga ezingapheliyo, iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba).

Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-`C. gattii` lunokubangela izifo kubantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezisempilweni kunye nabo baneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

I-Cryptococcosis, ingakumbi ukuba unosulelo engqondweni yakho, inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu . Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Ukwanda koxinzelelo lwengqondo: Oku kubangelwa kukwanda kolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo engqondweni. Ukuba alunyangwa kakuhle, lunokubangela umonakalo engqondweni.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono okuncinci okanye okupheleleyo.
• Izifo zamehlo okanye iimeko zokudumba.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha elawula amehlo ( i-extraocular muscle paresis ).
• Ukubuyela umva: Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu ze-cryptococcosis zinokubuya emva konyango.
• I-Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): I-IRIS yimeko apho amasosha omzimba wakho esabela ngokugqithisileyo emva konyango, nto leyo eyenza iimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV, kodwa inokwenzeka nakubantu abangenayo i-HIV.

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?

Oogqirha baxilonga i-cryptococcosis ngokuhlola izicwili zakho okanye ulwelo lomzimba ukuze babone iimpawu zefungus ye-Cryptococcus. Banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Igazi lakho.
• Ulwelo lweCerebrospinal (CSF ). Oku kufunyanwa ngokuthatha isampuli yolwelo oluvela kumqolo (ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar).
• I-sputum (i-phlegm ephuma emiphungeni xa kukhohlela).

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo, iimpawu zakho, imbali yezonyango, imbali yokuhamba, kunye novavanyo lwemifanekiso nazo zinokunceda ekuxilongeni. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, unokufuna ii-X-ray zesifuba , ii-CT scans (ii-computed tomography scans) , okanye ii-MRIs (i-magnetic resonance imaging) ukujonga utshintsho kwimiphunga yakho okanye ingqondo.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Oogqirha basebenzisa amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane ukunyanga i-cryptococcosis.Unyango oluthile olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka ekubeni iphi i-Cryptococcus fungus emzimbeni wakho kunye nempilo yenkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Umzekelo, umntu one-cryptococcosis yemiphunga engephi unokufuna iyeza elinye lokulwa ne-fungus. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanesifo esinzima okanye i-cryptococcal meningitis banokufuna unyango oluqatha ngakumbi, oko kuthetha ukuthatha amayeza amaninzi okulwa ne-fungus ixesha elide.

Amayeza athile kunye nonyango olusetyenziswa kwi-Cryptococcosis:

• I-Fluconazole
• I-Amphotericin B (AmB)
• I-Flucytosine
• Ii-Corticosteroids (ezi zinikwa ukulawula iimeko ezifana nokudumba kobuchopho)
• Utyando lokususa iithumba ezinkulu zefungus (cryptococcomas).
• Ukugqobhozwa okanye ukunqunyulwa kwemilenze (iityhubhu ezikhethekileyo) ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo engqondweni.

Yintoni omele uyilindele ukuba unesifo esi?

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni wosulelwe phi kwaye ugula kangakanani, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukukunyanga ngamayeza okulwa nentsholongwane kangangeeveki okanye iinyanga ukuze kupheliswe i-cryptococcosis. Ukuba une-HIV, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha unyango lwakho lwe-antiretroviral . Ukuba unenye imeko ebuthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho, ukunyanga loo meko ingaphantsi kunokukunceda ulwe ne-cryptococcosis.

Ngaba oku kunganyangwa ngokupheleleyo?

Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezisempilweni banokunyangwa ngonyango lokubola. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banokuba nzima ukuzinyanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zakho zinokubuya emva konyango.

Iyintoni ingozi yokufa ngenxa yoku?

Izinga lokufa kwezigulane ezine-cryptococcosis ezinyangwa eMntla Melika (kuquka i-United States neKhanada) liqikelelwa ukuba limalunga ne-20% . Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika, eli nani linokuba phezulu ukuya kwi-70% . Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo kwihlabathi, iinkonzo zempilo ozifumanayo zinempembelelo enkulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abakwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo kwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi basengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yezifo ezininzi. Le yimeko ebuhlungu.

Ndingazikhusela njani kule nto? Ingaba kunokwenzeka?

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho iCryptococcus ixhaphake khona, kunokuba nzima ukuyiphepha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula yiCryptococcus, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo olujoliswe kulo: Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lwe-HIV, ugqirha unokukuvavanya ii-antigen ze-Cryptococcus (iindawo ezibonakalayo zefungus) nokuba awunazo iimpawu ze-cryptococcosis. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho zilungile, banokukunyanga i-cryptococcosis ukuthintela ukuba ungaguli yi-fungus esele isemzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuthintela: Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu we-cryptococcosis, ugqirha wakho unokukunyanga ngamayeza okubola. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba ungaguli xa uchaphazeleke yi-Cryptococcus.

Ndingayinyamekela njani impilo yam?

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kuzo naziphi na iimeko zonyango ezinokuba buthathaka kwinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba. Hlala udibana noogqirha bakho rhoqo. Babuze indlela yokubona iimpawu zosulelo. Thetha nabo ngeendlela zokuthintela usulelo kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba ucinga ukuba unosulelo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unemeko eyenza amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthathaka, njenge-HIV, buza ugqirha wakho indlela yokuthintela ukugula. Ukuba unamandla omzimba abuthathaka kwaye uneempawu ze-cryptococcosis okanye naluphi na olunye usulelo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo esinzulu, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza. Ezi mpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 degrees Fahrenheit/40 degrees Celsius).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Utshintsho kwimbono.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukuxhuzula.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka. Ungadinga unyango olukhawulezileyo ngokukhawuleza, nokuba iimpawu zakho azinzima kangako kunezo zidweliswe apha.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingaba olu sulelo luyingozi kangakanani?
• Ndingawathatha njani amayeza am?
• Kufuneka ndifumane unyango ixesha elingakanani?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela usulelo kwixesha elizayo?

Umyalezo obalulekileyo onokuwuthatha ekhaya

I-Cryptococcosis lusulelo lwefungus olunokuba yingozi kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukukuvavanya aze akunike amayeza okuthintela. Kwaye ngophuhliso lonyango, abantu abaphila ne-HIV ngoku basengozini encinci kakhulu yokufumana izifo ezinzulu. Ngokusebenzisana nogqirha wakho, ungenza isicwangciso sokukugcina usempilweni kangangoko unako. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki, kwaye ungalibali ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba uneengxaki.

I- Cryptococcosis, usulelo lwefungus, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, isifo semiphunga, ukhuselo lomzimba, i-HIV, amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane