Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntu omdala ohlala nawe, mhlawumbi umama wakho, utata, umakhulu okanye utatomkhulu, ebephilile izolo, kodwa ngequbuliso uziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo namhlanje. Intetho yabo ayicacanga, basenokungakuqondi, basenokungazi nokuba baphi okanye lixesha lini. Le meko yequbuliso yokudideka, ukuphazamiseka kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokucinga yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'delirium' ngokwezonyango.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Delirium?
I-Delirium yimeko yokudideka kwengqondo okwethutyana eyenzeka ngequbuliso, kangangeeyure okanye iintsuku. Ichaphazela indlela ocinga ngayo, inkumbulo yakho, ukuqonda okukungqongileyo, kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukugxila. Oku kunokubangela ukuba uziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kakhulu kunendlela obuqhele ukwenza ngayo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-delirium yingxaki yezonyango . Ayikuko ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kancinci kancinci njenge-dementia. Yinto efika ngequbuliso. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha umntu onesifo se-dementia unokuba ne-delirium.
Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ukuba unobangela ufunyenwe kwaye unyangwa ngokukhawuleza, le meko inokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela umonakalo ohlala ixesha elide ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, nokufa.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-delirium?
Ewe, i-Delirium inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Olu hlobo lusekelwe kwindlela isigulane esiziphatha ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntlobo zinokutshintshatshintsha.
| Uhlobo lwe-Delirium | Zinjani iimpawu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuphambana Okugqithisileyo | Olu lolona hlobo silubona rhoqo. Isigulana asihlali kakuhle kwaye siyaphazamiseka. Asihlali ndawo. Sisenokukhwaza, sizame ukuvuka ebhedini, okanye sizame ukususa ityhubhu yetyuwa esandleni saso. Kucacile ukuba asiqondanga kakuhle. |
| I-Delirium engasebenzi kakuhle | Olu hlobo lunzima kancinci ukulubona. Kuba isigulana sithule kakhulu, silala. Asiphenduli kakuhle xa sithetha naso. Sicotha kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi basenokungawunaki lo mbandela njengokudinwa ngenxa yesifo. Kodwa oku kukwayingozi. |
| I-Mixed Delirium | Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu zeentlobo zombini ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ziyatshintshana. Usenokuphazamiseka kakhulu ngelinye ixesha losuku, uze uthule kakhulu kwaye ulale ngelinye ixesha. |
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu ze-delirium zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Kwakhona, iimpawu azisoloko zisenzeka imini yonke, ziyafika ziphinde zidlule. Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu ziba mandundu ebusuku.
Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili oza kuzibona:
- Ukulahlekelwa lulwazi ngezinto ezikungqongileyo: Ukungakwazi ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezinje ngokuba uphi (ekhaya, esibhedlele), ukuba ngowuphi umhla, okanye ukuba lixesha lini.
- Ubunzima bokugxila: Ukungakwazi ukugxila kwinto enye. Ukulibala ngokukhawuleza oko kuthethwayo. Ukungakwazi ukugcina iingcinga kwindawo enye.
- Iingxaki zenkumbulo: Ukulibala iziganeko zakutshanje, amagama abantu, kunye neziganeko.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha: Ubunzima bokwenza amagama, intetho engangqinelaniyo, kunye neempendulo ezingabalulekanga kwimibuzo.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha: Ukuba nomsindo ngequbuliso, ukucaphuka, ukuba lusizi, ukungahlaliseki. Ngamanye amaxesha uyacotha kakhulu, ulele.
- Utshintsho kwiindlela zokulala: Ukuziva ulele emini kwaye uvuke ebusuku. Ukulala kuyatshintsha ngokupheleleyo.
- Izinto ezingabonakaliyo: Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo ngokwenene (ezifana nezinambuzane, izilwanyana, abantu), ukuva izandi ezingekhoyo ngokwenene.
- Ukukhohlisa: Ukukholelwa ukuba izinto ziyinyani nokuba zingqinwa ukuba aziyonyani. Umzekelo, ukucinga ukuba umntu uzama ukuzityhefa okanye ukuba ubanjwe.
Zithini izizathu ze-delirium?
I-Delirium ayibangelwa luxinzelelo esijongene nalo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Iyenzeka xa umzimba okanye ingqondo iphantsi koxinzelelo lomzimba olungenakunyamezelwa. Nantoni na ephazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo okuqhelekileyo inokubangela loo nto.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili:
- Izifo ezinzulu: Ingakumbi izifo zomchamo kunye nezifo zemiphunga (i-pneumonia) zezona zinto zibangela ukuba abantu abadala baphelelwe lithemba.
