Ngaba umntwana wakho usakuncumela? Okanye kubonakala ngathi ulibele ukuqengqeleka okanye ukuhamba njengabanye abantwana? Kuqhelekile ukuba umama okanye utata abe nomdla kancinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abe noloyiko, malunga nokukhula komntwana wakhe. Kungokwemvelo ukuthelekisa umntwana wakho nabanye abantwana. Ngoko ke, ukuze ufumane iimpendulo zale mibuzo engqondweni yakho, masithethe namhlanje malunga nokulibaziseka kokukhula, oko kukuthi, 'ukulibaziseka kokukhula'.
Yintoni kanye kanye ukulibaziseka kophuhliso?
Ngamafutshane, ukulibaziseka kokukhula kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho ufike kade ekufikeleleni kwimigangatho ethile yokukhula xa ethelekiswa nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo.
Ngoku, zeziphi ezi ziganeko zophuhliso? Khawucinge nje...
- Ixesha lokuqala umntwana ekujongile aze ancume.
- Ukujika intamo nokujika.
- Ndizama ukuma ndibambelele kwinto ethile.
- Uphakamisa isandla sakho uthi "Tata".
- Inyathelo lokuqala kukuba nayo.
- Ukuthetha igama lokuqala elifana nelithi "mama" okanye "tata".
Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba ziindlela zophuhliso. Zisebenza kuzo zonke iinkalo zokudlala, ukufunda, ukuthetha, ukuziphatha, kunye nentshukumo.
Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ayingabo bonke abantwana abafanayo. Abanye abantwana bahamba kwangethuba kancinci, abanye bahamba emva kwexesha. Kufana nokuba ayingabo bonke abantu abawela umgca wokugqibela ngaxeshanye kumdyarho. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho ufike emva kwexesha kancinci kwinto ethile akuthethi ukuba usoloko enengxaki yokukhula.
Sibiza umntwana ngokuba libaziseko lokukhula xa ehlala elibazisa ukwenza izinto ezilindelekileyo kuye xa eneminyaka ethile.
Ziziphi iinkalo eziphambili zokukhula komntwana?
Ukukhula komntwana akuthethi nje ukuba ukhula ngokwasemzimbeni. Kwangaxeshanye, izinto ezininzi ziyakhula, ezifana nengqondo yakhe, iimvakalelo, izakhono zonxibelelwano, kunye nezakhono zentlalo. Masiwahlule la macandelo ophuhliso abe ziinkalo eziphambili ezininzi. Ezi zezona ndawo ziphambili apho ukulibaziseka kunokubonwa khona.
| Indawo yoPhuhliso | Kwenzeka ntoni apha? (Kalula nje) |
|---|---|
| Izakhono zokuqonda | Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokucinga, ukufunda izinto ezintsha, nokuqonda ulwazi. Umntwana obambezeleka kule ndawo unokuba nobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo nokusombulula iingxaki. |
| Izakhono zentlalo nezeemvakalelo | Ukukwazi ukuhlalisana nabanye, ukuveza iimvakalelo zabo, nokunxibelelana neemfuno zabo. Umntwana onengxaki yokulibaziseka kule ndawo unokuba nobunzima bokuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye, ukugcina incoko, kunye nokuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. |
| Izakhono zoThetha noLwimi | Ukusebenzisa nokuqonda ulwimi. Umntwana onengxaki yokulibaziseka kule ndawo unokuba nobunzima bokuthetha amagama okanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu. |
| Izakhono Ezilungileyo Nezopheleleyo Zeemoto | Ukukwazi ukulawula izihlunu ezincinci (umz., iminwe) kunye nezihlunu ezinkulu (umz., imilenze, iingalo) zomzimba. Umntwana onemisipha emincinci ebambekayo unokuba nobunzima bokubamba, ukufaka imibala, nokubhala. Umntwana onemisipha emincinci ebambekayo unokuba nobunzima bokuqengqeleka, ukuhlala phantsi, nokuhamba. |
Yintoni ukuLibaziseka koPhuhliso lweHlabathi?
Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana unokuba nokulibaziseka kwindawo enye kuphela. Umzekelo, usenokuba nokulibaziseka kuphela ekuthetheni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka okukhulu kwiindawo ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zibalulekileyo esisandula ukuthetha ngazo, oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi yiGlobal Developmental Delay .
Ingaba oku kunxulumene ne-autism? Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?
