Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala enomsindo? Ngaba uyaqhuma? Le isenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-(DMDD)!

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uhlala enomsindo? Ngaba uqhuma ngezinto ezincinci? Ngamanye amaxesha unokucinga, 'Owu Thixo wam, yintoni ingxaki ngalo mntwana, uhlala enomsindo'. Enyanisweni, abanye abantwana banokuba nomsindo onjalo, ongapheliyo kunye nomsindo oqhelekileyo. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko enjalo, eyiDisruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) .

Yintoni le nto ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (DMDD)?

Ngamafutshane, esi sifo sengqondo esiphazamisayo, okanye i-DMDD ngamafutshane, yimeko yempilo yengqondo echaphazela abantwana. Kule meko, umntwana unomsindo oqatha nocaphuka ixesha elide . Bakwaba nomsindo rhoqo, okanye umsindo ophuma rhoqo .

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantwana abancinci banexesha lokuba nenkani kancinci nomsindo. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa "(DMDD)" yimeko enzima kakhulu, eqhubekayo . Olu qhushumbo lomsindo lunamandla kakhulu kwaye alulingani kwaphela nemeko yelo xesha. Oko kuthetha ukuba banomsindo kakhulu nangezinto ezincinci, ngamanye amaxesha bekhwaza, bephosa izinto phantsi, okanye bebetha abanye.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, le meko iphazamisa kakhulu ubomi bomntwana bemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi wesikolo, ubudlelwane bakhe nosapho kunye nabahlobo . Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unale meko, iimpawu kufuneka zibe ziqale ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-10 ubudala .

Ingaba i-(DMDD) iyafana ne-(ODD) okanye i-(Bipolar Disorder)? Yintoni umahluko?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, ingaba le ``(DMDD)`` iyafana ne-oppositional defiant disorder esive ngayo, efana ne``(Oppositional Defiant Disorder - ODD)``, okanye ``(Bipolar Disorder)``? Nangona kukho ukufana phakathi kwezi zinto, kukho umahluko ocacileyo. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

Ingxaki Yokuchasana Neengxaki (ODD) kunye (DMDD)

`(ODD)` yimeko apho umntwana ehlala ebonisa indlela yokuziphatha engathobeliyo, engavumiyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ade abe nobundlobongela kubantu abanegunya (umz., abazali, ootitshala) . Ezinye zeempawu ze `(ODD)` zinokufana ne `(DMDD)`. Nangona kunjalo, `(DMDD)` ithathwa njengemeko enzima ngakumbi. Kuba, kwi `(DMDD)`, kukho ikakhulu ingxaki enkulu yeemvakalelo .

Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntwana uneempawu ze-`(ODD)` kunye ne-`(DMDD)`, oogqirha badla ngokumxilonga njenge-`(DMDD)`. Oko kukuthi, i-`(DMDD)` inamandla kakhulu kune-`(ODD)`.

Isifo seBipolar kunye (DMDD)

Isifo seBipolar (BD) sisifo sengqondo esihlala ixesha elide esibonakaliswa lutshintsho olukhulu kwimood, amanqanaba amandla, iindlela zokucinga, kunye nokuziphatha.Olu tshintsho lunokuhlala iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Lunokuchaphazela nokukwazi kwakho ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ngoku, khangela, kunokubakho ukufana phakathi kwe-`(BD)` kunye ne-`(DMDD)`. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-`(BD)` ziza ngeziqendu, oko kukuthi, ngohlobo lwe -`(DMDD)`. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-`(BD)` ziyaqhubeka kwaye azipheli .

Enye into kukuba `(Bipolar Disorder)` ayixhaphakanga kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abakwishumi elivisayo. Kwakhona, `(BD)` idla ngokuba yimeko yobomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana one `(DMDD)` unamathuba amaninzi okufumana iimeko ezifana `(Major Depression Disorder)` okanye `(Generalized Anxiety Disorder)` kamva ebomini, oko kukuthi, xa sele ekhulile.

Enyanisweni, ngaphambi kokuba i-DMDD yamkelwe ngokusemthethweni njengokuxilongwa ngo-2013, abantwana abaninzi abane-DMDD bachongwa ngendlela engafanelekanga njenge-Bipolar Disorder.