- Utyando: Le meko inokwenzeka emva kotyando olukhulu, ngenxa ye-anesthesia kunye noxinzelelo emzimbeni.
- Amayeza athile: Izinto ezifana neepilisi zokudambisa iintlungu, iipilisi zokulala, kunye nezinye iipilisi zokunganyamezelani zinokubangela le meko, ingakumbi xa usela amayeza amaninzi ngaxeshanye.
- Utywala okanye iziyobisi: I-Delirium inokubakho ngenxa yeempawu zokurhoxa ezenzeka xa umntu obesele kakhulu ngequbuliso eyeka ukusela.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokungabikho kokutya okunempilo: Ukuncipha komthamo wamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokungabikho kwesondlo esifunekayo.
- Iimeko zonyango ezingxamisekileyo: Iimeko ezinje ngokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, okanye ukuphefumla okunzima.
- Intlungu: Ukuba nentlungu enzima nengalawulekiyo.
- Ukulaliswa esibhedlele: Indawo esibhedlele, apho wahlulwe kwindawo oqhelene nayo, ungqongwe ngabantu ongabaziyo, kwaye uvalelwe ebhedini uneetyhubhu endaweni yazo, inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwabanye abantu.
- Ukuqhinwa: Nokuba ukuqhinwa okukhulu ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba ngunobangela woku.
Ngubani onokuthi achaphazeleke kakhulu koku?
Nangona i-delirium inokwenzeka nakubani na wanoma yimuphi ubudala, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Banobunzima bokutshintshela engqondweni nasemzimbeni njengoko bekhula.
- Abantu abasele benesifo esinxulumene nenkumbulo esifana ne-dementia.
- Abantu abakhe baba ne-delirium ngaphambili.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo nesifo semiphunga.
- Abantu abangaboniyo okanye abanengxaki yokuva (xa bengazisebenzisi iiglasi okanye izixhobo zokuva).
- Abantu abaxhomekeke kutywala okanye kwiziyobisi.
- Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza amaninzi ngaxeshanye.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yokuphambana kwengqondo?
Ukuba i-delirium ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezi zezokwexeshana kwaye ezinye zinokuba zezexesha elide.
- Ukuwa nokwenzakala: Ukudideka kunokukhokelela ekuweni ebhedini, ekuweni xa uhamba, kunye nokwenzakala okufana nokuphuka kwamathambo.
- Izilonda zebhedi: Ukuhlala ebhedini kwindawo efanayo ixesha elide kunokubangela izilonda zesikhumba.
- I-Aspire Pneumonia: I-pneumonia enzima ebangelwa kukutya, isiselo, okanye amathe angena emiphungeni ngenxa yokudideka.
- Ukungondleki kakuhle kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Kuba nje ungatyi okanye ungaseli.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elide kwamandla okucinga (ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo).
- Ukuqala okutsha okanye ukuba mandundu kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
- Ukulahlekelwa yikhono lokusebenza ngokuzimela.
Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?
Akukho vavanyo lunye oluchonga ngokukodwa i-delirium. Ugqirha wenza uxilongo ngokuqwalasela izinto ezininzi kunye.
1. Ukubuza ngeempawu: Buza isigulana nosapho ngeenkcukacha malunga nendlela ezi nguqu eziqale ngayo kunye neempawu abanazo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha kwesigulana lutshintsha kangakanani.
2. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Isigulana sihlolwa kakuhle.
3. Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Luvavanya izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, amandla okucinga, kunye nokulinganisela.
4. Uvavanyo: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela we-delirium.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ukuba azikho na izifo, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, ukusebenza kwezintso nesibindi, njl.
- Uvavanyo lomchamo: Jonga ukuba kukho usulelo lomchamo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukujonga imeko efana ne-pneumonia.
- Uvavanyo lwe-ECG: Jonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kobuchopho: Kwenziwa kuphela xa kukho isikrokro semeko efana nestroke.
Iphathwa njani?
Injongo ephambili yokunyanga i-delirium kukufumana nokunyanga unobangela wesifo. Umzekelo, ii-antibiotics zinikwa ukuba zibangelwa lusulelo. I-saline inikwa ukuba ibangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Xa unobangela unyangwa, imeko ye-delirium iphucuka kancinci kancinci.
