Awunakuyeka ukuba norhudo olumanzi? Andazi nokuba yiCryptosporidiosis! Makhe sithethe ngale nto.

Ngaba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho ubenengxaki yorhudo olumanzi, ukuqaqamba, okanye ukuhlanza kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa? Usenokuba ubusandula ukudada echibini lokudada likawonke-wonke. Okanye usenokuba usele amanzi avela kumthombo ongaziwayo. Ukuba kunjalo, into endizakukuxelela yona ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiCryptosporidiosis , esicaphukisayo kancinci, kodwa ukuba uyazi, ungayilawula.

Yintoni iCryptosporidiosis?

Ngamafutshane, i-cryptosporidiosis sisifo sesisu esibangelwa yiparasite encinci ebizwa ngokuba yiCryptosporidium . Uphawu oluphambili lurhudo olunamanzi . Lunokubangela nezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngentlungu yesisu kunye nesicaphucaphu. Esi parasite sidla ngokudluliselwa ngamanzi angcolileyo. Sixhaphake kakhulu kumachibi okudada kawonke-wonke, kwiingxangxasi, nasemifuleni. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"crypto" ngamafutshane.

Ngubani onokuthi afumane oku?

Nabani na unokufumana i-cryptosporidiosis, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba nayo.

Khawucinge nje, abantwana abancinci abaphakathi kweminyaka omnye ukuya kwemine ubudala banokuba nale meko. Isizathu soku kukuba abantwana abancinci abakaqondi ukubaluleka kokuhlamba izandla kunye nendlela iintsholongwane ezisasazeka ngayo. Kwakhona, esi sifo sinokudluliselwa kubo nakubazali babo ababanyamekelayo ngeenapile .

Akunjalo nje kuphela, abantu abalandelayo bakwasengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala.
• Abantu abahlala okanye abasebenza nabantwana abancinci (umz. ootitshala besikolo sabantwana abancinci, abasebenzi beziko lokugcina abantwana).
• Abantu abasela amanzi angacocwanga nangahluzwanga (ingakumbi xa behamba, benyuka intaba, okanye bekhempisha, besela amanzi avela kwimithombo engaziwayo).
• Abantu abasebenza nezilwanyana, ingakumbi abo basebenzisa izilwanyana zasefama (imfuyo).
• Abantu abadla ngokuhlamba nokudlala imidlalo yasemanzini kwiindawo zokudada zikawonke-wonke, emachibini, nasemilanjeni.
• Abantu abanyamekela umntu one-cryptosporidiosis.

Ngubani onokuchaphazeleka kakhulu koku?

I-Cryptosporidiosis idla ngokuba buthathaka kubantu abane-immune system ephilileyo kwaye idla ngokuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka , inokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima, eziqhubekayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezisongela ubomi. Umzekelo, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane- AIDS abakwazi ukuyisusa ngokupheleleyo i-Cryptosporidium parasite xa sele ingene emizimbeni yabo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ungomnye wamaqela alandelayo, kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu ukuze ungasuleleki yiCryptosporidium:

• I-HIVOkanye abo banesifo sikaGawulayo .
• Abantu abanomhlaza (ingakumbi ngexesha lonyango).
• Abantu abasandula ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba okanye iiseli eziqalayo.
• Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza awenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba (ii-immunosuppressants).

Kwakhona, oomama abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana ezincancisayo basengozini enkulu yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yorhudo, ngoko ke kufuneka balumke kakhulu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-cryptosporidiosis?

Kwanakwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwama-700,000 banesifo esi sifo minyaka le. Kuthiwa iCryptosporidiosis yeyona nto yesibini ebangela urhudo ebantwaneni abancinci, emva kwerotavirus . Le meko inokubonwa nakwilizwe lethu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinococeko oluphantsi.

Ingaba le yimeko eyingozi?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, usulelo lweCryptosporidium alusoloko lubi kakhulu kumntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esempilweni. Luhlala luphela ngokwalo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, lunokubangela urhudo olunzima noluhlala ixesha elide. Lunokuba yingozi nakubomi.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ze-Cryptosporidium parasite ziqala ukubonakala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi emva kokungena emzimbeni. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• Urhudo olumanzi (ngamanye amaxesha lunzima kakhulu).
• Intlungu yesisu okanye ukuqaqamba kwesisu.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo.
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi.

Ezi mpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu. Abanye abantu banokufumana enye okanye ezimbini kuphela, ngelixa abanye banokufumana zonke ezi mpawu ngomlinganiselo oqatha.