Ngubani ofumana i-DMDD? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

Iimpawu ze-DMDD zihlala ziqala ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha ababaxilongi abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala okanye abantu abadala abaselula abangaphezu kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala abane-DMDD.

Ngenxa yokuba i-DMDD sisifo esitsha, akukho phando lwaneleyo lokuchaza ukuba siqheleke kangakanani na. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba esi sifo sinokuchaphazela phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-5% yabantwana eMelika. Kusenokuba kukho abantwana abanale meko eSri Lanka, kodwa kunzima ukuxela inani elichanekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko (DMDD)?

Njengoko besikhe sithethe ngayo ngaphambili, iimpawu ze-`(DMDD)` zihlala ziqala ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Umntwana one-`(DMDD)` unokufumana izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuba nomsindo okanye ukucaphuka phantse lonke ixesha. Khawucinge ngomntwana ohlala enomsindo kwaye engonwabanga ukususela ekuvukeni kwakhe kusasa de aye kulala ebusuku.
• Ukugqabhuka komsindo oqatha (nokuba ngamazwi okanye ngokuziphatha) okungafanelekanga kwaphela kwimeko leyo. Oku kudla ngokuvela kathathu nangaphezulu ngeveki. Umzekelo, umntwana usenokukhwaza, akhale, aqengqeleke, aze aphose izinto kwabanye, nokuba phezu kwento encinci njengethoyi ephukileyo. Anokuzibetha, azilume, okanye abethe abanye.
• Oku kucaphuka kunokwenza kube nzima ukusebenza kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye, nokuba kusekhaya, esikolweni, okanye nabahlobo. Lo msindo awupheleli nje ekhaya. Unokubangela iingxaki esikolweni, kootitshala, nakubahlobo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-DMDD, kubalulekile ukuba abone umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo aze afumane unyango.Kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuba, imeko `(DMDD)` inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumgangatho wobomi bomntwana, umsebenzi wesikolo. Ingachaphazela kakubi ubudlelwane nosapho kunye nabahlobo.

Yintoni ebangela i-DMDD?

Ngenxa yokuba i-DMDD sisifo esitsha, abaphandi abakaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Njenge-ODD kunye ne-BD, i-DMDD kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibangelwa yindibaniselwano enzima yezinto zebhayoloji, zemfuza, kunye nezendalo .

• Xa sithetha ngezinto zebhayoloji , mhlawumbi utshintsho kwiikhemikhali ezithile engqondweni (ii-neurotransmitters), okanye utshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo inxalenye ethile yobuchopho, lunokubandakanyeka.
• Xa sithetha ngezinto ezibangela ufuzo , ukuba kukho umntu kusapho oye waba neengxaki ezinjalo zempilo yengqondo, kunokubakho umngcipheko omncinci wokuba nomntwana abe nazo.
• Izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume zingabandakanya imeko-bume apho umntwana akhulela khona, uxinzelelo kusapho, kunye namava anzima umntwana ajongene nawo.

Kodwa ezi zisesekwinqanaba lophando. Kusekutsha kakhulu ukutsho ukuba yintoni kanye kanye imbangela.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-DMDD?

Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zixilonga i-DMDD ukuba umntwana wakho uyahlangabezana neemfuno ezichazwe kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), incwadi eqhelekileyo yeengxaki zengqondo epapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association , ubuncinane iinyanga ezili-12 .

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-DMDD, kuya kufuneka abone ugqirha wengqondo okanye ugqirha wengqondo wabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo . Aba ngcali bezempilo yengqondo bayile udliwanondlebe kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo ezikhethekileyo. Basebenzisa ezi zinto ukuvavanya ukuba umntwana unemeko yempilo yengqondo na.

Iingcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zengqondo zihlala zifumana ulwazi kubazali bomntwana, kubantakwabo, kubahlobo, nakootitshala ukuze ziqonde ngokupheleleyo indlela aziphatha ngayo umntwana.

I-DMDD ngamanye amaxesha inokwenzeka nakwezinye iimeko ezinxulumene nokucaphuka. Umzekelo, ingenzeka nge -Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) okanye iingxaki zokuxhalaba . Ke ngoko, ingcali yezengqondo yomntwana wakho okanye ugqirha wengqondo uya kuvavanya umntwana wakho kakuhle aze anike uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-DMDD?