Le yingxaki ebanayo abazali abaninzi. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokulibaziseka kokukhula, kwaye kukwakho nokukhubazeka kokukhula okufana ne -Autism Spectrum Disorder .
- Ukulibaziseka kokukhula: Oku kwenzeka xa umntwana ecotha kancinci kunabanye abantwana ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezithile. Njengomntwana ofika emva kwexesha eklasini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uchongiwe kwangethuba kwaye unikwe inkxaso efunekayo, oko kukuthi, unyango noqeqesho (ukungenelela kwangethuba), aba bantwana banokufikelela koontanga babo.
- Ukukhubazeka koPhuhliso:Iimeko ezifana ne-autism ziwela kolu didi. Ezi asizizo izinto eziziphelela zodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kodwa zihlala ziyimeko yobomi bonke. I-Autism yimeko yophuhliso lwe-neurological echaphazela uphuhliso lobuchopho. Abantwana abane-autism banokuba nobunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye, ukunxibelelana, kunye nokusebenzisana nabantu.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ngoko nangoko ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokulibaziseka kokukhula okanye imeko efana ne-autism.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, nokuba ingxaki iyintoni na, ukuyichonga kwangethuba nokunika umntwana uncedo aludingayo kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lakhe.
Zithini iimpawu zokulibaziseka kophuhliso?
Iimpawu zokulibaziseka kokukhula ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Ezi zezinye zezinto onokuzibona xa unyamekela umntwana wakho.
- Ukuqengqeleka, ukuhlala phantsi, ukukhasa, nokuhamba kuyalibaziseka.
- Ubunzima bokubamba izinto ezincinci ngeminwe yakho, ukubamba ipensele, kunye nombala.
- Ubunzima bokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye.
- Xa kuvela ingxaki, kunzima ukucinga ngendlela yokuyisombulula.
- Ubunzima bokudlala nabanye abantwana nokuba nobudlelwane nabanye abantu.
- Ukulibaziseka kokuthetha okanye ubunzima bokuthetha.
- Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto.
- Ukungakwazi ukuqonda imiphumo yezenzo zomntu.
Musa ukoyikiswa yenye okanye ezimbini zezi mpawu. Kodwa ukuba uhlala ubona ezinye zezi zinto, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.
Kutheni abantwana benokulibaziseka kangaka?
Inyaniso kukuba, kunzima ukuchonga unobangela ochanekileyo wokulibaziseka kophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ezinye iimeko.
- Izinto ezibangela ufuzo: Ezinye iimeko zofuzo, ezifana ne -Down syndrome okanye i-fragile X syndrome, zinokubangela ukulibaziseka kokukhula.
- Ezinye izinto kunye nokusingqongileyo:
- Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukuvezwa kwizinto ezinje ngotywala neziyobisi.
- Ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezinobungozi emva kokuzalwa: Ukufunxa izinto ezifana nelothe.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa.
- Umoya-mpilo onganeleyo ekuzalweni.
- Ukungabikho kokutya okufanelekileyo.
- Iimeko zempilo ezifana nosulelo lwendlebe rhoqo kunye neengxaki zokubona.
- Umntwana ukhe wachaphazeleka kakhulu (umz. ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana).
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto? (Uvavanyo lophuhliso)
Indlela oogqirha abayisebenzisayo ukujonga uphuhliso lomntwana wakho ibizwa ngokuba kukuhlolwa kophuhliso . Olu asilovavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lwelabhoratri.
Ngokwesiqhelo xa usisa umntwana wakho ekliniki, ugqirha uya kwenza olu vavanyo. Kwenzeka ntoni apho:
- Ugqirha ukubuza imibuzo malunga nomntwana.
- Sithetha size sidlale nomntwana size sijonge indlela afunda, athetha, aziphatha ngayo, nashukuma ngayo.
- Mhlawumbi unganikwa nephepha lemibuzo oza kulizalisa.
Olu vavanyo luza kunceda ugqirha aqonde ukuba ukukhula komntwana wakho kuyinto eqhelekileyo na, okanye ukuba ufuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo okanye uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Ekubeni umntwana ngamnye wahlukile, ugqirha uza kujonga imeko yomntwana iyonke aze afikelele kwisigqibo.
Kutheni olu vavanyo lubalulekile?
Ukuba ukulibaziseka akubonwanga kwangethuba, kuya kuba sekulithuba kakhulu ukuba umntwana afumane uncedo aludingayo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kuye ukufunda, kwaye ukulibaziseka kunokukhula ngakumbi. Okukhona umntwana efumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ikamva lakhe liya kuba ngcono.
