Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kufuneka ukhathalele amehlo akho ngokukodwa. Isifo seswekile sinokuwonakalisa amehlo akho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-diabetic retinopathy. Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzeka xa amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ixesha elide onakalise imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka kwindawo ebuthathaka yeliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona kwanokuba yimfama. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.
Eyona nto ingcono kukuba singayithintela le meko ukuba ingenzeki okanye siyinciphise. Asinguye wonke umntu onesifo seswekile oya kuba naso. Kodwa phantse isiqingatha sabantu abanesifo seswekile banaso kwinqanaba elithile. Ingxaki enkulu kukuba kwizigaba zokuqala, akukho zimpawu. Ngoko ke usenokungazi ukuba unaso.
Amanqanaba amane e-diabetesic retinopathy
I-Diabetic Retinopathy ikhula ngamanqanaba amane aphambili. Ngoku makhe sixoxe ngokufutshane ngenqanaba ngalinye kula. Kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuqonda olu lwazi kwitheyibhile.
| Iqonga | Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kweliso | Impembelelo kumbono kunye noko kufuneka ukwenze |
|---|---|---|
| 1. I-Retinopathy Engakhuliyo Kancinci | Ii-Microaneurysms zenzeka kwimithambo yegazi emincinci kwi-retina yeliso. Ezi zinokubangela ukopha okuncinci. | Akusoloko kukho ingxaki yokubona. Lawula isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye ne-cholesterol kakuhle. Jonga amehlo akho kanye ngonyaka. |
| 2. I-Retinopathy Engakhuliyo Ephakathi | Imithambo yegazi iyadumba, kwaye eminye iyavaleka, nto leyo enciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kwi-retina. | Ukubona kungachaphazeleka. Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-DME (Diabetic Macular Edema) inokubakho. Ugqirha ucebisa ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3-6. |
| 3. I-Retinopathy Engakhulisiyo Kakhulu | Imithambo yegazi emininzi iyavaleka. Ekubeni i-retina ingenalo igazi, kuthunyelwa imiyalezo ukuze kudalwe imithambo yegazi emitsha. Izicubu ezibuhlungu zinokwenzeka. | Umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa ngumbono uphezulu. Umbono unokuba lufiphale kwaye kubonakale ukudada. Unyango lunokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi. |
| 4. I-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) | Ngenxa yokuba imithambo yegazi esandul’ ukwakheka (neovascularization) ibuthathaka, iyaqhekeka kwaye yophe ngokulula. Oku kunokukhokelela ekwakhekeni kwezicubu ezibuhlungu kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-retina. | Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Ukulahlekelwa yimbono engapheliyo kunokwenzeka. Kufuneka unyango olukhawulezileyo. |
Makhe sijonge eli nqanaba ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Amanqanaba 1 kunye nelesi-2 (I-Retinopathy Encinci Nephakathi)
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, usenokungaluboni utshintsho. Kodwa umonakalo sele uqalile ukwenzeka ngaphakathi kweliso. Kwinqanaba lesibini, imithambo yegazi iyadumba, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiDiabetic Macular Edema (DME) . Oku kuxa igazi kunye nolwelo ziqokelelana kwinxalenye yeliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-macula. Khumbula, i-macula yiyo esinceda sibone ngokucacileyo, njengokufunda, ukuqhuba, kunye nokuqaphela abantu. Xa idumba, umbono wakho uqala ukufiphala.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba wonke umntu onesifo seswekile ahlolwe amehlo akhe ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Ngale ndlela, esi sifo sinokubonwa kwasekuqaleni.
Amanqanaba esithathu nelesine (i-Severe and Proliferative Retinopathy)
Xa kufikwa kwinqanaba lesithathu, imeko iba mandundu ngakumbi. Imithambo yegazi emininzi ivalekile. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-retina ayifumani ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo. Ngelo xesha, i-retina ithumela umyalezo engqondweni, othi, "Andinagazi elaneleyo, dala imithambo yegazi emitsha."
Kwinqanaba lesine, okanye elona linzima kakhulu (i-PDR), le mithambo yegazi mitsha yingxaki. Ibuthathaka njengamagqabi kwaye iyaphuka lula. Iyaqhuma ize yophe igazi elisweni. Oku kubangela amanxeba, kwaye njengoko amanxeba encipha, i-retina inokusuka ngasemva kweliso. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -retinal detachment . Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ungalahlekelwa kukubona kwakho ngonaphakade.
Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndikweliphi inqanaba?
Awunakuzigqibela ngokwakho oku. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo yingcali. Ugqirha angenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze afumanise ngokuchanekileyo imeko yakho:
- Uvavanyo lwamehlo ngokubanzi: Lujonga ukuba ubona kakuhle kangakanani kumgama owahlukileyo.
- Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweso: Oku kulinganisa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso.
- Ukwandiswa koMfundi: Oku kuquka ukuhluza umbungu wakho ngamaconsi eliso nokuhlola ingaphakathi leliso lakho ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubona ukuba kukho umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi kwi-retina yakho.
- I-OCT scan (Optical Coherence Tomography): Oku kufana nokuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi kweliso. Isebenzisa amaza okukhanya ukuthatha imifanekiso yecandelo elinqamlezileyo le-retina ukujonga iimeko ezifana ne-DME.
- I-Fluorescein Angiogram: Oku kuquka ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Njengoko idayi ihamba negazi liye esweni lakho, ugqirha wakho usebenzisa ikhamera ekhethekileyo ukuthatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso lakho. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba kukho na igazi eliphumayo kwimithambo yegazi okanye ukuba livalekile.
Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ugqirha uza kukuchazela ukuba ukwinqanaba elingakanani na.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Ngokwesiqhelo, kumanqanaba okuqala, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga imeko yakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina amanqanaba akho eswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-cholesterol ephantsi kolawulo olufanelekileyo.
Ukuba imeko iba mandundu okanye i-DME ivele, unyango lunokufuneka.
- Inaliti zamehlo: Iinaliti zifakwa esweni ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha engaqhelekanga.
- Utyando lweLaser: Imitha yelaser isetyenziselwa ukuvala imithambo yegazi ephuma igazi nokulawula ukwakheka kwemithambo emitsha.
- Amayeza eSteroid: Ukudumba kulawulwa ngeenaliti ezineesteroids okanye izixhobo ezincinci (ii-implants) ezifakwa ngaphakathi kweliso.
Ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka unyango olungaphezulu kolunye ngaxeshanye. Khumbula, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo. Ngoko ke vuleka kwaye uthembeke kugqirha wakho ngayo yonke into.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela amehlo akho kukulawula isifo sakho seswekile kakuhle. Gcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, nokuba awunazo iimpawu .
- Ukuba le meko ifunyenwe kwangethuba , kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuthintela ukulahleka kokubona.
- Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba une-diabetic retinopathy, musa ukoyika. Yenza uvavanyo lwakho ngexesha kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo malunga naluphi na unyango, thetha ngalo kakuhle nogqirha wakho.
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