Yintoni ebangela oku? (Malunga ne-Cryptosporidium parasite)

Esi sifo sibangelwa yiparasite ebizwa ngokuba yiCryptosporidium . Esi parasite singena emlonyeni wakho, siye kwinkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya, kwaye kulapho singena khona kwaye sibangele iimpawu.

I-Cryptosporidium luhlobo lwe -protozoan parasite , i-parasite eneseli enye ehlala emizimbeni yezilwanyana nabantu. Incinci kangangokuba inokubonwa kuphela nge-microscope. Abantu badla ngokusuleleka ziintlobo ezimbini , i-Cryptosporidium hominis kunye ne -Cryptosporidium parvum .

Singakufumana njani oku?

I-Cryptosporidiosis isasazeka ngendlela yendle-yomlomo . Ngamafutshane, iyenzeka xa ngempazamo siginya amasuntswana endle ane-parasite. Inokusasazeka lula kubantu okanye kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo onokuyifumana ngazo:

• Ukusuka emanzini angcolileyo: Le yindlela ephambili. Ingadluliselwa ngokusela amanzi anganyangwanga, okanye ngokuginya amanzi avela kumachibi, kumadama okudada, kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa zamanzi, okanye kweminye imidlalo yasemanzini. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-chlorine esetyenziswa kumadama okudada ayibulali i-Cryptosporidium parasite. Xa izifo zisasazeka ukusuka kumadama okudada kawonke-wonke, ezona zifo zixelwayo zibangelwa yile parasite.
• Ekutyeni okungacocekanga: kwiziqhamo nemifuno ehlanjwe kakubi, kwi-apple cider engagayiwanga iintsholongwane, kubisi olungagayiwanga iintsholongwane, nakukutya okwenziwe ngazo.
• Kwizinto ezingcolileyo kunye neendawo ezimdaka: Ukuba uchukumisa izinto okanye iindawo ezichukunyiswe ngumntu one-cryptosporidiosis uze uchukumise umlomo wakho okanye utye ukutya ngezo zandla, unokosulelwa kukunyamekela okanye ukutshintsha iinabukeni zomntu onesifo (kuquka nabantwana abancinci).
• Kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane: Oku kungasasazeka xa kuchukumisa izilwanyana kwindawo yogcino-zilwanyana okanye xa kuchukumisa izilwanyana zasefama.
• Ukuba nesondo nomntu one-cryptosporidiosis: Olu asilosulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Nangona kunjalo, lunokusasazeka ukuba uchukumisa i-anus yomnye umntu okanye indawo ejikeleze loo mntu ngomlomo, ngezandla, okanye ngamalungu esini.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba uye kuhambo olumnandi nabahlobo bakho waza wangena emanzini okanye emlanjeni, waza waginya amanzi ngokungazi. Okanye, masithi, wangena emanzini okudada kawonke-wonke waza waginya amanzi. Ezi ziimeko apho i-Cryptosporidium parasite inokuthi ingene emzimbeni.

Ingaba esi sisifo esosulelayo?

Ewe, i-cryptosporidiosis sisifo esosulelayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, nokuba ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. Ukuba une-cryptosporidiosis, ukuba awuzihlambi kakuhle izandla zakho emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, esi silwanyana sinokungena kuyo nayiphi na into oyichukumisayo. Ukuba uya kudada ngelixa ugula, amanzi anokungcoliswa kwaye unokosulela omnye umntu.

Ukuba omnye umntu uchukumisa indawo oyingcolisileyo, okanye ukuba amanzi ohlambe ngawo aya emlonyeni womntu, naye unokugula.

Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?

I-Cryptosporidiosis ifunyaniswa ngokuvavanya isampuli yendle . Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika ibhotile ecocekileyo aze akufundise indlela yokuqokelela isampuli. Ngezinye iintsuku indle yakho isenokuba neentsholongwane ezininzi, ngelixa kwezinye iintsuku inokuba nezimbalwa kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kungathatha iintsuku ezininzi ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, ugqirha uza kukuhlola aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yempilo.

Luthini unyango?

Uninzi lwabantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezinamandla bayasinda kwi-cryptosporidiosis ngaphandle konyango olukhethekileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okucoca umzimba okanye i-IV hydration, kunye namayeza okuthintela urhudo.

Kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezisempilweni, kukwakho namayeza okulwa neentsholongwane angasetyenziswa ukunyanga i-cryptosporidiosis. La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela iintsholongwane ze-protozoan ezifana ne-Cryptosporidium ukuba zingakhuli emzimbeni.

