Ngaba uziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Ngaba unomlomo owomileyo? Okanye kufuneka uchame rhoqo? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo seswekile. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngesi sifo esibizwa ngokuba yiDiabetes Mellitus, abantu abaninzi abasoyikayo, indlela yokusixilonga, kunye nendlela yokusinyanga ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Ndingazazi njani ukuba ndinesifo seswekile?
Ukuba unezinto ezibangela isifo seswekile, okanye ukuba umchamo wakho ubonisa amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile, ugqirha wakho unokukrokrela ukuba unesifo seswekile. Ngamafutshane, ukuba i-hormone insulin eveliswa yipancreas emzimbeni wethu iyancipha (isifo seswekile sohlobo 1) okanye ukuba umzimba awuphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin (isifo seswekile sohlobo 2), inqanaba leswekile egazini, oko kukuthi, iswekile egazini, liyakhula.
Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba ixabiso elinye lovavanyo liphezulu, uya kucebisa ukuba uvavanyo luphindwe ukuze luqinisekiswe.
| Igama lovavanyo | Indlela yokwenza | Inqanaba lokurhanelwa kwesifo seswekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuzila Iswekile Egazini (FBS) | Ukujonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini kusasa ngaphambi kokuba utye nantoni na. | Ukuba yi-126 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu. |
| Uvavanyo lokunyamezela iGlucose yomlomo (OGTT) | Sela isiselo esine-glucose kwaye ujonge iswekile yakho yegazi rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-30-60 ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-3. | Ukuba yi-200 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu emva kweeyure ezi-2. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-HbA1c (Uvavanyo lwe-A1c) | Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula olubonisa umgangatho weswekile egazini lakho oqhelekileyo kwiinyanga ezi-2-3 ezidlulileyo. | Ukuba yi-6.5% nangaphezulu. |
Ukongeza, ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yiZinc Transporter 8 Autoantibody (ZnT8Ab). Olu vavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntu unesifo seswekile sohlobo 1 okanye olunye uhlobo. Ngokufumanisa isifo kwangethuba nangokuchanekileyo, unyango olufanelekileyo lunokuqaliswa kwangethuba.
Zithini iindlela zonyango lwesifo seswekile?
Isifo seswekile asisosifo onokusinyanga wedwa. Sisifo esinzulu. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango phantsi kweliso likagqirha.
Ugqirha wakho uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe kwaye onokusiqonda. Ungadinga uncedo lwabanye oochwephesha bezempilo endleleni. Umzekelo, ungadinga uncedo logqirha weenyawo, ingcali yesondlo, ugqirha wamehlo, kunye nengcali ye-endocrinologist.
Eyona nto iphambili kunyango lwesifo seswekile kukudibanisa amayeza, umthambo, kunye nokutya ukuze ugcine amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ngaphakathi koluhlu olumiselweyo ngugqirha wakho. Ngokunika ingqalelo kwinto oyityayo kunye nexesha otya ngalo, unokunciphisa ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwamanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho (isiphumo sokuhamba kancinci). Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa imfuneko yokulungisa amayeza akho, ingakumbi idosi yakho ye-insulin, rhoqo njengoko kufuneka.
Amayeza eSifo seswekile
Unyango lweSifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1
Ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, i-pancreas yakho ayisavelisi i-insulin oyifunayo ukuze uvelise amandla. Ngoko ke kufuneka ufumane i-insulin kwimithombo yangaphandle, nokuba kungokujova okanye ngepompo ye-insulin . Nangona ukuzijova kunokubonakala kuyoyikisa ekuqaleni, akunzima njengoko ucinga.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa isixhobo esikwikhompyutha esibizwa ngokuba yi-insulin pump, esikhupha i-insulin emzimbeni ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin ezisetyenziswayo okwangoku.
| Uhlobo lwe-insulin | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza | Isebenza kwimizuzu embalwa kwaye ihlala iiyure ezi-2-4. |
| Ixesha elifutshane (Eliqhelekileyo okanye Elifutshane) | Isebenza kwimizuzu engama-30 kwaye ihlala iiyure ezi-3-6. |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi | Isebenza emva kweyure e-1-2 kwaye ihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-18. |
| Isebenza ixesha elide | Isebenza emva kweyure e-1-2 kwaye ihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24. |
| Ukusebenza ixesha elide kakhulu | Isebenza emva kweyure e-1-2 kwaye ihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-42. |
Unyango lweSifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini
Abanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini banokulawula isifo sabo ngokutya ukutya okunempilo nokuzilolonga kuphela. Abanye bafuna iipilisi okanye inaliti ye-insulin. La mayeza asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukubuyisela amanqanaba eswekile egazini esiqhelweni.
- Amayeza anyusa ukuveliswa kwe-insulin yipancreas: Imizekelo: i-glimepiride, i-glipizide, i-glyburide.