Ngenxa yokuba i-DMDD yimeko esandul’ ukuchongwa, akukho phando lungako okwangoku malunga nonyango lwayo. Unyango lwangoku lusekelwe kakhulu kuphando olwenziwe kwezinye iimeko zobuntwana ezinxulumene nokucaphuka, ezifana nexhala kunye ne-ADHD.Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwale nyango lusebenza ngempumelelo nakwi-DMDD.

Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango lwe-DMDD kunyango lwengqondo okanye unyango lokuthetha kunye namayeza . Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa unyango lwengqondo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amayeza.

Unyango lwengqondo

Unyango lwengqondo, okanye unyango lokuthetha, luqoqo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinceda umntu ukuba abone kwaye atshintshe iimvakalelo ezingalunganga, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha.

Olu nyango lwengqondo lunikezelwa yingcali yezempilo yengqondo eqeqeshiweyo nenelayisenisi, efana nengcali yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo. Lunika umntwana wakho kunye/okanye usapho lwakho inkxaso, imfundo, kunye nolwalathiso abaludingayo ukuze bajamelane ne-DMDD.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwengqondo olunokunceda kwi-DMDD:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Olu lolunye lweendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zonyango lwengqondo. Kwi-CBT ye-DMDD, ingcali yezempilo yengqondo inceda umntwana ukuba ajonge nzulu iingcinga neemvakalelo zakhe. Umntwana ufunda indlela iingcinga zakhe ezichaphazela ngayo izenzo zakhe. Nge-CBT, umntwana unokufunda ukuyeka iingcinga nezenzo ezimbi, aze aphuhlise iindlela zokucinga ezisempilweni kunye nemikhwa . Ingcali yezempilo yengqondo ingamnceda umntwana afunde ukumelana nokukhungatheka ngaphandle kokucaphukisa.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Kwe-Dialectical (DBT): I-DBT ikwasekelwe kwi-CBT, kodwa yenzelwe ngokukodwa abantu abaneemvakalelo ezinzulu . I-DBT inokunceda umntwana wakho afunde ukulawula iimvakalelo zakhe kwaye aphephe ukugqabhuka komsindo okugqithisileyo okanye okuhlala ixesha elide.
• Uqeqesho lwabazali: Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokucebisa uqeqesho lwabazali kunye nonyango lomntwana wakho. Olu nyango lufundisa abazali okanye abanakekeli indlela yokusabela ngokufanelekileyo kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezinomsindo . Umzekelo, ngokuchonga nokuphepha iimeko ezinokubangela umsindo kumntwana wakho. Lukwagxininisa ukubaluleka kokuba ngumntu ohlala enomsindo nomntwana wakho, kunye nokusebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okunempilo.

Amayeza

Okwangoku, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayikaze ivume naluphi na unyango lwe-DMDD. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha banokunika amayeza athile ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-DMDD. Ezi ziquka:

• Izinto ezivuselela ingqondo: Oogqirha badla ngokunika izinto ezivuselela ingqondo ukunyanga i-ADHD. Uphando lubonisa ukuba izinto ezivuselela ingqondo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukucaphuka ebantwaneni abane-ADHD.
• Amayeza okudakumba: Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banika amayeza okudakumba ukunyanga ukucaphuka kunye neengxaki zeemvakalelo ezinokubakho kubantwana abane-DMDD. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba iyeza i-citalopram, xa lidibene ne-methylphenidate (isivuseleli), linciphisa ukucaphuka kubantwana abane-DMDD.
• Amayeza athile angaqhelekanga okulwa nesifo sengqondo/i-neuroleptic: Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banika la mayeza ukunyanga abantwana abanomsindo, abanomsindo oqatha, okanye abanobundlongondlongo. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha banika la mayeza kuphela kwi-DMDD ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumelelanga.

Kubalulekile: Onke amayeza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukumjonga umntwana wakho ngononophelo ukuze angazifumani naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye wazise ugqirha womntwana wakho ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Ngaba i-DMDD ingathintelwa?

I-DMDD isenokungathintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda nokuphendula iimpawu ngokukhawuleza nje xa zivela kunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kumntwana wakho nakusapho lwakho. Inokunceda nasekuthinteleni iingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene nale meko. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukungenelela kwangoko kubalulekile .