Ukuba ndifumanisa ukuba umntwana wam ulibazisekile, kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho ulibazisekile ekukhuleni kwakhe, angamthumela umntwana wakho kwezinye iingcali okanye iingcali zonyango. Ezi zingabandakanya:
- Ingcali yokuva
- Ingcali yokunyanga intetho
- Ugqirha wezifo zophuhliso
- Ingcali yezifo zengqondo
- Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zokungenelela kwangethuba
Masifunde ngeenkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Early Intervention.
Iinkonzo zoNcedo lwaKwangoko ziinkonzo zenkxaso ezikhethekileyo zeentsana nabantwana abancinci (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala) abaneengxaki ezithile zokukhula. Ezi nkonzo zibonelela ngonyango noqeqesho olufunekayo ekuphuhlisweni komntwana.
Abantwana abafumana uncedo kwezi nkonzo baquka:
- Iintsana ezingekafiki ixesha
- Abantwana abaneengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo
- Abantwana abalibazisekayo ekuthetheni, ekucingeni, ekudlaleni, okanye ekushukumeni
- Kubandakanya abantwana abanengxaki yokubona okanye yokuva.
Ukuba umntwana wakho uyafaneleka kwezi nkonzo, iqela leengcali liza kudala iSicwangciso seNkonzo yoSapho esiHlanganisiweyo (IFSP) . Oko kukuthi, isicwangciso esilungiselelwe iimfuno zomntwana wakho kunye nosapho lwakho. Esi sicwangciso sinokubandakanya iinkonzo ezifana nezi:
- Unyango lokuthetha
- Ulungiso lwenyama
- Unyango lomsebenzi
- Ingcebiso noqeqesho losapho
- Iinkonzo zesondlo
- Kufuneka izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (iteknoloji yokuncedisa)
Njengomzali ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho?
Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokukhula kakuhle, zininzi izinto onokuzenza njengomzali, ukongeza kunyango.
1. Dlala nomntwana wakho: Ukudlala kuphuhlisa izakhono ezahlukeneyo zomntwana. Umzekelo, ukudlala ngezinto ezifana ne-play-dough kuphuhlisa izakhono zomzimba. Ukudlala kwindawo yokudlala kuphuhlisa izakhono zomzimba kunye nezakhono zentlalo. Ukudlala nabanye kuphuhlisa izakhono zolwimi.
2. Funda iincwadi nomntwana wakho: Ukufundela umntwana wakho iincwadi yindlela entle yokunceda aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zolwimi. Okukhona umntwana esiva amagama amaninzi, kokukhona efunda amagama amaninzi.
3. Nciphisa Ixesha Lokubukela Isikrini: Abantwana bafunda ngcono kungengokubukela iTV okanye ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo, kodwa ngokuthetha nabanye ubuso ngobuso. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ixesha lokubukela isikrini labantwana abancinci libe ngaphezu kweyure enye ngosuku.
4. Yenza ishedyuli: Xa ubeka imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kwishedyuli enemifanekiso, kulula ukuba umntwana alandele imiyalelo aze aqonde inkqubo yemihla ngemihla.
5. Hlala unxibelelana noogqirha kunye neengcali zonyango: Thetha noogqirha kunye neengcali zonyango ezinceda umntwana wakho rhoqo. Babuze ngenkqubela yomntwana wakho kunye nento onokuyenza ekhaya.
Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kwaye usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokukhula. Kodwa khumbula, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, umntwana wakho angaphumelela aze abonise izakhono zakhe njengabanye abantwana. Ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci, ungalibazisi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Wonke umntwana ukhula ngesantya sakhe, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela amanyathelo aqhelekileyo okukhula.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, ngokuqinisekileyo thetha nogqirha wakho. Musa ukwenza izigqibo ngokusekelwe koko ukufundileyo kwi-intanethi.
- Ukulibaziseka kokukhula akufani ne-autism. Kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
- Ukungenelela kwangoko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yomntwana kwixesha elizayo. Kubalulekile ukunika uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa ingxaki ifunyenwe.
- Ngamanye amaxesha awunakufumana sizathu sale nto. Ngoko ke musa ukuziva kakubi ngayo, ucinga ukuba yimpazamo yakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunika umntwana wakho inkxaso ayidingayo.
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