- Amayeza anciphisa ukufunxwa kweswekile ekutyeni: Umzekelo: i-acarbose (iPrecose).
- Amayeza aphucula indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo i-insulin: Imizekelo: i-pioglitazone (i-Actos).
- Amayeza anciphisa ukuveliswa kweswekile sisibindi kwaye anciphise ukumelana ne-insulin: Umzekelo: i-metformin (i-Glucophage). I-Metformin ikwanceda ukulawula iswekile kuba inceda ekunciphiseni ubunzima.
- Amayeza athintela ukufunxwa kwakhona kweswekile zizintso aze anyuse ukuphuma kwayo emchameni (ii-SGLT2 inhibitors): Imizekelo: i-canagliflozin (Invokana), i-dapagliflozin (Farxiga). Ezi zikwanazo neenzuzo ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokunciphisa umzimba kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho, ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo . Ungaze usebenzise amayeza omnye umntu okanye uyeke ukuwathatha ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.
Yintoni ekufuneka ityiwe ngabantu abanesifo seswekile?
Ukutya okunesondlo kubalulekile kumntu onesifo seswekile. Ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo ukuze wenze isicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Ukutya kunye nexesha: Ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, ubungakanani be-insulin oyithathayo buya kuxhomekeka kumsebenzi wakho kunye nokutya kwakho. Ngoko ke oko ukutyayo, ukuba utya kangakanani, kunye nexesha otya ngalo kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba utye izidlo eziphambili ezintathu kunye nezidlo ezincinci ezintathu okanye ezine.
- Umthetho wepleyiti: Zama ukugcwalisa isiqingatha sepleyiti yakho ngemifuno engenasitatshi sininzi (umz. ibroccoli, iminqathe, iikomkomere, ikhaphetshu, iitumato, iimbotyi).
- Lumka ngeekhabhohayidreyithi: Ukwazi ukuba zingaphi iikhabhohayidreyithi ozifunayo kunye nokuba utya kangakanani kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni iswekile egazini. Khetha iinkozo ezipheleleyo (umz., irayisi emdaka, irayisi emdaka, i-oats, ibhali).
- Amafutha kunye neproteni: Nciphisa amafutha agcweleyo. Susa amafutha e-trans ngokupheleleyo. Khetha inyama engenamafutha, intlanzi, amantongomane, kunye neemveliso zobisi ezingenamafutha aphantsi.
Ukubaluleka kokuzilolonga
Ukuzilolonga yenye intsika ebalulekileyo yonyango lwesifo seswekile. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na inkqubo yokuzilolonga . Ukuzilolonga kuphucula indlela umzimba wakho osebenzisa ngayo i-insulin kwaye kunokunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
- Lumka ngenxa ye-hypoglycemia: Jonga inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho malunga nesiqingatha seyure ngaphambi kokuba uzilolonge kwaye utye isidlo esincinci esineecarbohydrates ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zeswekile ephantsi egazini (isiyezi, ukubila, ukungcangcazela) ngelixa uzilolonga, yeka ukuzilolonga kwaye utye into emnandi ngoko nangoko (umz. icephe leswekile, iglucose).
- Ufanele wenze umthambo ongakanani?: Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze ubuncinci imizuzu eli-150 yomthambo ophakathi we-aerobic, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ngeveki. Qala kancinci uze unyuse ixesha kancinci kancinci.
Olu tshintsho lwendlela yokuphila luyimfuneko.
Kuphephe ukutshaya.
Yeka lo mkhwa namhlanje. Ukuba uyatshaya, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Kwaye umngcipheko wakho wokuba neengxaki ezibangelwa sisifo seswekile (isifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, umonakalo wemithambo-luvo, ubumfama) uphezulu kakhulu.
Nciphisa utywala.
Ukuba usela i-insulin okanye iipilisi ezithile zeswekile, ukusela utywala kunokubangela ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ehle ngendlela eyingozi. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa usela utywala, isibindi sakho sisebenza ukukhupha utywala endaweni yokulawula iswekile egazini lakho.
Nciphisa uxinzelelo.
Uxinzelelo lunokunyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho, ngoko ke fumana iindlela zokuphumla. Izinto ezifana nokucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nokuchitha ixesha nabahlobo zinokukunceda.
Lumka amazinyo akho kunye neentsini.
Isifo seswekile sinokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo seentsini, ngoko ke hlamba amazinyo akho kakuhle yonke imihla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona isifo seswekile sisifo esibi kakhulu, ukuba siphathwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
- Landela isicwangciso sonyango sikagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ungaze utshintshe okanye uyeke amayeza akho wedwa.
- Iintsika ezintathu zokutya, ukuzilolonga, kunye namayeza zisisiseko solawulo lwesifo seswekile.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho rhoqo.
- Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo izinto eziyingozi ezifana nokutshaya nokusela utywala kakhulu.
- Qiniseka ukuba ubonisana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa naluphi na unyango okanye izongezo.
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