Liza kuba njani ikamva lomntwana one-DMDD?

Abantwana abane-DMDD banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu esikolweni, ekhaya, nakubudlelwane nabantu.

Ukuba abantwana abane-DMDD abanyangwa, basengozini enkulu yokuba noxinzelelo kunye/okanye iingxaki zokuxhalaba xa sele bekhulile. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-DMDD, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza .

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-DMDD, ukongeza ekunikezeni unyango lobuchwephesha, kukho iindlela ezininzi onokunceda ngazo wena nomntwana wakho:

• Funda kangangoko unako malunga ne-DMDD: Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho okanye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo. Buza imibuzo malunga neendlela zonyango kunye nophando olutsha malunga ne-DMDD.
• Nxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha womntwana wakho: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuze wenze izigqibo zonyango ezilungileyo kumntwana wakho.
• Sebenzisana notitshala womntwana wakho okanye umcebisi wesikolo: Nonke, ninokuphuhlisa amaqhinga kunye neendlela zokunceda umntwana wenu aphumelele esikolweni.
• Thatha 'ixesha lokuphumla' okanye ikhefu ukuba kuyimfuneko:Ukuba uziva ngathi wenza ingxabano nomntwana wakho ibe mandundu endaweni yokuba ibe ngcono, thatha ikhefu uhambe. Oku kumisela umzekelo omhle kumntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho ugqiba ekubeni athathe ikhefu ukuze athintele imeko embi ukuba ingaqhubeki, mxhase.
• Zikhathalele: Gcina izinto ozithandayo nezinto ozithandayo, lawula uxinzelelo, kwaye usebenze nabanye abantu abadala abajongene nomntwana wakho kwaye uzame ukufumana inkxaso yabo.

Umntwana ufanele aye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-DMDD, kwaye ukuba ukuziphatha komntwana wakho kuya kusiba mandundu okanye kuphazamisa ubomi bosapho okanye besikolo, thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho.

Abantwana nabantwana abancinci abasoloko benomsindo banokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kubazali. Nangona kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci nabantu abadala abaselula babe neemvakalelo eziguquguqukayo ngamanye amaxesha, ukuziphatha okungapheliyo nokuphazamisayo kunokubonisa imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'(DMDD)'.

Kubalulekile ukuqala unyango lwe-DMDD kwangethuba . Inyathelo lokuqala kunyango kukuthetha nogqirha okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo kugqirha womntwana wakho. Bakho ukukunceda.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo esifanele sizithathele ekhaya kweli bali?

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda ngcono imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-``(DMDD)``` esithethe ngayo namhlanje. Khumbula, nangona kuqhelekile ukuba wonke umntwana abe nomsindo, i-``(DMDD)`` yimeko enzulu echaphazela ubomi bomntwana.

• Ukuba umsindo nocaphuko lomntwana wakho lungaphezulu kwamanqanaba aqhelekileyo kwaye luyaqhubeka , kwaye ukuba luchaphazela umsebenzi wakhe wesikolo, ubomi basekhaya, okanye ubudlelwane bakhe nabahlobo , xhalaba.
• ``(DMDD)``` ayisiyo ``(ODD)`` okanye ``(Bipolar Disorder),`` kukho umahluko omkhulu kunoko.
• Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo ofanelekileyo ukuze uxilonge kwaye unyange le meko.
• Unyango lwengqondo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amayeza lunyango olusebenzayo koku.
• Njengabazali, inkxaso yenu, ukuqonda kwenu, kunye nomonde wenu zibaluleke kakhulu kumntwana wenu. Kubalulekile nokuba nizinyamekele.
• Ukuchonga le meko kwangethuba nokuqala unyango kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ekuncedeni umntwana ukuba abe nekamva elisempilweni nelonwabisayo.

Ungakhathazeki, kukho iindlela zokunceda kwiimeko ezinje. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba awuwedwa kwaye ufumane uncedo oludingayo.

` I-DMDD, impilo yengqondo yomntwana, umsindo womntwana, iingxaki zokuziphatha, iingxaki zeemvakalelo, unyango lwengqondo lomntwana, iingcebiso zobuzali