Ukuba unesifo esifihlakeleyo esenza amajoni akho omzimba abe buthathaka, ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulawule eso sifo, nto leyo enokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-cryptosporidiosis.

Yintoni ongafanele uyitye okanye uyisele xa unesi sifo?

Ukuba une-cryptosporidiosis, kufuneka uziphephe ukutya neziselo ezinokwenza urhudo kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kube mandundu. Umzekelo, utywala kunye neziselo ezine-caffeine (ezifana nekofu neti) azilunganga. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuphepha ukutya okune-lactose (ezifana nobisi kunye neemveliso zobisi) kunokunciphisa ixesha lorhudo. Kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba yintoni omele uyitye nengafanele uyitye.

Ngawaphi amayeza e-cryptosporidiosis?

Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu zakho kunye nokuba unezinye iimeko ezifihlakeleyo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjengala:

• Amayeza okulwa ne-protozoal: I-Nitazoxanide (Alinia®) inokunciphisa ixesha lokugula kwakho ngenxa ye-cryptosporidiosis. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, eli yeza lisenokungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Amayeza okulwa norhudo: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjenge -diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil®) okanye i-loperamide (Imodium®) ukunceda ekupheliseni urhudo. Oku kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokulahleka kweeminerali ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni.
• Unyango lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika ulwelo olukhethekileyo lokukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni nokubuyisela ii-electrolytes ezilahlekileyo (iiminerali ezibalulekileyo ukuze umzimba usebenze kakuhle).

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

I-Loperamide inokubangela iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo ukuba ithathwa kakhulu. Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sesibindi, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise eli yeza.

Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise iNitazoxanide, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unesifo sesibindi okanye sezintso, iingxaki zenyongo okanye i-bile duct, okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.

Uzilawula njani iimpawu ekhaya?

Xa usekhaya une-cryptosporidiosis, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni kwaye uqaphele iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu.

• Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo:Amanzi, umhluzi, iziselo zemidlalo, okanye izisombululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo (umz., iJeevani, iPedialyte®) zezona zinto zilungileyo zokuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Amayeza orhudo afumaneka ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha: Amayeza anjenge -loperamide (Imodium®) kunye ne-bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol®, Kaopectate®) anokunceda ekumiseni urhudo. Nangona kunjalo, buza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uwasebenzise la mayeza. Musa ukunika iintsana okanye abantwana amayeza ngaphandle kokujonga kuqala kugqirha wabo wabantwana.
• Lumka kwiimpawu: Ukuba awukwazi ukugcina nantoni na iphantsi, okanye ukuba unesifo sorhudo esinzima ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezilishumi ngemini, bona ugqirha wakho. Usenokufuna ulwelo lwe-IV okanye isondlo.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ukuba unikwe amayeza okulwa ne-protozoal e-cryptosporidiosis, kungathatha iintsuku ezintlanu nangaphezulu ukuba uphile. Thatha onke amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, nokuba uzive ungcono.

Oku kungancitshiswa njani? (Iindlela zokuthintela)

I-Cryptosporidiosis isasazeka lula kakhulu. Izicoci zezandla ezisebenzisa utywala okanye i-chlorine emachibini okudada aziyibulali i-Cryptosporidium parasite. Ke ngoko, ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuzikhusela kuyo kukuba ulumke kwiindawo apho i-Cryptosporidium inokubakho khona, uhlambe izandla kakuhle, kwaye uzigcine ucoceko oluhle xa ulungiselela ukutya. Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, kungcono ukuphepha amachibi okudada kawonke-wonke kunye nemidlalo yasemanzini.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa ukwenzeka nokusasazeka kwe-cryptosporidiosis:

• Musa ukudada ukuba unesifo sesisu. Musa ukudada de kube ziiveki ezimbini emva kokuba isisu siphelile.
• Kuphephe ukufumana amanzi emlonyeni wakho xa uhlamba emachibini, emilanjeni, okanye kumadama okudada kawonke-wonke.
• Musa ukusela amanzi anganyangwanga okanye ubisi olungacocwanga. Xa usela amanzi avela kwimithombo engathandabuzekiyo, sela amanzi abilayo ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Hlamba iziqhamo nemifuno kakuhle, uyixobule, okanye uyipheke ngaphambi kokuba uyitye.
• Ukuba uchukumisa izilwanyana zasefama okanye izilwanyana kwi-zoo, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha ngaphambi kokuba uchukumise ubuso bakho okanye utye.
• Fundisa abantwana abancinci umkhwa wokuhlamba izandla zabo kakuhle besebancinci. Bafundise ukuhlamba izandla zabo emva kokuphatha izilwanyana nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Sebenzisa ikhondom okanye idama lamazinyo rhoqo xa usenza isondo. Kuphephe ukulala ngesondo iiveki ezimbini emva kokuba iimpawu zakho ziphelile.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unesifo esi?