Kwangaxeshanye, unyango oluxhasayo lunikezelwa ukuze kunikelwe intuthuzelo nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesigulana. Ngelixa abasebenzi bezonyango besenza ezi zinto esibhedlele, ungazenza nasekhaya.
- Yenza indawo ezolileyo: Gcina igumbi lesigulana lizolile kwaye lizolile. Cima izibane ebusuku ukuze ulale kakuhle.
- Nika ukutya okunempilo kunye nolwelo olufanelekileyo: Ukutya okunempilo kubalulekile ukuze umzimba uphile.
- Ukudala ukuqhelana: Zisa izinto eziqhelekileyo ekhaya (imifanekiso, iingubo) uze uzigcine zikufutshane. Isigulana siya kufumana intuthuzelo xa amalungu osapho ethetha naso rhoqo.
- Ukuqonda ihlabathi elibangqongileyo: Gcina ikhalenda enkulu kunye newotshi kwindawo ebonakalayo. Bakhumbuze rhoqo ukuba lixesha lini kwaye ngowuphi umhla.
- Iiglasi kunye nezixhobo zokuva: Ukuba isigulana siyazisebenzisa, masizisebenzise ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze zingaphulukani nendawo ezikuyo.
- Shukumisa kangangoko unako: Njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisile, ukuhambahamba kancinci nokwenza umthambo wolula amalungu akho kulungele umzimba wakho nengqondo yakho.
Ngaba kukho naliphi na iyeza elikhethekileyo kule meko?
Okwangoku akukho mayeza athile avunyiweyo ukunyanga i-delirium. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha basebenzisa amayeza ukulawula iimpawu.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okugqithisileyo: Ukuba isigulana sisengozini yokuzilimaza okanye yokuzilimaza abanye, kunikwa amayeza aphantsi okubulala iingqondo okwethutyana elifutshane ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
- Iimpawu zokurhoxa kotywala: Ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangelwa yile nto, kunikwa amayeza anjenge- benzodiazepines .
- Usulelo: Ukuba lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane, kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
- Ekupheleni kobomi: Kunikwa amayeza ahlukeneyo ukunciphisa iintlungu nokungonwabi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba onke la mayeza anikwa phantsi kweliso elibukhali likagqirha. Akufuneki unike naluphi na unyango lwesi simo okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Ngaba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokuthintelwa?
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo le nto, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Ezi zibaluleke ngakumbi xa ilungu losapho elalupheleyo liza kulaliswa esibhedlele.
- Imikhwa emihle yempilo: Gcina ingqondo nomzimba wakho usebenza. Lala ngokwaneleyo. Hlala unxibelelana nabantu.
- Nciphisa amayeza anobungozi: Thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza anokubangela ukudideka.
- Lumka iimpawu zokuqala: Ukuba ubona notshintsho oluncinci kwindlela yokuziphatha, ingakumbi kwizigulana ezibhedlele, yazisa ugqirha okanye umongikazi ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukufundisa amalungu osapho: Ukuba kukho umntu osengozini ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu kusapho aqaphele iimpawu ze-delirium.
I-Delirium ingaba ngamava othusayo kumguli nakubanakekeli bakhe. Kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu ukubona umntu omthandayo ngequbuliso esenza ngathi ngumntu owahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa khumbula, kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kuyenzeka okwexeshana . Ukuba unobangela ufunyenwe kwaye unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, iimpawu ziya kuba ngcono. Ngoko ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ezi mpawu kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Delirium ayisiyo i-dementia. Endaweni yokuba sisifo esikhula kancinci kancinci, yimeko yokudideka kwengqondo efika ngequbuliso kangangeeyure okanye iintsuku .
- Le yingxamiseko yezonyango.Ukuba ubona iimpawu, ingakumbi kumntu omdala, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele.
- Eyona nxalenye yonyango kunyango lwemeko ebangela loo nto . I-Delirium idla ngokuphela xa kunyangwa unobangela, njengosulelo okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Njengabanakekeli, ukubabonelela ngendawo ezolileyo neqheleneyo nokubagcina benolwazi ngezinto ezibangqongileyo luncedo olukhulu kwinkqubo yokuphiliswa.
- Uninzi lweemeko ze-delirium zizinto zexesha elifutshane kwaye zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango olufanelekileyo , ngoko ke kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ungoyiki.
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