Kubantu abaninzi, i-cryptosporidiosis iyazithintela .Isifo, oko kukuthi, esibonakala siphucuka ngokwaso. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomjikelo wobomi besi sifo, iimpawu zakho zinokuphela zize ziphinde zivele.

Nokuba iimpawu zakho ziyeka, usenokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye kangangeeveki ezimbini. Ngoko ke, qhubeka uthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko nokuba sele uphilile. Musa ukudada emachibini kawonke-wonke okanye ulale ngesondo iiveki ezimbini emva kokuba iimpawu zakho ziyekile.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-crypto?

Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba inamandla, i-cryptosporidiosis idla ngokuziphelela kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu kangangeentsuku ezingama-30 nangaphezulu, kunye neempawu eziza ziphinde ziphele. Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka, iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?

Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, usenokudlulisela i-cryptosporidiosis komnye umntu, ngoko buza umqeshi wakho okanye isikolo sakho ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ningabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

I-Cryptosporidiosis inokuba nzima ukuyiphepha ukuba iphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezincinci kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ukulahlekelwa lulwelo oluninzi kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, kuquka:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu.
• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte , okunokubangela iingxaki entliziyweni nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• Umthamo wolwelo lomzimba ophantsi (`Hypovolemia`).

Kwakhona, izifo ze-bile duct, gallbladder, okanye i-pancreas zinokubakho njengeengxaki ze-cryptosporidiosis. Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki zokukhula emva kokufumana i-cryptosporidiosis.

Ngaba i-cryptosporidiosis inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Kubantu abaninzi, inkqubo yomzimba yokulwa ne-cryptosporidium kwaye isuse iimpawu ze-cryptosporidiosis. Amayeza anokunceda ekunyangeni i-cryptosporidiosis. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu onenkqubo yomzimba ebuthathaka, i-cryptosporidiosis isenokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iimpawu zinokuhlala iminyaka.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-cryptosporidiosis, ingakumbi ukuba uphuma amanzi amdaka emathumbu amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, bona ugqirha wakho. Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko .

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba awukwazi ukugcina ukutya okanye isiselo siphantsi, unesifo sohudo esinamanzi ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezilishumi ngemini, okanye uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane. Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ziquka:

• Ukudideka.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuba buthathaka kwengqondo.
• Ukuziva unesizungu xa umi.
• UmchamoUkuchama kancinci kakhulu okanye akukho kwaphela ('Akuchami okanye akuchami kakhulu').
• Umchamo onombala omnyama (`Umchamo onombala omnyama (umchamo)`).

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Xa usiya kugqirha, kungcono ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ungazilawula njani iimpawu ekhaya?
• Ngawaphi amayeza endingawaselayo xa ndinengxaki yesifo?
• Ndifanele nditye ntoni kwaye ndisele ntoni? Ndifanele ndingayityi okanye ndingayiseli ntoni?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokuphepha ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni?
• Ndingenza ntoni xa iimpawu zam zisiba mandundu okanye zitshintsha?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndikubone okanye ndiye kwigumbi likaxakeka?
• Ndingakuthintela njani ukusasaza i-cryptosporidiosis kwabanye?

Okokugqibela, amanqaku ambalwa abalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Cryptosporidiosis yimeko esasazeka lula kwaye kunokuba nzima ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona idla ngokuziphelela, kukho umngcipheko weengxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Lumka kakhulu ukuze ungangenwa yiCryptosporidium, ingakumbi ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.

Ukuba unesi sifo, yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuze ungosuleli abanye. Nokuba unentlungu encinci, inokuba yingozi ebomini bomnye umntu. Iindlela ezilungileyo zococeko (ingakumbi ukuhlamba izandla), ukutya okukhuselekileyo kunye nemikhwa yamanzi zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuzikhusela koku. Ukuba uneempawu, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kagqirha.

I- Cryptosporidiosis, i-Cryptosporidium, urhudo, isisu esibuhlungu, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, usulelo lwezibungu, izifo ezisasazeka emanzini